Ap World Timeline Study Guide 1200-1900
1215-Magna Carta
-"The Great Charter" -issued by King John of England -Establish principle "everyone is subject to the law" -Solidify rights of individual
1791-1803 Haitian revolution
-A major influence of the Latin American revolutions because of its successfulness -the only successful slave revolt in history -led by Toussaint L'Ouverture.
1760-1840 Industrial Revolution
-A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods. -due to excess of coal in Great Britain -1765 steam engine built by James Watt -1807 steamboat by Robert Fulton -Growing/dynamic economies -High agricultural production increase/dense population(allow labor for non agricultural thing -extensive network of trade -sophisticated banking institution -eventual use of plentiful natural resources for production
1815-1902 Elizabeth Cady Stanton
-American feminist -organized women's right conference in Seneca falls, New York
1324-Mansa Musa's Pilgrimage to Mecca
-Awaken world to wealth of Mali Empire
1789-1799 — the French Revolution
-Based on Enlightenment ideals -started by the unfair taxation of the 3rd estate(peasant class) -Storming of the Bastille -formation of the nation assembly, convention, and then directory -replaced the "old Regime" -lacked experience and organization unlike the American King Louis XVI executed in 1793
1807 Mexican independence
-Began after Napoleon Invasion -Spain/Portugal -Led by Hidalgo y Costilla
1839-1842 First Opium War
-Britain's economy relied heavily on the Tea trade between them and China due to costly war making them in debt -This spark the use of Opium(Drug) to be traded to China in the Opium trade through illegal exports -War arose when China tried to suppress the trade which Britain won gaining commercial privileges in china -marked the starts of unequal treaties created by foreign power leading to the fall of Qing -(in conclusion, the largest european power in the world was caught selling drugs to Chinese people, including children, to feed their tea addiction, which they won)
1494 Treaty of Tordesillas
-Divides the new world between Portugal and Spain -Pope's line of demarcation
1783 Treaty of Paris
-Ended the American Revolution -Britain recognize US independence
1644 Qing Dynasty
-Formed after the Collapse of Ming Dynasty -created by the Manchu of the North -preserved ethnic and cultural identity of Manchus
mid 17th century-Late 19th century second Agricultural Revolution
-Formed in Britain -increased the productivity of farming through mechanization and access to market areas due to better transportation. -amplified food production spike in population and increased health
1478 Spanish Inquisition
-Founded by Fernando and Isabel of Spain -Used to identify heretics unfaithful to the Christian Church -BRUTAL -Targeted muslim and Jews at first, but soon targeted protestants(lutheran)
1600-1867 Tokugawa Shogunate
-Founded by Tokugawa Ieyasu after the Warring States Period -unified Japan -system of governing where Samurai served under their lord, The Daimyo
1556-1605 Akbar
-Grandson of Babur -Lead a conquest to destroy Hindu Kingdom in India -Religiously tolerant
1720 Dutch Learning
-Japanese traded and learned from Dutch Merchants -allowed for better trade especially in Nagasaki -Lifted bans on foreign books
1550-1900-Return of Christianity to China
-Jesuits came -brought western mechanical technology(prism, clock)
1814-1815 Congress of Vienna
-Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order and stop Napoleon -Britain, Russia, Prussia, Austria
1279-1368-Yuan Dynasty
-Mongols(genghis Khan) -stopped confucian civil service exam -failed at conquest of japan -kowtow tribute system -tributary relationship with Russia -fell due to rebellion
1325-1352 Ibn Battuta's travels
-Moroccan muslim scholar and traveler -known for his travel across the medieval world(Rihla) -significantly spread islam across afro-eurasia
1659-1707 Aurangzeb
-Mughal Ruler -Hostile to Hindu -Religiously intolerant
1206-1526-Delhi Sultanate
-Muslim group in India -Spread islam -conquered India from North to south India -North is muslim, south is Hindu
1802-1812 Napoleon Bonaparte
-Overthrew the French revolutionary government (The Directory) and crowned himself emperor -expanded french border -occupied the Netherland -allied with Austria, Prussia, and Russia Invaded Russia, ended in failure
1682-1725 Reign of Peter the Great
-Part of Romanov Dynasty -Modernized Russia -based his goal off western Europe
Important notes before taking the exam
-Remember it's quality over quantity. Don't think that just because your paragraph is short means that it's not good. Stay focus on the topic and make sure to always argue using the Documents. -DON'T BOTHER WITH COMPLEXITY, unless you really want a perfect score. Complexity needs to be in your entire DBQ and not just a paragraph or in conclusion usually. It's just gonna slow you down most of the time. Instead of trying to reach complexity check your paragraphs to see if you successfully sourced each document and relate it back to the thesis. -It's highly advise that for sourcing you should try to not do point of view because it's quite difficult to get. Get your notes and other study guide ready because the easiest one to most people is the historical context. Look up that time period quickly and see what happens, relate it to the doc and support your thesis. -Under pressure your dumber than you think(including me), so it's better to be rationalize and have an open mind. Remember that turning in something can still earn you quite a bit of points than turning in nothing.
