AP Pysch 5

How many stages are in Erik Erikson's Theory?

8

At 12 months of age Jeremy shows no more desire to be held by his own parents than by complete strangers. His behavior best illustrates

insecure attachment.

What characteristic stays relatively stable throughout our lives?

intelligence

Cognitive development refers to how people...

learn to use different mental processes properly

The complete cessation of a woman's menstrual cycles is called ____.​

menopause

It is understood that in the Concrete Operational stage, children have become empathetic or capable of this feeling

true

Parenting styles can be divided into four categories, which vary along ____

two dimensions: parental support and behavioral expectations

During the course of successful prenatal development, a human organism begins as a(n)

zygote and finally develops into a fetus.

Who is among those least likely to develop dementia as he or she ages?​

​Jack, who participates in 20 minutes or more of tai chi and brisk walking every day

Which of the following types of intelligence is most likely to change due to aging?​

​fluid intelligence

Which of the following is true of Lev Vygotsky's view of cognitive development?

A child gains knowledge of the world by interacting socially and collaboratively with parents, teachers, and other members of the community.

What is Fluid Intelligence?

Ability to solve problems and use logic

What is Crystallized Intelligence?

Ability to use prior knowledge and recite facts

What does Erikson mean by 'integrity'?

Acceptance of life in its fullness

The Albertsons establish and enforce rules for their children to follow. They give reasons for the rules and invite their teenagers to join in the discussion when new rules are being made. Psychologists would characterize the Albertsons as ______ parents.

authoritative

What is Dementia?

Decline in mental ability

_________ psychology studies how we grow into who we are.

Developmental

Paul is a senior in high school and doesn't have a clue what he wants to do in the fall. Not only does Paul not know where he wants to go, he doesn't really care. According to Marcia, Paul is most likely in which identity stage?

Diffusion

Mary's mother is a doctor. When Mary was only 5 her mother bought her a playschool Stethoscope and thermometer. When asked what she was going to do after high school graduation, Mary claimed she was going to go to school to become a doctor. According to Marcia, Mary is most likely in which identity stage?

Foreclosure

According to Erikson what is the crises of adolescence?

Identity v Role confusion

What is the name of the stage for young adults (college age)?

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Peter is trying to decide which college is best for him. He has spent hours researching schools online and has scheduled numerous college visits. Although Peter has a decent idea where he wants to attend school, he still has not made up his mind where to go. According to Marcia, Peter is in which identity stage?

Moratorium

What is generativity?

People settling into their life, making progress in their career, and participating in activities

The first time that 4-year-old Sarah saw her older brother play a flute, she thought it was simply a large whistle. Sarah's initial understanding of the flute best illustrates the process of

assimilation.

In this part of the Preoperational stage, children prioritize

Themselves

The emotional bonding linking an infant to a parent or caregiver is called

attachment

Psychologists describe child-rearing in which rules are imposed without explanation as a(n) ________ style.

authoritarian

Ethan, a 5-year-old with autism spectrum disorder, often rocks back and forth repetitively. He also gets upset if he cannot follow each step of his familiar routines. A possible source of repetitive or ritualistic behavior is ____.

a failure to develop a normal theory of mind

Gender role refers to;

a set of expected behaviors for males and females.

When presented with new information that requires an individual to revise his or her beliefs, an individual most clearly illustrates the process of

accommodation.

One of the most consistently damaging teratogens is

alcohol

Vygotsky believed that cognitive development was dependant on...

all of the answers(the social environment, language, the cultural environment)

The genetics and the environment start affecting our development...

before we are born

Piaget is best known for his interest in the process of ________ development.

cognitive

Luis is 10 years old. He is becoming quite good at arguing with his parents over such topics as what his bedtime should be and whether he has eaten enough of his dinner to have dessert. He loves toys and projects that involve hands-on learning, but cannot yet handle abstract concepts. According to Piaget, Luis is in the ____ stage of cognitive development.

concrete operations stage

According to Piaget's theory, cognitive abilities develop through regular stages. This idea is a classic example of the ____ approach.

discontinuity

Four-year-old Jennifer mistakenly believes that her mother would like to receive a toy doll as a Christmas present. This best illustrates Piaget's concept of

egocentrism.

