A+P Quiz Questions

The ribs articulate with the transverse processes of the vertebrae. spinous processes of the vertebrae. pedicles of the vertebrae. laminae of the vertebrae. vertebral foramen.

transverse processes of the vertebrae.

An action potential releases neurotransmitter from a neuron by opening which of the following channels? voltage-gated Na+ channels voltage-gated K+ channels chemically gated Ca2+ channels voltage-gated Ca2+ channels

voltage-gated Ca2+ channels ???

In the skeletal system, compact bone is usually located where bones are not heavily stressed. where stresses arrive from many directions. where stresses come from a limited range of directions. only in a narrow ring around the diaphysis of long bones. in direct contact with articular cartilages.

where stresses come from a limited range of directions.

Jason fractured his pisiform bone in an accident. What part of his body is injured? wrist shoulder leg skull ankle

wrist

The resting potential of a neuron is ________. 0 mV -70 mV -10 mV +10 mV + 70 mV

-70 mV

Paranasal sinuses are located within which of the following bones?(1) frontal bone(2) sphenoid(3) ethmoid(4) maxilla(5) nasal bone 1, 3, 5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 3, 4, 5 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3, 4

1, 2, 3, 4

The tissue type in the body that lines internal passageways is ________ tissue. nervous epithelial contractive muscle connective

epithelial

Which muscle would not move the scapula? pectoralis minor erector spinae rhomboid serratus anterior trapezius

erector spinae

Which of the following accounts for most of the volume of connective tissues? carbohydrates extracellular matrix cells lipid molecules blood vessels

extracellular matrix

Which of the following cartilage types has little ground substance and has a matrix dominated by collagen fibers? hyaline cartilage elastic cartilage transitional cartilage fibrocartilage reticular cartilage

fibrocartilage

Dorsiflexion involves ________ at the ankle joint and ________ of the foot. adduction; flexion of the heel extension; flexion of the sole flexion; elevation of the sole extension; elevation of the heel flexion; elevation of the heel

flexion; elevation of the sole

Changes in the membrane potential that cannot spread far from the site of stimulation are called ________. hyperpolarizations threshold graded potentials action potentials refractories

graded potentials

A stimulus that opens gated potassium ion channels, moving the membrane voltage value below the resting potential value, results in which of the following? hyperpolarization depolarization repolarization summation refraction

hyperpolarization

Which of the following contains large quantities of adipose tissue, blood vessels, and nerve cells, but does not contain any vital organs? reticular layer dermis epidermis hypodermis

hypodermis

Glycolysis acts as the only source of ATP in muscle tissue. occurs in the nucleus. is only active during rest. is an anaerobic process. is the breakdown of pyruvate to glucose.

is an anaerobic process.

A distinct bone marking on the dorsal surface of the scapula is the subscapular fossa infraspinous fossa scapular spine coracoid process glenoid cavity

scapular spine

Which type of epithelium secretes enzymes and buffers in the pancreas and salivary glands? transitional epithelium simple cuboidal stratified squamous simple squamous pseudostratified columnar epithelium

simple cuboidal

The proximal tubule of the nephron (kidney tubule) in the kidney is composed of which type of epithelium? simple cuboidal epithelium stratified squamous epithelium ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

simple cuboidal epithelium

The wall of the alveolus (air sac) in the lung is composed of which type of epithelium? simple columnar epithelium simple squamous epithelium transitional epithelium

simple squamous epithelium

Which of the following is part of the appendicular skeleton? the sternum the manubrium the skull the scapula the vertebrae

the scapula

The knee is proximal to the ankle. Which of these other terms could also be used to correctly describe the relationship between the knee and the ankle? A. The knee is superior to the ankle. B. The knee is contralateral to the ankle. C. The knee is superficial to the ankle. D. The knee is medial to the ankle.

A. The knee is superior to the ankle.

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE regarding skin color? Both carotene and melanin are pigments that affect skin color. UV radiation increases melanin production. Blood vessels in the dermis affect skin color. A person's skin color depends on the number of melanocytes present in the epidermis.

