AP psych unit 14 test bank part one

The fundamental attribution error is likely to be restrained by observing someone

in a variety of situations

Opinion change resulting from incidental cues such as a speaker's attractiveness illustrates

peripheral route persuasion

You would probably be LEAST likely to commit the fundamental attribution error in explaining why

you failed a college test

Which of the following individuals is LEAST likely to cheat on his income tax?

Mikhail, who positively values paying his full income tax

Rhonda has just learned that her neighbor Patricia was involved in an automobile accident at a nearby intersection. The tendency to make the fundamental attribution error may lead Rhonda to conclude

"Patricia's recklessness has finally gotten her in trouble"

People are especially likely to demonstrate the fundamental attribution error in cultures that value

Individualism

The fundamental attribution error refers to our tendency to underestimate the impact of _______ and to overestimate the impact of _______ in explaining the behavior of others.

Situational influences; personal dispositions

How does our explanation of strangers' behavior differ from that of our own behavior?

We explain strangers behavior in terms if personality traits and our own behavior in terms of situational constraints

Ksana insists that her boyfriend's car accident resulted from his carelessness. Her explanation for the accident provides an example of

a dis-positional attribution

Caitlin concluded that her husband was late for dinner because he was caught in heavy traffic. Her conclusion best illustrates

a situational attribution

The fundamental attribution error is likely to lead observers to attribute a strangers

act of kindness to a compassionate personality

Politicians who publicly oppose a tax increase that they privately favor best illustrate that

actions may sometimes be inconsistent with attitudes

The fundamental attribution error is likely to lead observers to conclude that unemployed people

are irresponsible and unmotivated

Central route persuasion is most likely when people

are naturally analytical

An example of the fundamental attribution error is illustrated in our tendency to underestimate the extent to which others' behavior is influenced by

assigned roles

feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events are called

attitudes

to analyze how people explain others behavior, Fritz Heider developed

attribution theory

Attitudes are ________ that guide behavior.

belief-based feelings

Our attitudes are more likely to guide our actions when we

can easily recall our attitudes

Magazine computer ads seldom feature endorsements from Hollywood stars or great athletes. Instead, they offer detailed information for consumers to develop more positive opinions about the company's products. This advertising strategy best illustrates

central route persuasion

Opinion change resulting from a thoughtful focus on the content of arguments illustrates

central route persuasion

Aleksis has recently begun to bully and hurt his younger brother. If this behavior continues, it is likely that Aleksis will

develop an increasing dislike for his brother

Fritz Heider concluded that people tend to attribute others' behavior either to their

dispositions or their situations

A persons behavior is most likely to be consistent with his or her attitudes when

external influences on behavior are minimal

Freire did very poorly on his last arithmetic test. The tendency to make the fundamental attribution error might lead his sixth-grade teacher to conclude that Freire did poorly because

he is unmotivated to do well in school

attribution theory was designed to account for

how people explain others' behavior

Our explanations of our own admirable actions are ________ likely to involve situational attributions than our explanations of our own shameful actions. Our explanations of our own actions performed long ago are ________ likely to involve dispositional attributions than our explanations of our own very recent actions.

less, more

Our explanation for the fundamental attribution error involves observers

limited visual perspective

Compared with central route persuasion, peripheral route persuasion tends to

occur more rapidly

Instead of providing arguments in favor of a political candidate, ads may build political support by associating pictures of the candidate with emotion-evoking music and images. This strategy best illustrates

peripheral route persuasion

Observing yourself on a videotape is most likely to increase your tendency to attribute your behavior to

personality traits

A dispositional attribution is to________ as a situational attribution is to _____

personality traits, assigned roles

Poverty and unemployment are likely to be explained in terms of personal dispositions by ________ and in terms of situational influences by ________.

political conservatives, political liberals

Students who were told that a young woman had been instructed to act in a very unfriendly way for the purposes of the experiment concluded that her behavior

reflected her personal disposition

In explaining our own behavior or the behavior of those we know well, we often resort to

situational attributions

Which branch of psychology is most directly concerned with the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another?

social psychology

To "brainwash" captured American soldiers during the Korean War, Chinese communists made effective use of

the foot-in-the-door phenomenon

Compared with people from East Asian cultures, those from individualistic Western countries are more likely to demonstrate

the fundamental attribution error

Recognizing the powerful impact of social influence on others' behaviors is most likely to minimize

the fundamental attribution error

The tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal dispositions on another's behavior is called

the fundamental attribution error

the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors

the fundamental attribution error

Carol is restless during class because her professor's distressed facial expressions lead her to believe that he dislikes teaching. The professor, on the other hand, is distressed because he sees Carol's restlessness as an indication that she lacks any motivation to learn. At this point, both student and professor should be informed of the dangers of

the fundamental attribution theory

The text defines social psychology as the scientific study of how people ________ one another.

think about, influence, and relate to