AP Pysch 5
How many stages are in Erik Erikson's Theory?
8
At 12 months of age Jeremy shows no more desire to be held by his own parents than by complete strangers. His behavior best illustrates
insecure attachment.
What characteristic stays relatively stable throughout our lives?
intelligence
Cognitive development refers to how people...
learn to use different mental processes properly
The complete cessation of a woman's menstrual cycles is called ____.
menopause
It is understood that in the Concrete Operational stage, children have become empathetic or capable of this feeling
true
Parenting styles can be divided into four categories, which vary along ____
two dimensions: parental support and behavioral expectations
During the course of successful prenatal development, a human organism begins as a(n)
zygote and finally develops into a fetus.
Who is among those least likely to develop dementia as he or she ages?
Jack, who participates in 20 minutes or more of tai chi and brisk walking every day
Which of the following types of intelligence is most likely to change due to aging?
fluid intelligence
Which of the following is true of Lev Vygotsky's view of cognitive development?
A child gains knowledge of the world by interacting socially and collaboratively with parents, teachers, and other members of the community.
What is Fluid Intelligence?
Ability to solve problems and use logic
What is Crystallized Intelligence?
Ability to use prior knowledge and recite facts
What does Erikson mean by 'integrity'?
Acceptance of life in its fullness
The Albertsons establish and enforce rules for their children to follow. They give reasons for the rules and invite their teenagers to join in the discussion when new rules are being made. Psychologists would characterize the Albertsons as ______ parents.
authoritative
What is Dementia?
Decline in mental ability
_________ psychology studies how we grow into who we are.
Developmental
Paul is a senior in high school and doesn't have a clue what he wants to do in the fall. Not only does Paul not know where he wants to go, he doesn't really care. According to Marcia, Paul is most likely in which identity stage?
Diffusion
Mary's mother is a doctor. When Mary was only 5 her mother bought her a playschool Stethoscope and thermometer. When asked what she was going to do after high school graduation, Mary claimed she was going to go to school to become a doctor. According to Marcia, Mary is most likely in which identity stage?
Foreclosure
According to Erikson what is the crises of adolescence?
Identity v Role confusion
What is the name of the stage for young adults (college age)?
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Peter is trying to decide which college is best for him. He has spent hours researching schools online and has scheduled numerous college visits. Although Peter has a decent idea where he wants to attend school, he still has not made up his mind where to go. According to Marcia, Peter is in which identity stage?
Moratorium
What is generativity?
People settling into their life, making progress in their career, and participating in activities
The first time that 4-year-old Sarah saw her older brother play a flute, she thought it was simply a large whistle. Sarah's initial understanding of the flute best illustrates the process of
assimilation.
In this part of the Preoperational stage, children prioritize
Themselves
The emotional bonding linking an infant to a parent or caregiver is called
attachment
Psychologists describe child-rearing in which rules are imposed without explanation as a(n) ________ style.
authoritarian
Ethan, a 5-year-old with autism spectrum disorder, often rocks back and forth repetitively. He also gets upset if he cannot follow each step of his familiar routines. A possible source of repetitive or ritualistic behavior is ____.
a failure to develop a normal theory of mind
Gender role refers to;
a set of expected behaviors for males and females.
When presented with new information that requires an individual to revise his or her beliefs, an individual most clearly illustrates the process of
accommodation.
One of the most consistently damaging teratogens is
alcohol
Vygotsky believed that cognitive development was dependant on...
all of the answers(the social environment, language, the cultural environment)
The genetics and the environment start affecting our development...
before we are born
Piaget is best known for his interest in the process of ________ development.
cognitive
Luis is 10 years old. He is becoming quite good at arguing with his parents over such topics as what his bedtime should be and whether he has eaten enough of his dinner to have dessert. He loves toys and projects that involve hands-on learning, but cannot yet handle abstract concepts. According to Piaget, Luis is in the ____ stage of cognitive development.
concrete operations stage
According to Piaget's theory, cognitive abilities develop through regular stages. This idea is a classic example of the ____ approach.
discontinuity
Four-year-old Jennifer mistakenly believes that her mother would like to receive a toy doll as a Christmas present. This best illustrates Piaget's concept of
egocentrism.
The heart begins to beat during the ________ period of prenatal development.
embryonic
According to Piaget, all our schemas are independent of one another and we create new ones without referring to other ones
false
In this part of the Preoperational stage, children find it easy to see a problem from many angles to find solutions
false
Piaget was wrong because he believed that the way stages worked was fixed to specific ages
false
Alexa is 15 years old. She is very involved in environmental issues, including broad issues such as finding alternatives to fossil fuels and the protection of biodiversity on the planet. According to Piaget, Alexa is in the ____ stage of cognitive development.
formal operations stage
A segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a specific protein is called a:
gene
Environmental influences on personality traits are most clearly highlighted by comparing:
identical twins raised together with identical twins raised apart.
In Erikson's work (Erikson, 1968), a consistent, unified sense of self is called
identity.
Lisa attempts to retrieve her bottle after her father hides it under a blanket. This suggests that Lisa has developed a sense of
object permanence.
According to Piaget, schemas are
people's conceptual frameworks for understanding their experiences.
Ashley is a senior in high school. Her parents enjoy her company and have an "open door" policy where her friends are concerned. They are fine with her friends drinking and smoking in the basement as long as one person refrains as the designated driver. Their parenting style is
permissive
Infant monkeys raised with a nourishing wire mother and a nonnourishing cloth mother
preferred the nonnourishing cloth mother.
What is Piaget's name for the stage of development that begins at the age of 2 years and ends at the age of 6 years and is characterized by use of symbols, egocentrism, and limits on the ability to reason logically?
preoperational stage
The body structures that enable reproduction are the
primary sex characteristics.
Excess neural connections in the brain's association areas are reduced through a process of
pruning
If children cannot grasp the principle of conservation, they are unable to
recognize that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape.
Branden is so apathetic about his occupational future that within two years of his high school graduation he had already been fired by four different employers. According to Erikson, Branden best illustrates
role confusion.
Providing children with a safe haven in times of stress contributes most directly to
secure attachment
In the sensorimotor stage, babies know using their ________ , so whatever they don't perceive doesn't exist for them
senses
Olivia understands her world primarily by grasping and sucking easily available objects. Olivia is clearly in Piaget's ________ stage.
sensorimotor
Which of the following represents the correct order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
The major theme of physical and cognitive development in midlife is ____.
stability
A teratogen is a(n)
substance that can cross the placental barrier and harm an unborn child.
According to Piaget's theory, during the concrete operational stage, a child is still unlikely to demonstrate
the ability to think hypothetically.
Chloe can clearly sense when her sister's teasing is intended to be friendly fun or a hostile put-down. This best illustrates that Chloe has developed a(n)
theory of mind
What is an important elaboration of Piagets concept of egocentrism?
theory of mind
Heritability refers to the extent to which:
trait differences among individuals are attributable to genetic variations.
When in college, Greg dreamed of rowing in the Olympics and becoming a surgeon. Now at age 48, he continues to enjoy rowing, although he never made it to the Olympics and he works as an anesthesiologist. His wife and kids are healthy and he is basically content. According to Erikson, he is most likely to experience ____.
generativity
According to Erikson, one key to successful intimacy in adulthood is to ____.
have established a solid identity in adolescence
Professor Edokpa teaches college classes in an evening program, and has students of all ages. Tonight they are discussing whether human rights are universal or vary according to cultural values. One student, Harry, clearly enjoys debating the pros and cons of each position, while another student, Carl, expresses frustration that he can't figure out the correct answer. Harry is engaging in ____ thought.
postformal