AP Psychology Chapter 1: Test Review

A researcher who publishes the results of a case study might be most worried about violating which ethical principle of human experimentation? A. Debriefing B. Informed Consent C. Protection form harm D. Double-blind E. Condifentiality

E. Condifentiality

The idea that psychology is not based on scientific fact or human shortcomings but instead should focus on human experience is the basis for which psychological approach? A. Cognitive Psychology B. Structuralism C. Behaviorism D. Functionalism E. Humanism

E. Humanism

Dr. Bisell conducts an experiment to see whether hunger makes mice run faster through a maze. He randomly assigns 25 mice to a control group or an experimental group. Which cannot be a confounding variable? A. Where the experiment takes place B. How hungry the mice were before the experiment C. How fast the mice are before the race D. When the experiment takes place E. The population from which he selected the mice.

E. The population from which he selected the mice.

I believe people choose to live meaningful lives. I share many of the same beliefs as Carl Rodgers. Most important, I believe any people have the ability to reach self-actualization. Who am I? A. Wertheimer B. Skinner C. Maslow D. Terman E. Seligman

C. Maslow

A case study is: A. A primary tool for investigation into a client's unconscious through dream analysis and free association. B. A study done over an entire span of one individual, giving the psychologist detailed information of one's psyche. C. A study that exposes the subject to some event and measures coping skills. D. An independent study used outside the natural environment of the subject. E. A comparative study of various people of different ages at the same time.

A. A primary tool for investigation into a client's unconscious through dream analysis and free association.

A random sample can best be defined as: A. A sample in which each potential participant has an equal chance of being selected B. A sample that is carefully chosen so the characterstics of participants correspond to the larger population. C. A selection of cases from a larger population D. A selection of cases from the control group E. A sample of a larger population from the experimental group

A. A sample in which each potential participant has an equal chance of being selected

Psychology is considered a science mainly because it relies on direct observation. Which field of psychology supports this? A. Behaviorism B. Psychodynamic Psychology C. Social Psychology D. Cognitive Psychology E. Structuralism

A. Behaviorism

Dr. Lopez believes that depression is caused by chemical imbalances in the brain. Clearly, Dr. Lopez advocates which type of an approach? A. Biological B. Evolutionary C. Humanist D. Pyschoanalysis E. Cognitive

A. Biological

Sean Feldspar is a teenager whose intellectual abilities are growing alongside his brain during this crucial period of development. He also recently saw movies like The Matrix, Truman Show, and The Lego Movie. He is wondering if he actually exists or if he is dreaming or even worse if he is in someone else's reality. Which phrase by which major figure in psychology would address Sean's concern? A. Cogito Ergo Sum (I think therefore I am) - Rene Descartes B. Stream of consciousness - William James C. Biology is Destiny - Sigmund Freud D. The real problem is not whether machines think but whether men do - B.F. Skinner E. The distinguishing characteristics of mind are of a subjective sort - Wilhelm Wundt

A. Cogito Ergo Sum (I think therefore I am) - Rene Descartes

I am primarily interested in thinking processes; I am a __________ psychologist. A. Cognitive B. Learning C. Perception D. Personality

A. Cognitive

Jill wants to study the process of thinking. Which field of psychology should she choose? A. Cognitive B. Social C. Personality D. Learning E. Perception

A. Cognitive

One major criticism of Ivan Pavlov's concept of classical conditioning was that: A. It did not take into account voluntary human behavior. B. It was unethical to use fogs in a psychology experiment C. It did not take into account involuntary behavior. D. The findings overlapped with other fields of psychology. E. It did not relate to human behavior.

A. It did not take into account voluntary human behavior.

Which of the following argued that knowledge comes from observation, and what we know comes from experience? A. John Locke B. Plato C. Socrates D. Rene Descartes E. Francis Galton

A. John Locke

Who would have been most likely to ignore mental processes and to define psychology as "the scientific study of observable behavior" ? A. John Watson B. Edward Titchener C. Jean Piaget D. William Wundt E. Sigmund Freud

A. John Watson

The observation in a classroom that the higher the room temperature, the lower student performance would be an example of: A. Negative correlation B. Zero correlation C. Positive correlation D. Independent correlation E. Dependent correlation

A. Negative correlation

Clients who work with their therapists to explore their past to discover the source of their illness would be seeking what type of therapy? A. Psychoanalytic B. Humanist C. Cognitive D. Electic E. Behavioral

A. Psychoanalytic

Phenomenology is best defined as: A. The study of natural, unanalyzed perception. B. The process of thinking and memory C. The study of psychological mental health D. The study of language development E. The process of consistent patterns and organized sets.

