AP psych unit 8

the phenomenon that refers to the tendency to comply with a large request if one had previously complied with a small request

Foot in the door phenomenon

The rules of a culture for accepted and expected behavior

Norms

perform well-learned tasks more effectively in the presence of others

Social facilitation

Branch of psychology that is most directly concerned with how people think about, influence, and relate to one another

Social psychology

the affectionate attachment that keeps a relationship going after passionate feelings cool is known as

companionate love

Adjusting one's behavior or thinking toward a group standard is called

conformity

chameleon effect

conformity

Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

conformity (solomon asch)

feelings that predispose us to respond in particular ways to objects, people, and events

attitudes

Masked bandits might be more likely than unmasked bandits to physically injure their victims due to

deindividuation

Participants in the Milgram obedience studies were ordered to

deliver electric shocks to a learner for giving incorrect answers

the ability to perceive and respond to differences among stimuli

discrimination

opinion change resulting from a thoughtful focus on content of arguments

central route persuasion

If a cluster of people stand gazing upward, passersby will often pause to do likewise. This best illustrates

chameleon effect

The discomfort we feel when two thoughts are inconsistent is called

cognitive dissonance

enhancement of a groups prevailing inclinations through group discussion is called

group polarization

overwhelming desire for harmony in a decision making group increases the probability of

groupthink

unwritten expectations

implicit norm

After hearing respected medical authorities lecture about the value of regular exercise, Raul, who has rarely exercised, begins to jog regularly. The change in Raul's behavior best illustrates the impact of

informational social influence

Most children believe their school is better than the other schools in town. This best illustrates

ingroup bias

as increased liking for an unfamiliar stimulus following repeated experience with it is known as

mere exposure effect

Two conflicting groups who share the same negative views of one another demonstrate

mirror image perceptions

Conformity resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval is said to be a response to

normative social influence

The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races.

other race effect

Instead of providing arguments in favor of a political candidate, ads may build political support by associating pictures of the candidate with emotion-evoking music and images. This strategy best illustrates

peripheral route persuasion

unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members is called

prejudice

After she received a free hand-painted Christmas ornament from a religious organization, Mrs. Montevecchi felt obligated to mail a cash donation to the organization. Her response to the free gift best illustrates the impact of the

reciprocity norm

Philip Zimbardo devised a simulated prison and randomly assigned college students to serve as prisoners or guards. This experiment best illustrated the impact of

role-playing on attitudes

Following 9/11, some outraged people lashed out at innocent Arab-Americans. This venting of hostility can best be explained in terms of

scapegoat theory

Natasha and Dimitri have a fulfilling marital relationship because they readily confide their deepest hopes and fears to each other. This best illustrates the value of:

self- disclosure

a belief that leads to its own fulfillment

self-fulfilling prophecy

a social trap is a situation in which

the pursuit of self-interest leads to collective harm

Which theory suggests that altruistic behavior is governed by calculations of rewards and costs

social exchange theory

The tendency for people to exert less effort when they are pooling their efforts toward a common goal is known as

social loafing

Philip Zimbardo devised a simulated prison and randomly assigned college students to serve as prisoners or guards.

stanford prison experiment

Overgeneralized beliefs about a group of people that often underlie prejudicial emotions are called

stereotypes

psychologists describe shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation as

superordinate

People are less likely to give aid if an emergency occurs in the presence of many observers. This is known as

the bystander effect

alturism is best described as

behaving unselfishly to enhance the welfare of others

the just world phenomenon often leads people to

believe that victims of misfortune deserve to suffer

sharing household chores ranks high on a list of things people associate with successful marriages. this best illustrates

equity

Laws or written rules

explicit norm

tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of social dispositions on another's behavior

fundamental attribution error