AP psychology

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates a behavioral approach to therapy?

Finn has been acting out at school, so his therapist employs a token economy to reward Finn when he behaves well.

All of the following are anxiety disorders EXCEPT

conversion disorder

Which of the following falls under the category of somatic symptom and related disorders?

conversion disorder

group therapy

therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, permitting therapeutic benefits from group interaction

behavioral treatment

-token economies, aversion therapy, flooding (behavioral approaches generally try to use classical, operant, or social learning approaches to change behavior) -behavior is disorder

Psychoanalysis

A method of studying how the mind works and treating mental disorders

systematic desensitization

A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.

Petunia experiences distress every time she leaves her house and goes out into a crowd. The most likely diagnosis for her would be which of the following types of disorders?

Anxiety

Which of the following treatments would reduce a drinker's dependence on alcohol by changing the positive effect of alcohol to a negative one?

Aversive conditioning

Many people who have been diagnosed with major depressive disorder find their symptoms are reduced when they take a medication that alters their serotonin or norepinephrine levels. Their outcome supports which of the following approaches to depression?

Biological

Karl goes to see Dr. Norton to help him overcome his fear of cats. Karl's fear began in childhood when he petted a cat and someone slammed a door. Every time Karl petted the cat, the door slammed. Now whenever Karl sees a cat, he becomes very anxious. Dr. Norton puts a cat in the room with Karl and prevents Karl from avoiding or escaping the cat until Karl's anxiety naturally dissipates. The treatment is called

Flooding

biomedical approach

Focuses narrowly on the physical aspects of illness.

Which therapist best illustrates the humanistic orientation to therapy?

Gil's therapist, who engages in active listening during their sessions

Belinda exhibits diminished pleasure in her daily activities, significant weight loss, insomnia, fatigue, and feelings of excessive guilt. Belinda's problems are most consistent with which of the following disorders?

Major depressive

Carmen's psychiatrist has prescribed a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor to help Carmen feel better. Carmen has most likely been diagnosed with what disorder?

Major depressive

Bernadette has lacked enthusiasm for work and other activities for a number of years. She also has a poor appetite and feels fatigued. Which of the following disorders is most consistent with Bernadette's symptoms?

Persistent depressive

Cognitive psychologists are most likely to use which method of treatment with their clients?

Rational-emotive behavior therapy

After a lengthy interview, Dr. Richard decides that the preferred treatment for Maurice is systematic desensitization. Which of the following is Dr. Richard's most likely diagnosis of Maurice?

Specific phobia

Which of the following scenarios is an example of a therapist using rational-emotive behavior therapy?

Stanley thinks he is never going to get a job, so his therapist says that would be the worst thing that could ever happen to Stanley.

Ted is hiking along a mountain trail when he sees a large snake slithering across the path ahead of him. After the incident, Ted develops a specific phobia of snakes. Which of the following therapeutic techniques will be most effective for eliminating Ted's phobia?

Systematic desensitization

Which of the following behavior-therapy techniques is typically used to reduce fear of heights?

Systematic desensitization

bipolar disorder

A mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania.

Robert has a persistent fear of having a heart attack in public that has resulted in his not wanting to leave his house. Therefore, he severely limits the time he spends out in public. Robert's condition is most similar to which of the following disorders?

Agoraphobia

cognitive treatment

attempts to confront irrational ways of thinking

A therapist uses systematic desensitization to treat a client with a phobia. Which of the following treatment approaches can best explain the fundamental components underlying this technique?

behavioral

Token economies are based on which theoretical perspective?

behavioral

Fluoxetine (Prozac® ) has been shown to reduce depression primarily by

blocking receptor sites and decreasing the level of serotonin in the synapses

In treating a patient for depression, Dr. Pratt focuses on changing the ways in which the patient interprets events. Which type of therapy is Dr. Pratt using?

cognitive

addiction

compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences

Biological Treatments

drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, psychosurgery

Aaron T. Beck would most likely

focus on a client's catastrophic thinking patterns

Connie always worries that something terrible is about to happen even when her environment is secure. She constantly fidgets and never feels relaxed. Connie is most likely to be diagnosed with

generalized anxiety disorder

Phobias

irrational fears of specific objects or situations

The cognitive theory of depression states that depression results from

maladaptive interpretations of life events

A therapist using systematic desensitization to help a client overcome a fear of big dogs would probably begin treatment by asking the client to

master a set of relaxation techniques

dissociative identity disorder

multiple personality disorder

Alan is sure something is wrong with him, even though his doctor has not found any physiological basis for his complaints. He returns to the doctor every few weeks to report symptoms of new illnesses based on information he reads. Alan is most likely to be diagnosed with which of the following types of disorders?

somatoform

Ever since she was a child, Henrietta has had an intense fear of clowns, even though she has never been hurt by one. She runs screaming whenever she sees one. Henrietta most likely has what psychological disorder?

specific phobia