AP Psychology: Treatment Schoology
A famous 12-step program is associated with
AA
The psychologist known for challenging people's absurd self-defeating ideas is
Albert Ellis
Which drug enhances the benefits of exposure therapy and helps relieve the symptoms of PTSD and OCD?
D-cycloserine
Rapidly moving one's eyes while recalling traumatic experiences is most descriptive of
EMDR
Counterconditioning techniques were derived from principles first developed by
Ivan Pavlov
The counterconditioning technique developed by Mary Cover Jones was refined by
Joseph Wolpe
The first psychological therapy was introduced by
Sigmund Freud
Which drug has provided the most help to schizophrenia patients experiencing auditory hallucinations and paranoia?
Thorazine
Meta-analysis refers to
a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different studies.
To encourage Mrs. Coleman, a withdrawn schizophrenia patient, to be more socially active, institutional staff members give her small plastic cards whenever she talks to someone. She is allowed to exchange these cards for candy and cigarettes. Staff members are making use of
a token economy
Which drugs are designed to depress central nervous system activity?
antianxiety drugs
Which drugs appear to produce therapeutic effects by blocking receptor sites for dopamine?
antipsychotic drugs
Systematic desensitization involves
associating a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli.
In which form of therapy is unwanted behavior systematically associated with unpleasant experiences?
aversive conditioning
Two counterconditioning techniques for replacing unwanted responses include
aversive conditioning and exposure therapy.
The healing power of insight and self-awareness is LEAST likely to be emphasized by ________ therapists.
behavior
The practice of ________ is based on the application of operant conditioning principles.
behavior modification
Because Gretchen is afraid of contracting infectious diseases, she compulsively avoids shaking people's hands or touching doorknobs. Research suggests that an especially effective treatment for her difficulty would involve
behavior therapy
Schizophrenia is a disorder that is MOST likely to be treated with
biomedical therapies
Treating the mind and body as independent entities seems especially inappropriate to those who take a ________ approach to therapy.
biopsychosocial
Lithium has been found to be especially effective in the treatment of
bipolar disorder
Which drug dampens responsiveness to irrelevant stimuli in schizophrenia patients with positive symptoms?
chlorpromazine
Empathic understanding of the patient's subjective experiences is a major goal of a
client-centered therapist
Carl Rogers is known for the development of
client-centered therapy
Psychologists with expertise in research, the assessment of psychological disorders, and the practice of psychotherapy are typically
clinical psychologists.
Although originally trained in Freudian techniques, Aaron Beck developed a ________ therapy for depression.
cognitive
Which form of psychotherapy is especially effective in coping with depression and reducing suicide risk?
cognitive therapy
Which therapeutic approach emphasizes that people are often disturbed because of their negative interpretations of events?
cognitive therapy
An integrated therapy that aims to modify both self-defeating thinking and maladaptive actions is known as
cognitive-behavioral therapy.
In classical conditioning therapies, maladaptive symptoms are usually considered to be
conditioned responses
The best psychotherapy outcome studies are randomized clinical trials comparing treatment groups with ________ groups.
control
Electroconvulsive therapy has proven to be effective in the treatment of
depression
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation shows greatest promise for the treatment of
depression
Selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors are frequently prescribed for the treatment of
depression
Tardive dyskinesia is often associated with long-term use of drugs that occupy certain ________ receptor sites.
dopamine
An important component of psychoanalysis is
dream analysis
Dr. Genscher believes that most psychological disorders result from chemical abnormalities. In her work as a therapist, Dr. Genscher is most likely to make use of
drug therapies
The biomedical treatment most widely used today is
drug therapy
Which form of therapy has most directly contributed to the sharp reduction in the number of residents in U.S. mental hospitals?
drug therapy
Some antidepressants block the reuptake or breakdown of both serotonin and another neurotransmitter, norepinephrine. These antidepressants are called
dual-action drugs.
As a therapist, Dr. Cioffi often uses systematic desensitization. She also considers active listening to be an invaluable therapeutic tool, and she frequently makes use of free association. Dr. Cioffi's therapeutic approach would best be described as
eclectic
Deep-brain stimulation involves the implantation of ________ into the cortex.
electrodes
SSRIs are prescribed to
elevate arousal and mood.
After performing a meta-analysis of some 475 psychotherapy outcome studies, Smith and her colleagues reported in 1980 that
evidence supports the efficacy of psychotherapy.
Increasingly, insurer and government support for mental health services requires
evidence-based practice.