The heart begins to beat during the ________ period of prenatal development.

embryonic

According to Piaget, all our schemas are independent of one another and we create new ones without referring to other ones

false

In this part of the Preoperational stage, children find it easy to see a problem from many angles to find solutions

false

Piaget was wrong because he believed that the way stages worked was fixed to specific ages

false

Alexa is 15 years old. She is very involved in environmental issues, including broad issues such as finding alternatives to fossil fuels and the protection of biodiversity on the planet. According to Piaget, Alexa is in the ____ stage of cognitive development.

formal operations stage

A segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a specific protein is called a:

gene

Environmental influences on personality traits are most clearly highlighted by comparing:

identical twins raised together with identical twins raised apart.

In Erikson's work (Erikson, 1968), a consistent, unified sense of self is called

identity.

Lisa attempts to retrieve her bottle after her father hides it under a blanket. This suggests that Lisa has developed a sense of

object permanence.

According to Piaget, schemas are

people's conceptual frameworks for understanding their experiences.

Ashley is a senior in high school. Her parents enjoy her company and have an "open door" policy where her friends are concerned. They are fine with her friends drinking and smoking in the basement as long as one person refrains as the designated driver. Their parenting style is

permissive

Infant monkeys raised with a nourishing wire mother and a nonnourishing cloth mother

preferred the nonnourishing cloth mother.

What is Piaget's name for the stage of development that begins at the age of 2 years and ends at the age of 6 years and is characterized by use of symbols, egocentrism, and limits on the ability to reason logically?

preoperational stage

The body structures that enable reproduction are the

primary sex characteristics.

Excess neural connections in the brain's association areas are reduced through a process of

pruning

If children cannot grasp the principle of conservation, they are unable to

recognize that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape.

Branden is so apathetic about his occupational future that within two years of his high school graduation he had already been fired by four different employers. According to Erikson, Branden best illustrates

role confusion.

Providing children with a safe haven in times of stress contributes most directly to

secure attachment

In the sensorimotor stage, babies know using their ________ , so whatever they don't perceive doesn't exist for them

senses

Olivia understands her world primarily by grasping and sucking easily available objects. Olivia is clearly in Piaget's ________ stage.

sensorimotor

Which of the following represents the correct order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

The major theme of physical and cognitive development in midlife is ____.​

stability

A teratogen is a(n)

substance that can cross the placental barrier and harm an unborn child.

According to Piaget's theory, during the concrete operational stage, a child is still unlikely to demonstrate

the ability to think hypothetically.

Chloe can clearly sense when her sister's teasing is intended to be friendly fun or a hostile put-down. This best illustrates that Chloe has developed a(n)

theory of mind

What is an important elaboration of Piagets concept of egocentrism?

theory of mind

Heritability refers to the extent to which:

trait differences among individuals are attributable to genetic variations.

When in college, Greg dreamed of rowing in the Olympics and becoming a surgeon. Now at age 48, he continues to enjoy rowing, although he never made it to the Olympics and he works as an anesthesiologist. His wife and kids are healthy and he is basically content. According to Erikson, he is most likely to experience ____.​

​generativity

According to Erikson, one key to successful intimacy in adulthood is to ____.

​have established a solid identity in adolescence

Professor Edokpa teaches college classes in an evening program, and has students of all ages. Tonight they are discussing whether human rights are universal or vary according to cultural values. One student, Harry, clearly enjoys debating the pros and cons of each position, while another student, Carl, expresses frustration that he can't figure out the correct answer. Harry is engaging in ____ thought.

​postformal