AP Psychology Exam Review

scott lost his vision and has been having vision problems ever since. his problem most likely came from the difficulty in his

visual cortex

what is an example of cognitive distortion according to aaron becks

"if I don't get all A's in college then my degree will be worthless"

a cancer patient becomes nauseated following chemotherapy treatments. After a few treatments the patient begins having a sick feeling whenever entering the treatment room. the treatment room has become

A conditioned stimulus

Jim decides to seek treatment for his alcoholism that involves taking medication that causes nausea when paired with alcohol. what type of treatment has Jim chosen?

Behavioral

because the most popular students in the high school tend to wear a particular brand of athletic shoe, a new student buys a pair of shoes of the same brand. such behavior demonstrates which of the following social psychological concepts?

Conformity

people who were asked to sign a petition in support of a political candidate. later, those who signed the petition were asked to donate money to the candidates, and many of them did. this phenomenon is nest characterized as

Foot-in-the door technique

which developmental milestone must be reached before an infant experiences separation anxiety?

Object Permanence

which factors are important predictors of attraction?

Proximity, mere exposure, and physical attractiveness

which of the following is the correct path a neural impulse will follow through the different layers of the retina

Rods and cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, optic nerve

Standard deviation is a measure of how much

Scores in a group differ from the mean

on his first day of work at the bakery, Brad was nearly overwhelmed by the sweet odor of the baked goods. this is an example of

Sensory Adaptation

an individual bystander is most likely to help an injured person under which of the following circumstances

When a bystander is the only other person present

Amanda experienced discomfort in class. she put on her sweater when she realized her discomfort was caused by the cold. her behavior was motivated by

a drive

what is an example of a person who demonstrates internal locus of control

a student decides to run for student gov. because he feels he can make a positive change

One-year-old Marcus turns away from a bitter taste. the reason for his reaction is

an inborn distaste that protects us from potential poisons

which psychological theory would explain PTSD

cognitive

according to Wilhelm Wundt, the focus of scientific psychology should be the study of

conscious experience

Thomas is 30 and shy. psychologist would be hesitant to label a psychological disorder because his behavior

does not appear to cause impair his day to day functioning

cocaine blocks which transmitter

dopamine

client centered therapist try to see the clients perspective. this is an example od what concept.

empathy

In Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment, infants who were classified as securely attached were most likely to

express happiness when the mother returned to the room

which of the following is more associated with environmental effects than with genetic influences

fetal alcohol syndrome

Serena uses dental floss in the absence of a knife to cut a cake this is

functional fixedness

the flynn effect is best illustrated by

intelligence scores increase with each generation

experience between a group of rats

latent learning

Yun is native chins and had problems speaking English. the difficulty involved was

phonemes

a psychologist who classifies someone as open and extraversion believes in

psychosocial

what is a common symptom is bipolar disorder

rapid speech

Henry took an intelligence test and scored the same low score, what that called?

reliable

significant damage to which of the following parts of the brain will most likely cause a person to fall into a deep coma from which the person will be unable to awaken

reticular formation

Ashley was a teller at the bank then to promoted. why is she being so successful

self serving bias

which of the following is true of a child with high self-efficacy regarding her ability to play soccer

she feels confident she can play well enough to score a goal

Jeff wants his kids to not use bad language when something bad happens but Jeff does it. this can be explained by

social learning theory

what hormone is closely linked to aggressive behavior

testosterone

Paul and Sally who met and married in their mid 20's have been married fro 25 years. their youngest child recently graduated from high school and has left for college. which of the following is most likely true of this couple?

the marital relationship will improve

children praised for getting high grades will continue for high grades this is the

the praise functions as a positive reinforce

if mice lack an enzyme they will

they will be unable to learn a maze

which of the following is an example of fluid intelligence

using cubes to figure out the solution to a previously unseen puzzle

Kathy is learning how to cook. She follows every direction on each recipe step by step to make sure her food tastes good. which of the following describes the problem-solving approach that Kathy is using?

Algorithm

the ratio of mental age to chronological age for a child of average intelligence is

1:1

Darien's father dictated who Darien's friends should be and what classes he should take, and he set an extremely early curfew. If Darien went against his father's wishes, the repercussions were harsh and swift. what type of parenting did Darien experience?

Authoritarian

a polygraph machine is often called a lie detector, although it does not detect lies instead it responds to change in

Automatic arousal

the area labeled as X in the drawing above denotes which of the following structures?

Axon terminals

Fluoxetine (Prozac) has been shown to reduce depression primarily by

Blocking reuptake and increasing the level of serotonin

a person with damage to Broca's area would most likely demonstrate this type of symptom.