A. The study of natural, unanalyzed perception.

Which of the following psychologists wrote "The Principles of Psychology"? A. William James B. Wilhelm Wundt C. John Watson D. Sigmund Freud E. Max Wertheimer

A. William James

Psychodynamic psychology focuses mainly on which of the following? A. Free will and self-actualization. B. Experiments in controlled settings C. The collective unconscious D. Thoughts, impulses, and desires beyond the conscious being E. Practical introspection

D. Thoughts, impulses, and desires beyond the conscious being

In preparation for the AP Psychology Exam, Sara and Ivan each studied for 2 hours. Sam studied for 9, Alice 12, and Marvin studied for 25 hours. What was the median number of hours studied by these individuals? A. 2 B. 9 C. 10 D. 12 E. 50

B. 9

Marc, a psychology major, collected survey data about the number of hours that college students study for finals and their grades on those finals. His data indicates that students who spend more time studying for finals tend to do better than other students. What can Marc now conclude? A. Studying improves a student's grade on a final exam. B. A relationship exists between studying and exam grades. C. A significant relationship exists between studying and grades. D. Students who do not study for final exams will not do well on those exams. E. Students with higher IQs tend to study more than those with lower IQs.

B. A relationship exists between studying and exam grades.

Of the following, who is a humanistic psychologist? A. Sigmund Freud B. Abraham Maslow C. B. F. Skinner D. John Watson

B. Abraham Maslow

The use of rewards, punishments, and positive reinforcement is an example of which field of psychology? A. Personality B. Behavioral C. Social D. Cognitive E. Psychoanalytic

B. Behavioral

The study of similarities and differences in the behavior of different species is called _________. A. Biological Psychology B. Comparative Psychology C. Environmental Psychology D. Differential Psychology

B. Comparative Psychology

In an experiment, Sydney is going to investigate how alcohol affects aggression. The number of alcoholic drinks the subject has is called: A. Controlled variable B. Independent variable C. Dependent variable D. Experimental variable E. Positive variable.

B. Independent variable

Comparative psychologists are primarily interested in _______. A. Stimulus-Response Connections B. Non-Human Behavior C. Comparisons of Functional and Behavioral psychology D. the comparison of different types of psychotherapy

B. Non-Human Behavior

A developmental psychologist focuses mainly on: A. The conscious experiences of an infant. B. The manner in which a child develops the ability to speak, learn and understand the world around him or her C. The mental process that helps a young person adapt to his or her environment D. The identification of on's environment and response to the environment E. Experiments that emphasize actual behavior rather than controlled settings

B. The manner in which a child develops the ability to speak, learn and understand the world around him or her

Which of the following psychologists was a structuralist? A. John Watson B. Wilhelm Wundt C. William James D. Max Wertheimer E. Sigmund Freud

B. Wilhelm Wundt

Who was considered the father of psychology? A. James B. Wundt C. Wertheimer D. Freud E. Kohler

B. Wundt

The goals of psychology are to _________________. A. develop effective methods of psychotherapy B. describe, predict, understand, and control behavior C. explain the functioning of the human mind D. compare, analyze, and control human behavior

B. describe, predict, understand, and control behavior

According to John Watson, introspection was __________. A. a valid method of research B. unscientific C. the cornerstone of behaviorism D. the study of the mind in use

B. unscientific

Which of the following coefficients of a correlation indicate the weakest relationship between to variables? A. 0.51 B. -0.28 C. 0.08 D. -1.00 E. 1.00

C. 0.08

If a researcher is trying to establish a causal relationship between eating breakfast and work performance, the researcher should use which of the following methods of research? A. Case Study B. Correlation research C. Experimental research D. Survey E. Statistics

C. Experimental research

Which of the following psychological theories is known as the one that emphasizes "free will"? A. Psychodynamic Psychology B. Behaviorism C. Humanistic Psychology D. Neo-Freudian Psychology

C. Humanistic Psychology

Which of the following represents an empirical statement? A. Government experts agree that a future downturn in the economy is likely. B. The temperature today is higher than it was a year ago today. C. IQ is defined as mental age, divided by age in years, times 100. D. Grandmothers know best.

