AP Pysch Unit 2

Limbic system contains what

thalamus, hypothalamus, reticular formation, basal ganglia, pons, amygdala, hippocampus, medulla

Immediately after firing, a neuron is incapable of responding to stimulation. This condition is referred to as

the absolute refractory phase

The sequence of shifts in the electrical charge of a neuron is called

the action potential

Stimulation of portions of the left temporal lobe of the brain during surgery will cause the patient to

hear sounds

The brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the

hippocampus

Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in which of the following problems

A loss of motor coordination

The autonomic nervous system is most directly involved in

digesting food

Brain damage that leaves a person capable of understanding speech but with an impaired ability to produce speech most likely indicates injury to which of the following

Broca's area

Which of the following parts of the brain is most active in decision-making

Cerebral cortex

Neurotransmitters that function like the drug morphine and are involved in pain modulation include what

Endorphins

In extreme cases, surgically severing the corpus callosum is a treatment for which of the following conditions

Epilepsy

Following a mild stroke, Sam ate much more than normal and gained 50 pounds within a year. What part of the brain was most likely damaged

Hypothalamus

Which of the following statements best describes the effect of alcohol on human functioning

It depresses the central nervous system.

Which of the following is true about the pons

It is the region of the brain that is most closely associated with sleep and arousal.

Which of the following is true of the reticular activating system

It regulates levels of arousal.

The person most strongly associated with identifying deficits in the motor speech area and in the ability to produce speech is

Paul Broca

James was born with a condition that makes it impossible for him to metabolize certain proteins. Due to early screening and a special diet, he was able to avoid developing potentially serious symptoms. What disorder does james show

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

what is the correct sequence of the neural chain of events set in motion by an environmental stimulus?

Receptors, afferent neurons, interneurons, efferent neurons, effectorsthe action potential

The drugs that block the reabsorption of neurotransmitters in the synapse during neural transmission are

SSRIs

In right-handed individuals, which of the following abilities is predominantly a function of the right hemisphere of the brain

Spatial reasoning

Which of the following characteristics is generally associated with the use of hallucinogens?

The experience of vivid, distorted images that are not based on sensory input

Which of the following biological systems is most likely responsible for an increase in heart rate while experiencing anxiety

The sympathetic nervous system

The biological clock that operates in human beings to adjust their functioning to night-and-day periodicity is referred to as

a circadian rhythm

Reuptake of a neurotransmitter refers to

absorption of the neurotransmitter into the terminal buttons of the sending neuron

The explanation that holds that dreams are merely the brain's attempt to make sense of meaningless patterns of brain activity during sleep is called the

activation-synthesis theory

Curare blocks action at acetylcholine synapses and causes paralysis. This drug is an example of an

antagonist

A tricyclic antidepressant, block serotonin and norepinephrine transporters.

antagonist drug

When excitatory neurotransmitters stimulate a single neuron, the neuron

becomes more likely to produce an action potential

In adult humans, which of the following is typically true of REM sleep

correlated with dreams

What is reduced during a fight-or-flight reaction

digestion

What neurotransmitters has been linked to Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia?

dopamine

Most glands in the human body are a part of which system

endocrine

Which of the following systems produces, circulates, and regulates levels of hormones in the body

endocrine system

The role of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is to

establish homeostasis after a fight-or-flight response

The part of the endocrine system that is responsible for overseeing and regulating the release of hormones across the entire body is the

hypothalamus

Which chemical is most closely associated with sleep

melatonin

The result of the evolutionary process that preserves traits that enhance the adaptation of an organism and suppresses traits that do not is called

natural selection

The hypothesis that intelligence is in part inherited is best supported by the fact that the IQ correlation for

pairs of identical twins is greater than for pairs of fraternal twins

The process by which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the neuron after it fires is called

reuptake

During the night, Alicia stops breathing repeatedly, frequently gasps for air, and snores loudly at regular intervals. what is she most likely experiencing

sleep apnea

Abnormalities in calcium regulation are most likely to arise from problems with

the parathyroid gland

The time shortly after a neuron fires is referred to as

the refractory period

Juana accidentally touched a hot iron. She immediately drew back her hand. Where was the signal sent

the spinal cord.

During neuronal firing, the part of the neuron that acts as an insulator and conductor to speed the electrical impulse as it travels down the axon is

the terminal button

Damage to the occipital lobe would most likely affect a person's

vision

Getting a headache from not having a morning coffee after substantial daily coffee consumption for several months is most likely due to

withdrawal