A person's skin color depends on the number of melanocytes present in the epidermis.

Which of the following best describes a motor unit? All muscle fibers in a skeletal muscle. The neuron that stimulates a muscle fiber to contract. A sarcomere that shorten within a single muscle fiber. A pair of muscles that includes a prime mover (agonist) and its antagonist. A single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it supplies.

A single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it supplies.

Which of the following is located in a median position? A. mouth B. Right foot C. lung D. shoulder

A. mouth

Which of the following events most directly occurs due to an action potential generated by the motor neuron? Choose the best answer. ACh is released at the synaptic cleft. AChE breaks down ACh in the synaptic cleft. Na+ rushes into the sarcolemma. ACh binds to ACh receptors. An action potential is generated on the muscle fiber.

ACh is released at the synaptic cleft.

The generation of an action potential in the sarcolemma is short in duration. Which of the following explanations describes why the reaction of the sarcolemma is short in duration? Choose the best answer. Na+ rushes into the cytoplasm of the muscle cell. ACh diffuses across the synaptic cleft toward the sarcolemma. The ACh receptors open ion channels in response to binding. AChE acts to break down the ACh in the synaptic cleft.

AChE acts to break down the ACh in the synaptic cleft.

________ is a loose connective tissue, ________ is a fluid connective tissue, and ________ is a supporting connective tissue. Adipose; blood; bone Adipose; reticular; bone Blood; lymph; adipose Bone; blood; adipose

Adipose; blood; bone

The integumentary system protects deeper structures from which of the following? Infections Dehydration (water loss) Chemicals Physical damage from impacts All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following secretion mechanisms does not match the product the glands secrete? Holocrine secretion: skin oil Apocrine secretion: hormones Merocrine secretion: mucus Apocrine secretion: milk

Apocrine secretion: hormones

Our tissue cells require constant inputs of oxygen and nutrients as well as waste removal. What is the lowest level of organization required to fulfill these needs and keep us alive? A.Tissue level B. Organism level C. Organ level D.Organ system level

B. Organism level

When you shiver when it gets cold, you are demonstrating which of the following functions? A. Respiration B. Responsiveness C. Metabolism D. Movement

B. Responsiveness

Which of the following is a term that can be used instead of dorsal? A. ventral B. posterior C. distal D. lateral

B. posterior

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding muscle tissue? Cardiac muscle tissue can be found in the walls of the blood vessels. Both cardiac and skeletal muscle tissue are striated. Both skeletal and smooth muscle tissue are voluntary. Smooth muscle cells are multinucleated while skeletal muscle cells have one nucleus.

Both cardiac and skeletal muscle tissue are striated.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. All living organisms are capable of responding to changes in their environment. B. All living organisms require metabolism for survival. C. All living organisms are capable of digestion. D. All living organisms are capable of external or internal movement.

C. All living organisms are capable of digestion.

The cranial bones almost entirely surround the brain and protect it. Which of the following terms best describes the relationship between the cranial bones and the brain? A. The cranial bones are proximal to the brain. B. The cranial bones are lateral to the brain. C. The cranial bones are superficial to the brain. D. Cranial bones are anterior to the brain.

C. The cranial bones are superficial to the brain.

Which muscle cell type has visible striations but is not under voluntary control? cardiac smooth skeletal

Cardiac

Which of the following is characteristic of cardiac muscle? Cardiac muscle fibers are multinucleated. Cardiac muscle cells are striated. Cardiac muscle cells achieve tetany with every contraction. Cardiac muscle fibers are faster than skeletal muscles. Neurons that innervate cardiac muscle tissue are under voluntary control.

Cardiac muscle cells are striated.