Difficulty with speech

which of the following treatments assumes a biological cause of disorder

Electroconvulsive Therapy

which 2 theories most accurately explain pitch perception

Frequency and Place

a tumor that destroys the ventromedial hypothalamus is likely produced by which of the following

Frequent eating and obesity

the ability to see a cube in the diagram above is best explained by which of the following

Gestalt principles of closure continuity

Consistent with the concept of neural plasticity, neurons in mammals have been found to change the way they function as a result of repeated stimulation by doing what

Growing new dendritic spines

Tina's mother often entertains Tina by bouncing a bunny puppet back and forth along the side of Tina's crib. Initially, Tina pays close attention to the puppet, but after a while, she begins to ignore it and continues doing what she was doing before the puppet appeared. Which of the following psychological concepts best explain Tina's change in behavior?

Habituation

research on the development of personality traits across the life span has revealed that

In individual's personality traits tend to be relatively stable during middle adulthood

in the early years of psychology, a research participant might have been asked to observe carefully and systematically his conscious experiences. what method would the participant be using?

Introspection

When a projective technique is used, a person could be asked to

Look at some pictures and tell a story about each of them

A researcher interested in finding a simple way to estimate intelligence decides to evaluate skill circumference as a possible indicator of intelligence. He finds that the size of an adults skull remains the same from one measurement to the next, but he finds that skull circumference is not a very good predictor of intelligence. In this example, skull circumference as a measure of intelligence is

Reliable but not valid

Melvin a server at a restaurant, is in the middle of a lunch rush. he is completing orders, serving customers, and seating. he has adapted to this level of stress and is coping. which of the following terms identifies a stage in Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome that Melvin is currently experiencing?

Resistance

In Phillip Zimbardo's Stanford prison experiment, young men were assigned roles as either guards or prisoners. the result showed that?

Situations can exert powerful effects on morality and identity

which of the following studies in the field of social psychology met with the greatest criticism about the ethical issues involved

Stanley Milgram's Study

cognitive psychologists are most likely to study

The Acquisition of knowledge, planning, and problem-solving

what is an example of defense mechanism of regression

after failing an exam, a college student has a temper tantrum and tears up his books and notes

an individual was admitted to the hospital after experiencing a mild tingling on the right side of the face and a sudden inability to speak. using magnetic resonance imagining (MRI) a doctor would likely find

an abnormality in the brain tissue of the left hemisphere

researchers have found negative correlation between income and dental problems. what can be concluded?

as income increase, dental problems decrease

the letter K ideology

he would say "K" is more likely as the first letter because those are the first words that come to mind

when people get drunk and can't remember what happened it interferes with the brain due to

hippocampus

self-actualization is most closely associated with which approach

humanistic

a dog bit Sam when he was a small child and now Sam believes all dogs bite. which of the following is a type of reasoning that Sam is using to come to this conclusion

inductive

when viewed from the window of a moving train, nearby objects seem to pass by more quickly than do more distant objects. this cue for depth perception is called

motion parallex

if you lost the sense of pain in an area of your body its most caused by the damage to what area of the brain

right parietal lobe

if research on eating disorders regularly involve women referred by physicians this is called

sampling bias

Mary went to a party and but 3 new people but can't remember their names. what may have led her to not remember

she never encoded the names into her long term memory

specific phobia differs from generalized anxiety disorder

specific phobia is linked to a particular stimulus, whereas generalized anxiety disorder is not

on an intelligence test, the number of questions an individual answers correctly is meaningless without which of the following

standardization

Which explanations most clearly demonstrates an internal attribution for the reason a student fell asleep in class?

student does not care about the class

as a result of being hypnotized, an individual may not feel the hypnotist touching her arm because of

suggestibility

the human desire for social interaction, social acceptance, and social affiliation is for

survival

the reason for poor multitasking performance is that people

switch their attraction rapidly from task to task, missing critical information...

ben was enjoying a nice walk outside he then saw a bear and started to sweat and his pupils dilated. these changes are closely related to the function of

sympathetic nervous system

which of the following treatments would be most effective for someone who experiences a rapid heartbeat, lightheadedness and nausea when speaking in public

systematic desensitization

student voluntaries in psychology labs might not apply to the general population because

the sample is not randomly chosen and therefore may not be a representative sample

In classical conditioning, stimulus generalization occurs when an organism responds

to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimuli

Tina is reading an important letter spills water and continues to read this is called

top down processing

studies indicate that people who are inartistically motivated compared to extrinsically motivated tend to

work harder and enjoy their work more