C. IQ is defined as mental age, divided by age in years, times 100.

One major difference between structuralism and functionalism is: A. Structuralists analyze all metal elements, while functionalist analyze only some elements. B. Structuralist believe all behaviors stem fro the evolutionary process. C. Structuralist wish to divide the mind into mental elements while functionalists believe behavior helps an organism adapt to the environment. D. Only functionalist believe in the importance of introspection. E.Structuralists try to manipulate the mind in order to understand behavior, while functionalist study the conscious mind to understand behavior.

C. Structuralist wish to divide the mind into mental elements while functionalists believe behavior helps an organism adapt to the environment.

The Hawthorne effect is best defined as: A. Expectations by the experimenter that can influence the results of an experiment B. The change in the results of an experiment when it is "blind" versus " double-blind" C. The idea that people will alter their behavior because of the researchers' attention and not because of actual treatment D. Specific, testable predictions derived from a theory E. The idea that subjects in an experiment will lie if the researcher tells them to

C. The idea that people will alter their behavior because of the researchers' attention and not because of actual treatment

"Give me a dozen healthy infants and my own special world to bring them up in, and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist,... lawyer, doctor..." What psychological approach would support this statement? A. Cognitive B. Structural C. Functional D. Behavioral E. Psychoanalytic

D. Behavioral

Mrs. Curtis believes that her son has become an excellent student because she consistently uses praise and affection to stimulate his learning efforts. Her belief best illustrates which approach? A. Cognitive B. Biological C. Pyschodynamic D. Behavioral E. Evolutionary

D. Behavioral

After Mr. Jones suffered a stroke, a section on the left side of his brain was severely damaged. Now, Mr. Jones lost the ability to speak fluently. This change in his verbal skills can be best be explained using which approach? A. Behaviorist B. Evolutionary C. Cognitive D. Biological E. Humanist

D. Biological

Which of the following research methods does not permit researchers to draw conclusions regarding cause-and-effect relationships? A. Experimental Research B. Surveys C. Case Studies D. Correlation Research E. Naturalistic observations

D. Correlation Research

Psychoanalytic psychology focuses mainly on: A. Rewards and punishments B. Self-esteem and self-actualization C. Biology and genetics D. Internal conflict and unconscious desires E. Sensation and perception.

D. Internal conflict and unconscious desires

Who was a student of William James and the first female president of the American Psychological Association? A. Karen Horney B. Rosalie Raynor C. Elizabeth Loftus D. Mary Calkins E. Mary Cover Jones

D. Mary Calkins

Of the following, who is associated with the Gestalt school of psychology? A. John Watson B. William James C. Ivan Pavlov D. Max Wertheimer E. Sigmund Freud

D. Max Wertheimer

The term 'biological psychology' is concerned with: A. Aggression and sexual behavior B. Depression and anxiety C. Genetics and the nervous system D. Social anxiety E. Drug treatment

D. Social anxiety

Which of the following best defines electic psychology? A. The study of animal instinct B. The study of child development C. The study of abnormal behavior D. The study of a variety of theories within the field E. The study of the human brain and central nervous system

D. The study of a variety of theories within the field

All of the following are reasons why psychologists use animals in research EXCEPT: A. Animals' lives are easier to control than the lives of humans B. It is much easier to see the effect of a manipulation in simple animals, like sea slugs or rats, than in humans C. Long-term effects are more immediately observed in animals than in humans D. There are no ethical guidelines that need to be adhered to in the case of animal experimentation E. Researchers can treat animals in such ways that cannot be used to treat humans

D. There are no ethical guidelines that need to be adhered to in the case of animal experimentation