Which of the following is the simplest level of organization that can do all of the following: reproduce, grow, be responsive, move, and metabolize? A. Organism B. Tissue C. Cell D. Organelle

Cell

Biopsy samples from organs are sent to your lab for staining and then viewing in a microscope. Your area of expertise would be A systemic anatomy B regional anatomy C gross anatomy D histology E regional physiology

D histology

The following events are part of the skin repair process. In which order do they occur? 1.Phagocytosis of pathogens and debris 2. Formation of scar tissue 3. Inflammatory response 4. Formation of scab A. 3,1,2,4 B. 3,1,4,2 C. 1,3,2,4 D. 3,4,1,2

D. 3,4,1,2

Which of the following is NOT correct for anatomical position? A Nose facing forward B. Legs are straight with toes aimed forward C. Arms fully extended D. Palms facing inward towards the thighs

D. Palms facing inward towards the thighs

How are the endocrine organ system and nervous organ system alike? A. One system is more involved with young life, whereas the other becomes more important later in life. B. They both send nerve impulses. C. They both have many disorders associated with them. D. Together, they both regulate most of the activities of the body. E. Each of the systems regulates different activities.

D. Together, they both regulate most of the activities of the body.

The fact that a single defective protein causes cystic fibrosis, a multisystemic illness, proves that A. all organisms are composed of cells B. all cells are independent of each other. C. chemical molecules make up cells D. all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent E. congenital defects can be life threatening.

D. all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent.

If the nurse tells you that the vaccine is to be administered in your brachial region, you will need to uncover your __________. A. upper thigh B. stomach area C. anterior thigh D. arm

D. arm

A difference between mucous membranes and serous membranes is A. the amount of blood vessels lining the cavity wall. B. whether the membrane is thick or thin. C. the density of collagen fibers in the cavity wall. D. whether the cavity is open to the exterior or not. E. whether the tissue is epithelial or connective.

D. whether the cavity is open to the exterior or not.

The peritoneal cavity contains the A.heart B.diaphragm C.thymus D.small intestine E.lungs.

D.small intestine

Binding of the neurotransmitter to its receptor causes the membrane to __________. hyperpolarize depolarize either depolarize or hyperpolarize

either depolarize or hyperpolarize ???

During the contraction cycle, which one of the following steps occurs? Tropomyosin shifts to allow the binding site on myosin to be exposed to actin. With removal of neural stimulation, calcium is quickly returned to the nucleus of the muscle cell. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and binds to myosin. During the power stroke, the myosin head shifts toward the M line of the sarcomere. When ATP binds to myosin, it immediately causes a power stroke.

During the power stroke, the myosin head shifts toward the M line of the sarcomere.

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback? A. An increase in ambient room temperature triggers the thermostat to turn on the heater. B. A severe cut triggers accelerated blood clotting until the bleeding stops. C. An increase in body temperature triggers a neural response that initiates physiological changes to increase body temperature. D. Increased blood sugar stimulates the release of a hormone from the pancreas that stimulates the liver to release blood sugar. E. An increase in normal body temperature triggers heat loss through enhanced blood flow to the skin and increased sweating.

E. An increase in normal body temperature triggers heat loss through enhanced blood flow to the skin and increased sweating.

A small, low-caliber bullet has entered your chest at an angle, through the right lung and then the heart. It is now lodged in heart muscle. The surgeon will have to open some closed cavities of the body and enter those spaces to remove the bullet. What is the order of the cavities and the correct cavities that the surgeon will have to open (starting from the outside)? A. the thoracic cavity, one pleural cavity, other pleural cavity, pericardial cavity B. the thoracic cavity, the pleural cavity, the pericardial cavity, the mediastinum C. the abdominal cavity, the pleural cavity, the pericardial cavity D. the pleural cavity, the thoracic cavity, the pericardial cavity E. the thoracic cavity, the pleural cavity, the mediastinum, the pericardial cavity

E. the thoracic cavity, the pleural cavity, the mediastinum, the pericardial cavity

Identify the structures that are responsible for the stretching of the skin during pregnancy. Elastic fibers found in the reticular layer of the epidermis Elastic fibers found in the papillary layer of the epidermis Elastic fibers found in the reticular layer of the dermis Collagen fibers found in the papillary layer of the dermis

Elastic fibers found in the reticular layer of the dermis

Name bone that articulates with the proximal end of the tibia. Calcaneus Fibularis Fibula Femur

Femur

Which of the following occurs in intramembranous ossification? Ossification centers are formed as blood vessels and osteoblasts enter the centers of the epiphyses. Fibrous connective tissue is converted to bone tissue, which first resembles spongy bone. As the bone enlarges, osteoclasts break down some of the spongy bone and create a marrow cavity. Hyaline cartilage model forms.Periosteum forms a collar around the cartilage.

