AP Pysch Unit 2
Limbic system contains what
thalamus, hypothalamus, reticular formation, basal ganglia, pons, amygdala, hippocampus, medulla
Immediately after firing, a neuron is incapable of responding to stimulation. This condition is referred to as
the absolute refractory phase
The sequence of shifts in the electrical charge of a neuron is called
the action potential
Stimulation of portions of the left temporal lobe of the brain during surgery will cause the patient to
hear sounds
The brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the
hippocampus
Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in which of the following problems
A loss of motor coordination
The autonomic nervous system is most directly involved in
digesting food
Brain damage that leaves a person capable of understanding speech but with an impaired ability to produce speech most likely indicates injury to which of the following
Broca's area
Which of the following parts of the brain is most active in decision-making
Cerebral cortex
Neurotransmitters that function like the drug morphine and are involved in pain modulation include what
Endorphins
In extreme cases, surgically severing the corpus callosum is a treatment for which of the following conditions
Epilepsy
Following a mild stroke, Sam ate much more than normal and gained 50 pounds within a year. What part of the brain was most likely damaged
Hypothalamus
Which of the following statements best describes the effect of alcohol on human functioning
It depresses the central nervous system.
Which of the following is true about the pons
It is the region of the brain that is most closely associated with sleep and arousal.
Which of the following is true of the reticular activating system
It regulates levels of arousal.
The person most strongly associated with identifying deficits in the motor speech area and in the ability to produce speech is
Paul Broca
James was born with a condition that makes it impossible for him to metabolize certain proteins. Due to early screening and a special diet, he was able to avoid developing potentially serious symptoms. What disorder does james show
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
what is the correct sequence of the neural chain of events set in motion by an environmental stimulus?
Receptors, afferent neurons, interneurons, efferent neurons, effectorsthe action potential
The drugs that block the reabsorption of neurotransmitters in the synapse during neural transmission are
SSRIs
In right-handed individuals, which of the following abilities is predominantly a function of the right hemisphere of the brain
Spatial reasoning
Which of the following characteristics is generally associated with the use of hallucinogens?
The experience of vivid, distorted images that are not based on sensory input
Which of the following biological systems is most likely responsible for an increase in heart rate while experiencing anxiety
The sympathetic nervous system
The biological clock that operates in human beings to adjust their functioning to night-and-day periodicity is referred to as
a circadian rhythm
Reuptake of a neurotransmitter refers to
absorption of the neurotransmitter into the terminal buttons of the sending neuron
The explanation that holds that dreams are merely the brain's attempt to make sense of meaningless patterns of brain activity during sleep is called the
activation-synthesis theory
Curare blocks action at acetylcholine synapses and causes paralysis. This drug is an example of an
antagonist
A tricyclic antidepressant, block serotonin and norepinephrine transporters.
antagonist drug
When excitatory neurotransmitters stimulate a single neuron, the neuron
becomes more likely to produce an action potential
In adult humans, which of the following is typically true of REM sleep
correlated with dreams
What is reduced during a fight-or-flight reaction
digestion
What neurotransmitters has been linked to Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia?
dopamine
Most glands in the human body are a part of which system
endocrine
Which of the following systems produces, circulates, and regulates levels of hormones in the body
endocrine system
The role of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is to
establish homeostasis after a fight-or-flight response
The part of the endocrine system that is responsible for overseeing and regulating the release of hormones across the entire body is the
hypothalamus
Which chemical is most closely associated with sleep
melatonin
The result of the evolutionary process that preserves traits that enhance the adaptation of an organism and suppresses traits that do not is called
natural selection
The hypothesis that intelligence is in part inherited is best supported by the fact that the IQ correlation for
pairs of identical twins is greater than for pairs of fraternal twins
The process by which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the neuron after it fires is called
reuptake
During the night, Alicia stops breathing repeatedly, frequently gasps for air, and snores loudly at regular intervals. what is she most likely experiencing
sleep apnea
Abnormalities in calcium regulation are most likely to arise from problems with
the parathyroid gland
The time shortly after a neuron fires is referred to as
the refractory period
Juana accidentally touched a hot iron. She immediately drew back her hand. Where was the signal sent
the spinal cord.
During neuronal firing, the part of the neuron that acts as an insulator and conductor to speed the electrical impulse as it travels down the axon is
the terminal button
Damage to the occipital lobe would most likely affect a person's
vision
Getting a headache from not having a morning coffee after substantial daily coffee consumption for several months is most likely due to
withdrawal