1775-1781 American Revolution
-Result from Enlightenment ideals -Started in the Battle of Lexington and Concord -Britain had the superior army and navy but aren't as knowledgeable of the land unlike the patriots
1368-1644-Ming Dynasty
-Reused civil service exam after Mongol Rule -lead by Emperor Hongwu
1312-1337-Mansa Musa
-Ruled over a very wealthy west african empire -had Pilgrimage to Mecca, built mosque and cities(timbuktu) -journeyed to egypt and spread his wealth to show power
1762-1796 Catherine the Great
-Russian Tsar preceding peter -known for military expansion -divided empire into provinces (provincial absolute Government) -encourage serfdom by restricting punishment to serf by landowner
1700-Social changes in Modern Europe
-Serfdom abandoned in Western Europe -Still prominent in Eastern Europe and Russia
1497 Vasco da Gama of Portugal reached India
-Set up trading post at calicut -lead to european dominance in Indian Ocean trade through taxation and regulation -Portugal continue to set up trading post empire
1400-Founding of aztec empire
-Settled in Marshy Island of Texcoco -capital at tenochtitlan -social structure based off military rank(warriors at highest)
1581-Russian Expansion in Siberia
-Siberian fur trade -tributary relationship with Natives(temporary) -tried to spread orthodox christianity to native
1346-1352-Black Death/Bubonic Plague
-Spread by extensive trade across afro-Eurasia -50 million died in 14th century -drove mongols out of China
1523-Babur The Great
-Started Mughal -leader of a northwest nomadic group
1550-1700-Scientific Revolution
-Started by Copernicus -promote secular thinking -johannes Kepler -Isaac newton
1517-Protestant Reformation
-Started by Martin luther, wrote 95 theses -formed protestant ideas that would reject roman catholicism -ideas spread by invention of the Printing Press by Johannes Gutenberg
1793-1794 Maximilien Robespierre and the Jacobin Party
-Unleashed the reign of terror -sought to eliminate christianity -sent many people to the Guillotine -arrested by the nationalism convention and killed
1450 -1591-Songhai Empire
-West African empire -blended african belief with islam -law based on islam -CRUCIAL TO THE SLAVE TRADE
1600 East India Company
-a British trading company that set up large, profitable trading post colonies in India -example of personal funding rather than state
15th-16th century-Columbian Exchange
-aka the Triangular Trade -global diffusion of plants, crops, animals, and diseases -population BOOM(remember even with slave trade going on the african population is still increasing)
1618-1648 - 30 Years War
-attempt by Holy Roman Empire to force Bohemia to return to Roman Catholic church -All out conflict -1/3 population of Germany killed -directly lead to the Peace of Westphalia
1869 Transcontinental Railroad
-connects the coasts of the United States -greatest transportation achievement -Help achieve manifest destiny
1519 Hernan Cortes
-conquered The aztec Empire -gained allies from neighboring tribes who disliked the Aztec -spanish conquistador
1648 Peace of Westphalia
-ended 30 years war -established that every state is sovereign -ended imperial Rule by Roman Church
1492-Columbus Voyage
-funded by Fernando and Isabel of Spain -tried to find west route to asia -discovered west indies -lead to Columbian exchange
18th-19th century Nationalism formed
-intense pride in one's country -formed as a result from revolution/Wars -allowed for stronger nations and rivalry
1768-1780 Captain James cook's voyage
-journeyed into the pacific -Discovered many polynesian islands like Australia
1715-1789 Enlightenment Movement