Fibrous connective tissue is converted to bone tissue, which first resembles spongy bone.

Identify the bone found lateral to the tibia. Fibularis Fibula Calcaneus Femur

Fibula

Which of the following bones is NOT a facial bone? Mandible Lacrimal Frontal Zygomatic

Frontal

The skin provides a somewhat waterproof outer shell that helps the body retain water. However, one of the integument's other functions involves losing water (along with salts and organic wastes). Which function is that? Calcium uptake Vitamin D synthesis Heat loss through sweating Protection from ultraviolet radiation

Heat loss through sweating

The nail ________ covers the nail bed. root eponychium body cuticle lunula

body

Fibrous cartilage discs that act as shock absorbers in joints are called ________. intervertebral discs bursae synovial capsules tendons menisci

menisci

The flat surface of the tibia that articulates with the femur is the superior surface of which landmark? Medial and lateral condyles Patellar surface Medial malleolus Head

Medial and lateral condyles

Which part of the leg does the tibia form? Medial leg Lateral thigh Medial thigh Lateral leg

Medial leg

Identify the anatomical landmark resulting in a noticeable bump found on the medial surface of the ankle. Styloid process Lateral malleolus Medial malleolus Medial condyle

Medial malleolus

Which of the following statements is true concerning motor units? Movement of the eyeball requires fewer muscle fibers with less tension being produced. Lesser tension is required in lifting a dumbbell than in lifting a cup of coffee. A motor unit consists of all the muscle fibers it controls as well as the area of the spinal cord where it originates. An increased number of motor neurons is needed in precise movements such as lifting a cup of coffee than in lifting a dumbbell. A small number of muscle fibers with increased tension is needed in large, gross movements.

Movement of the eyeball requires fewer muscle fibers with less tension being produced.

Why do individual muscle twitches have to be added together, as in summation or tetanus? Multiple twitches add up to an increase in muscle fiber tension, which increases the strength of the muscle. There has to be a critical mass of muscle twitches for calcium to be released into the muscle cell. Only added twitches produce any muscle contraction: A fiber undergoing a muscle twitch does not contract at all. Not enough acetylcholine will be produced for contraction without multiple twitches. Not enough ATP is generated by one muscle twitch.

Multiple twitches add up to an increase in muscle fiber tension, which increases the strength of the muscle.

Which statement regarding "heat loss" is true? Heat loss is reduced when blood flow to the skin increases. Muscle contractions play an important role in the maintenance of normal body temperature. When skeletal muscles are contracting at peak levels, body temperature drops. Shivering in a cold environment results in higher levels of heat loss. Muscle activity does not generate heat.

Muscle contractions play an important role in the maintenance of normal body temperature.

Which statement is true about nervous tissue? Not all nervous tissue is located within the brain and spinal cord. Neuroglial cells are the cells that conduct electrical impulses. Cells of the nervous tissue repair themselves at a very fast rate. Neurons only communicate with other neurons. Neurons are very short cells.

Not all nervous tissue is located within the brain and spinal cord.

Which of the three muscle cell types has multiple nuclei? smooth cardiac skeletal

Skeletal

Which statement regarding skeletal muscle is true? Skeletal muscles contain blood vessels. Skeletal muscles do not contain connective tissue. Skeletal muscles are directly, but not indirectly, attached to bones. Skeletal muscles do not contain nervous tissue. Skeletal muscles do not maintain body temperature.

Skeletal muscles contain blood vessels.

Muscles that produce facial expressions pull on which of the following? Skin Bones Other muscles All of the above Facial expressions do not involve muscles.

