AP Psychology Chapter 10 Questions

Displays of self-effacing humility are most characteristic of those who value a. individualism. b. nationalization. c. collectivism. d. reciprocal determinism. e. reaction formation.

c. collectivism

People given little control over their world in prisons, factories, schools, and nursing homes experience a. personal control. b. reciprocal determinism. c. learned helplessness. d. self-actualization. e. projection.

c. learned helplessness.

The role of repressed childhood conflicts in personality disorders is most clearly emphasized by the ________ perspective. a. trait b. social-cognitive c. psychoanalytic d. humanistic e. self

c. psychoanalytic

What do we call the ability to control impulses and delay gratification? a. Self-actualization b. External locus of control c. Independence d. Self-control e. Self-esteem

d. Self-control

One of the Big Five personality factors is a. reciprocal determinism. b. self-actualization. c. agreeableness. d. psychoanalysis. e. individualism.

c. agreeableness

Freud suggested that adults with a passive personality marked by a childlike dependency demonstrate signs of a. an oral fixation. b. an inferiority complex. c. reaction formation. d. an Oedipus complex. e. a collective unconscious.

a. an oral fixation

Brad Bushman and Roy Baumeister found that when criticized, people with unrealistically high self-esteem a. became exceptionally aggressive. b. were more receptive to the criticism. c. became easily depressed. d. worked harder to do better the next time. e. quit the task without completing it.

a. became exceptionally aggressive.

Sigmund Freud called his theory of personality and the associated treatment techniques a. psychoanalysis. b. the humanistic approach. c. the self-concept. d. the psychosexual stages. e. free association.

a. psychoanalysis

Our______ consists of all the thoughts and feelings we have in response to the question, "Who am I?" a. self-concept b. ideal self c. self-esteem d. empathy e. self-acceptance

a. self-concept

When Vanessa noticed that she was wearing mismatched socks, she overestimated the extent to which others would also notice. Her reaction best illustrates a. the spotlight effect. b. defensive self-esteem. c. reciprocal determinism. d. the Barnum effect. e. the false consensus effect.

a. the spotlight effect

Which technique would psychologists use to assess whether a cluster of characteristics that includes ambition, determination, persistence, and self-reliance reflects a single personality trait? a. projective testing b. factor analysis c. empirically derived testing d. free association e. dream analysis

b. factor analysis

Collectivist cultures are characterized by members a. developing a strong sense of self. b. giving priority to group goals. c. forming casual, often temporary relationships. d. achieving personal goals. e. discovering how they are different from the group.

b. giving priority to group goals.

Sarah's optimism is both a contributor to and a product of her successful career accomplishments. This best illustrates a. self-serving bias. b. reciprocal determinism. c. unconditional positive regard. d. the spotlight effect. e. terror management.

b. reciprocal determinism

Athletes who often privately credit their victories to their own prowess, and their losses to bad breaks, lousy officiating, or the other team's exceptional performance are exhibiting a. a low self-esteem. b. the self-serving bias. c. pessimism. d. the spotlight effect. e. incompetence.

b. the self-serving bias.

According to Carl Rogers, when we are in a good marriage, a close family, or an intimate friendship, we are free to be spontaneous without fearing the loss of others' esteem. He called the accepting attitude that enables this freedom a. a peak experience. b. unconditional positive regard. c. self-transcendence. d. humanistic psychology. e. our self-concept.

b. unconditional positive regard.

According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following defense mechanisms buries threatening or upsetting events outside of consciousness? a. Regression b. Displacement c. Repression d. Projection e. Rationalization

c. Repression

What did Abraham Maslow call the process of fulfilling our potential? a. Love needs b. Self-esteem c. Self-actualization d. Self-transcendence e. Hierarchy of needs

c. Self-actualization

Children's TV-viewing habits (past behavior) influence their viewing preferences (internal personal factor), which influences how television (environmental factor) affects their current behavior. This is an example of a. personal control. b. learned helplessness. c. reciprocal determinism. d. the Big Five traits. e. implicit learning.

c. reciprocal determinism.

Abraham Maslow suggested that individuals who are open, spontaneous, and not paralyzed by others' opinions illustrate a. extraversion. b. reaction formation. c. self-actualization. d. collectivism. e. self-serving bias.

c. self actualization

During a phone call to the Psychic Network, Mark was told that "you often worry about things much more than you admit, even to your best friends." Mark's amazement at the psychic's apparent understanding of his personality best illustrates a. the spotlight effect. b. an external locus of control. c. the Barnum effect. d. the self-reference phenomenon. e. rationalization.

c. the Barnum effect

Carl Jung emphasized the importance of ________ in personality functioning. a. inferiority feelings b. psychosexual stages c. the collective unconscious d. unconditional positive regard e. social tensions

c. the collective unconscious

Although she is intelligent and a good athlete, Abigail believes that her low grades in school and losing the quarter-mile race are reflections of her own intellectual and athletic incompetence. Her conclusion best illustrates a. the false consensus effect. b. reciprocal determinism. c. the spotlight effect. d. a pessimistic attributional style. e. an internal locus of control.

d. a pessimistic attributional style

Critics of humanistic psychology have suggested that this theory fails to appreciate the reality of our human capacity for a. empathy. b. love. c. negativity. d. evil. e. laziness.

d. evil.

Hermann Rorschach introduced what has become the most widely used ________ test. a. empirically derived b. thematic apperception c. factor analytic d. projective e. person-situation

d. projective

Our self-focused perspective may motivate us, but it can also lead us to presume too readily that others are noticing and evaluating us. This is called a. self-monitoring. b. self-schemas. c. possible selves. d. the spotlight effect. e. the social-cognitive perspective.

d. the spotlight effect.

Jaydon doesn't realize that his alcohol abuse and neglect of his family is leading to the destruction of both his family and career. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Jaydon shows signs of a a. strong ego. b. weak self. c. strong superego. d. weak ego. e. strong self.

d. weak ego

Humanistic psychology has been most closely associated with an emphasis on the importance of a. empirically derived tests. b. reciprocal determinism. c. factor analysis. d. an external locus of control. e. a positive self-concept.

e. a positive self concept

Marcy believes that the outcome of athletic contests depends so much on luck that it hardly pays to put any effort into her own athletic training. Her belief most clearly illustrates a. the spotlight effect. b. the Barnum effect. c. the false consensus effect. d. reciprocal determinism. e. an external locus of control.

e. an external locus of control

Albert Bandura proposed the social-cognitive perspective, which a. explains the nature-nurture debate. b. predicts human behavior. c. focuses on how our environment controls us. d. explains human motivation. e. emphasizes the interaction of our traits with our situations.

e. emphasizes the interaction of our traits with our situations.

Questionnaires covering a wide range of feelings and behaviors designed to assess several traits at once are called a. factor analysis studies. b. peer reports. c. achievement tests. d. cognition tests. e. personality inventories.

e. personality inventories.

Bryce often acts so daring and overly confident that few people realize he is actually riddled with unconscious insecurity and self-doubt. Bryce best illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as a. regression. b. projection. c. displacement. d. denial. e. reaction formation.

e. reaction formation