-lead by Voltaire, a philosophes -Transition from philosophical thoughts to secular -France was center of enlightenment -deism, belief that god created the world but won't interfere in human affairs -theory of progress, belief that the future of the world and humanity would progress much like science had -Encouraged people to look at the world in a secular way -Weakened the control and influence of the church on government -Replace Christian values with secular ones
1815-1898 Unification of Germany
-led by Otto Von Bismarck, a secular thinker -expanded Prussian Army, Started wars with France, Austria, and Denmark -Prussia combined with Germany
1811-1825 South American Independence
-led by Simon Bolivar -creole(Spanish elites that were born in America) force crushed spanish authority -defeated spanish army in Columbia
1545-1563-Council of Trent
-part of Catholic Reformation -meeting among bishops, cardinals, and church official -address reform -establish standard of high moral conduct
1540-Society of Jesus
-part of Catholic Reformation(response to the other reformation) -founded by Loyola -extended boundaries of Roman catholic church -Promoted Secular thinking -members known as jesuits
1300-1600-Renaissance
-political, economic, and cultural rebirth proceeding the Middle Age -Allowed for age of Exploration -lead to European global Domination
1453-Ottoman captured Constantinople
-renamed istanbul -lead by sultan Mehmed ll -ended byzantine rule -controlled greek and balkan region
1898: Annexation of Hawaii
-ruler of hawaii Kamehameha pushed for western imitation to unify his kingdom -disease devastated the population -asian workers imported due to decline population -U.S. wanted Hawaii for business and so Hawaiian sugar could be sold in the U.S
1509-1547-English Reformation
-started by King Henry Vlll(8) wanting to divorce his wife -conflicts with pope in the Holy Roman Empire -founded Anglicanism
1773-1774 Pugachev Rebellion
-started by Yemelyan Pugachev -result from enlightenment ideals -killed thousands of government officials(boyars) -slowed catherine reform -promptly executed and rebellion violently put down
1850 Industrial revolution in North America
-steal allowed for America to grow -investment and labor from Europe
1405-1433-Zheng He voyage
-traveled through south china sea, indian ocean, arabian sea, red sea, and east coast of africa -reason:diplomatic, military, and trading ventures -showed the Eastern hemisphere the power of the chinese empire
1266-Marco Polo
-venetian merchant that journeyed across Asia at height of Mongol Empire -Reach china and enter court -spreading western culture to china -Solidify trading relationship between West Europe and China
1789-Estates General
-was under the control of Louis XVI -legislative body made out of the 3 estates(clergy, nobility, and peasant) -called into versailles to deal with war debt -raised tax on 3rd estates
1848 Communist Manifesto
-written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels -urges an uprising by workers to seize control of the factors of production from the upper and middle classes. -Bourgeois, ruling class -proletarian, working class - Marx asserted that abuse of proletarian caused them to overthrow existing system
1776 Declaration of Independence
-wrote by Thomas Jefferson -Declare all men have the right to life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness -used as a reference to other governing systems
1607- Jamestown, Virginia
First permanent English colony in North America.
Last message: Good luck on your exam everybody. There is no such thing as failure if you try your hardest. Likewise, all of you will have the power to ace this test and show everyone how intelligent you are. Let's make our teachers proud and begin summer on a good note. -Best wishes from Phat Lu
I will.