Skin

Which part of the neuron (a specialized nerve cell) receives signals from other cells and is also the main metabolic region of the neuron? soma axon dendrites

Soma

What role does the female integumentary system have in human reproduction? Specialized integumentary glands produce milk. Skin cells are used to produce egg and sperm. It helps the body retain fluid. It produces vitamin D3, which is a major reproductive hormone.

Specialized integumentary glands produce milk.

Which is the most logical reason for an elderly person's higher potential to be prone to skin infections, compared to a younger person? The hair is thinner in the elderly Stem cell activity in the epidermis declines in the elderly There are fewer melanocytes in the skin of a younger person Bone strength decreases in the elderly The blood supply to the dermis is reduced in the skin of a young person.

Stem cell activity in the epidermis declines in the elderly

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the muscular system? Synthesize vitamin D3 Guard the body's entrances and exits Maintain posture Move the skeleton Help maintain body temperature

Synthesize vitamin D3

Why is the elbow joint considered to be extremely stable? Powerful muscles originating on the trunk, shoulder girdle, and humerus cover the joint capsule. A rotator cuff is associated with the joint. It has especially large and numerous bursae. The bony surfaces of the humerus and ulna interlock. Its relatively loose joint capsule permits an extensive range of motion.

The bony surfaces of the humerus and ulna interlock.

Which of the following statements is true? Choose the best answer. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is stored in vesicles within the axon terminal of the motor neuron. The neurotransmitter is stored in the axon terminal of the motor neuron. The sarcolemma is the axon terminal membrane. The acetylcholine (ACh) receptors are located on the myofibril membrane.

The neurotransmitter is stored in the axon terminal of the motor neuron.

Identify the blunt elevation found on the anterior surface of the tibia between the lateral and medial condyles. Tibial tuberosity Articular surface of the medial condyle Intercondylar eminence Medial malleolus

Tibial tuberosity

What is the main role of vitamin D3 produced in the skin? Water retention Excretion of salts Uptake of calcium Temperature regulation Protects us from chemical damage

Uptake of calcium

Your doctor suggests that you increase your calcium intake to maintain your healthy bones. You do not understand why the doctor suggested this since you are a healthy 32-year-old. What was the doctor's reasoning? Calcium intake will increase the activity of osteoblasts, causing more bone to be formed. The increased calcium intake will then increase your vitamin D blood level. As you get older you are more prone to arthritis, and calcium reduces that problem. You are at an age where calcium levels in the bone may start to subside, producing weaker bones later in life. The doctor is afraid that you will fall and break a bone.

You are at an age where calcium levels in the bone may start to subside, producing weaker bones later in life.

You and your twin sister, both 18 years of age, were in a car accident. She had a clean break across the humerus and the upper arm bone-no bleeding, no break in the skin. However, you have a very messy break of the distal tibia in the lower leg, requiring pins to be inserted. Which statement is true regarding the differences in your break and your sister's break? Since her fracture did not penetrate through skin, it will not show up on an X-ray, whereas yours will. Your damage is called a fracture, whereas hers is called a break. Your break will not heal whereas her fracture will heal fine. You will be given antibiotics to reduce bacterial infection, whereas your sister will not. You are given calcium to take but your sister is not.

You will be given antibiotics to reduce bacterial infection, whereas your sister will not.

The part of the peripheral nervous system that brings information to the central nervous system is the efferent division. afferent division. autonomic division. motor division. somatic division.

afferent division.

Interneurons are found between neurons and their effectors. carry only sensory impulses. carry only motor impulses. only connect motor neurons to other motor neurons. are found only in the central nervous system.

are found only in the central nervous system.

Smooth muscle cells have to be innervated by motor neurons. are larger than cardiac muscle cells. are multinucleate. are spindle-shaped. contain intercalated discs.

are spindle-shaped.

Active muscles generate ________. blood and sodium heat and oxygen sodium and oxygen oxygen and carbon dioxide carbon dioxide and heat

carbon dioxide and heat

Binding of a neurotransmitter to its receptors opens __________ channels on the __________ membrane. voltage-gated; postsynaptic voltage-gated; presynaptic chemically gated; presynaptic chemically gated; postsynaptic

chemically gated; postsynaptic ???

