AP US HISTORY CHAPTER 1

Line of Demaracation

1493- Pope drew this line to divide the world into two segements. The east for Portuguese conquest and the west for Spain.

Vasco Nunez Balboa

1513, Spanish explorer who became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean in 1510 while exploring Panama

Francisco Pizarro

1532- the Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incas

Pope's Rebellion

1680- Indian uprising which destroyed every Catholic church, killed priests and Spanish settlers

Francisco Coronado

A Spanish soldier and commander; in 1540, he led an expedition north from Mexico into Arizona; he was searching for the legendary Seven Cities of Gold, but only found Adobe pueblos.

encomienda

A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it

Mestizos

A person of mixed Native American and Spanish ancestory

Iroquois Confederacy

A powerful group of Native Americans in the eastern part of the U.S. made up of five nations: the Mohawk, Seneca, CAyuga, Onondaga, and Oneiga

Black Legend

Concept that Spanish conquerors merely tortured and murdered Indians, stole gold and infected them with smallpox, leaving nothing of benefit

John Cabot

English explorer who claimed Newfoundland for England while looking for Northwest Passage

Germs

Europeans brought small pox, yellow fever, malaria, and other _____. 90% of Naives died.

Father Junipero Serra

Founded a chain of 21 missions along the California coast

Jacques Cartier

French explorer who explored the St. Lawrence river and laid claim to the region for France (1491-1557)

Ferdinand Magellan

From 1519-1522 he circumnavigated the globe. He left with 5 ships and returned with 1.

The three major tribes before European arrival

Incas, Aztecs, Mayans

Christopher Columbus

Italian navigator who discovered the New World (October 12, 1492) in the service of Spain while looking for Northwest Passage. Used 3 ships and landed in the Bahamas.

Bartholomeu Dias

Portuguese explorer who in 1488 was the first European to get round the Cape of Good Hope (thus establishing a sea route from the Atlantic to Asia) (1450-1500)

Vasco da Gama

Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route.

Treaty of Tordesillas

Set the Line of Demarcation which was a boundary established in 1493 to define Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the Americas.

Conquistadores

Spanish 'conqueror' or soldier in the New World. They were searching for the 3-G's: gold, God, and glory.

Juan Ponce de Leon

Spanish Explorer who discovered and named Florida while searching for the "Fountian of Youth"

Hernan cortes

Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)

Peninsulares

Spanish-born, came to Latin America; ruled, highest social class

Marco Polo

Venetian traveler who explored Asia in the 13th century and served Kublai Khan (1254-1324)

King Francis I

authorized france to explore the Americans in 1524

Hernado de soto

claimed Mississippi (1539-1542) for Spain was also a spanish explorer

Creoles

descendents of Spanish-born BUT born in Latin America; resented inferior social, political, economic status

Printing Press

invented in 1450, helped spread scientific knowledge

St. Augustine

oldest city in North America

Hacienda system

system where few people own all the land