In 1924, Mary Cover Jones reported that 3-year-old Peter lost his fear of rabbits when a rabbit was repeatedly presented while Peter was eating a tasty snack. This episode best illustrated the potential usefulness of
exposure therapies
Which of the following scientifically unsupported treatment approaches should be avoided?
facilitated communication
Which form of therapy is most likely to emphasize the importance of examining a person's role within a social system?
family therapy
Freud is to ________ as Rogers is to ________.
free association; active listening
Three benefits attributed to all psychotherapies are
hope, a new perspective, and a caring relationship.
Instead of focusing on the cure of psychological disorders, ________ therapies seek to promote personal growth and self-fulfillment.
humanistic
The psychoanalytic and humanistic therapies are often referred to as
insight therapies
Research has shown that clients' level of satisfaction with psychotherapy
is unrelated to the level of training and experience of their therapists.
Cognitive therapy works, top-down, by changing thought processes. Antidepressant drugs work, bottom-up, on the emotion-forming
limbic system
Inserting a medical instrument through each eye socket was part of a treatment known as
lobotomy
Depakote, a drug originally used to treat epilepsy, more recently has been found to be effective in the control of
manic episodes
One possible explanation for the delayed effect of antidepressant drugs is that the increased availability of serotonin seems to promote
neurogenesis
Statistical summaries of psychotherapy outcome studies indicate that
no single form of therapy proves consistently superior to the others.
Clients' perceptions of the effectiveness of psychotherapy are often misleading because clients
often need to convince themselves that they didn't waste their money on therapy.
Which form of psychotherapy is LEAST likely to occur in therapist-led small groups?
paychoanalysis
Virtual reality exposure therapy is most likely to prove effective in the treatment of
phobias
Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms following the discontinued use of an antianxiety drug are indicative of
physiological dependence.
Which approach would attempt to minimize psychological disorders by working to reduce the incidence of child abuse and illiteracy in society?
preventive mental health
Relaxing one muscle group after another until one achieves a completely relaxed state of comfort is called ________ relaxation.
progressive
Dr. Miller prescribes drugs for the treatment of chronic depression, and she encourages rest and relaxation training for clients suffering from excessive anxiety. It is most likely that Dr. Miller is a
psychiatrist.
In the United States, managed health care has severely limited the length of mental health services that may be covered by insurance. This is particularly likely to discourage the widespread practice of
psychoanalysis
Mr. Choi's therapist wants to help him become aware of his conflicting childhood feelings of love and hate for his parents. The therapist's goal best reflects a primary aim of
psychoanalysis
Freud's techniques and assumptions are most evident in today's
psychodynamic therapies.
The study of the effect of drugs on mind and behavior is called:
psychopharmacology.
The least used biomedical intervention for changing behavior is
psychosurgery
A trained therapist who uses psychological techniques to assist someone to overcome excessive anxiety would generally be best described as a
psychotherapist
Psychological disorders that researchers believe are learned, such as phobias, are most likely to be treated with
psychotherapy
Although Shawn felt terribly depressed when he began psychotherapy, he was much happier by the time he had completed therapy. It would be reasonable to attribute some of his improvement to
regression toward the mean
Systematic desensitization is based on the idea that ________ facilitates the elimination of fear.
relaxation
Which of the following biomedical treatments provides some of the benefits of ECT without triggering seizures or memory loss?
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
According to Freud, a patient's hesitation to free associate is most likely a sign of
resistance
Cognitive therapists are most likely to emphasize that emotional disturbances result from
self-blaming and overgeneralized explanations of bad events.
In promoting therapeutic life-style change, Stephen Ilardi and his colleagues note that human brains and bodies were designed for physical activity and
social engagement
Many professionals outside the field of psychology are prepared to offer psychotherapy in the process of completing a graduate program in
social work
Which of the following is a form of cognitive therapy?
stress inoculation training
A psychodynamic therapist is most likely to
suggest interpretive insights regarding patients' difficulties.
Which of the following best illustrates a form of psychotherapy?
systematic desensitization
Which of the following techniques is derived from classical conditioning principles?
systematic desensitization
People often enter psychotherapy during a period of crisis in their lives. This helps us understand why they
tend to overestimate the effectiveness of their psychotherapy.
Double-blind studies enable researchers to assess the extent to which drug therapy outcomes are attributable to
the placebo effect
The beneficial consequence of a person's expecting that a treatment will be therapeutic is known as
the placebo effect
Aerobic exercise, adequate sleep, light exposure, and social engagement are important components of
therapeutic life-style change.
Therapy outcome studies indicate that highly religious people may prefer and benefit from
therapists with similar religious beliefs.
What would be most helpful for encouraging adults with intellectual disability to make their beds every morning?
token economy
The expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier relationships is known as
transference
Free association involves the
uncensored reporting of any thoughts that come to mind.
Carl Rogers referred to a caring, nonjudgmental attitude as
unconditional positive regard.