During the action potential, when does sodium permeability initially DECREASE? during hyperpolarization during the rising phase of depolarization during repolarization during the peak of depolarization

during the peak of depolarization ???

Perspiration that is produced by apocrine sweat glands is limited to the hair follicles of the axilla, nipples, and groin helps to cool the surface of the skin when it evaporates contains electrolytes and waste products, such as urea is more than 99 percent water contains astringent compounds that contract the skin and its sweat gland pores

is limited to the hair follicles of the axilla, nipples, and groin

"Anaerobic endurance" is used during long, slow athletic activities. is determined by the availability of carbohydrates, lipids, or amino acids for breakdown. is exemplified by contractions of fast muscle fibers. is the length of time a muscle can continue to contract while supported by mitochondrial activities. does not promote muscle hypertrophy.

is the length of time a muscle can continue to contract while supported by mitochondrial activities.

As you unsuccessfully attempt to lift the 300-pound weights off the ground, you are demonstrating ________. hypertonic contraction isometric contraction hypotonic contraction isotonic contraction

isometric contraction

A thickened area of scar tissue that is covered by a shiny, smooth epidermal surface is called a(n) ________. abrasion keloid callus granulation tissue scab

keloid

A primary function of the skeletal system is maintaining the normal concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in body fluids facilitating transmission of nerve impulses absorbing the shock of unexpected rapid body movements contracting muscles cushioning abdominal organs such as the kidneys

maintaining the normal concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in body fluids

The most severe type of skin cancer is most likely to develop from nonpigmented epithelial cells keratinocytes melanocytes nonpigmented dermal cells pigmented basal cells.

melanocytes

Saltatory propagation occurs in _________ axons, in which action potentials _________. Select the best answer. myelinated; move continuously along the axon toward the axon hillock unmyelinated; move from one node of Ranvier to another unmyelinated; spread by depolarizing the adjacent region of the axon membrane myelinated; move from one node of Ranvier to another

myelinated; move from one node of Ranvier to another ???

Demyelination is the progressive destruction of myelin sheaths, both in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The result is a gradual loss of sensation and motor control that leaves affected body regions numb and paralyzed. One demyelination disorder is multiple sclerosis. What is the name of the glial cell that produces myelin in the central nervous system? Schwann cells astrocytes oligodendrocytes ependymal cells

oligodendrocytes

The difference in the action when comparing the biceps brachii to the flexor carpi radialis, is one moves the ulna and the other moves the radius. the shapes of the two muscles differ. one muscle flexes the hand at the wrist and the other flexes the entire forearm. one of these muscles is voluntary while the other is involuntary. one muscle flexes the arm and the other extends the arm.

one muscle flexes the hand at the wrist and the other flexes the entire forearm.

Which of the following matches the cell with its function? osteoblasts: ossification osteoclasts: ossification osteocytes: resorption osteoblasts: maintenance of normal bone structure

osteoblasts: ossification

In a synapse, neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles located in the __________. presynaptic neuron postsynaptic neuron synaptic cleft

presynaptic neuron ???

Muscles comprising the quadriceps group include the rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis. peroneus, gastrocnemius, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. semitendinosus, biceps femoris, rectus femoris, and vastus medialis. iliopsoas, gracilis, adductor magnus, biceps femoris, and gracilis. rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, soleus, and adductor longus.

rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis.

Which feature is an important landmark in females during pelvic examinations, and during labor and delivery? median sacral crest sacral promontory sacral hiatus sacral canal sacral foramina

sacral promontory

The muscle that produces the action of standing on tip-toes is the extensor digitorum. plantaris. peroneus. tibialis anterior. soleus.

soleus.

The epithelium of the esophagus is composed of which type of epithelial tissue? simple columnar epithelium stratified squamous epithelium keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

stratified squamous epithelium

During an action potential, the rapid decrease in sodium permeability and simultaneous increase in potassium permeability is responsible for __________. the repolarization phase the depolarization phase returning to the resting membrane potential after the action potential the hyperpolarization phase

the repolarization phase ???