APA Formatting CITATIONS

CITATION FORMAT FOR MULTIPLE, 6+ AUTHORS What is the proper citation format for publications/books with between 6+ authors?

Six or More Authors: IN THE SENTENCE: Use the first author's name followed by et al. in the signal phrase or in parentheses. Harris et al. (2001) argued... IN THE CITATION: (Harris et al., 2001)

AT THE END OF THE SENTENCE for Paraphrased/Summarized Content Give an example that demonstrates how to incorporate a citation directly within a sentence for information that has been summarized or paraphrased.

Adult students are frequently motivated to return to school... (Alex, Marks, & Jones, 2005). When including a citation at the end of a sentence, within parenthesis list the name(s) of the author(s) followed by the year of publication. Separate the author(s)' name and the year of publication with a comma. Place a period after the citation. Example: Summarized/paraphrased content (Smith, 2004).

What is a parenthetical citation?

Placing relevant source information after a quote or a paraphrase. Parenthetical citation WITHOUT THE AUTHOR'S NAME IN THE TEXT: NAME AND YEAR Harlem had many artists and musicians in the late 1920s (Belafonte, 2008). Parenthetical citation WHEN THE AUTHOR IS NAMED IN THE TEXT: JUST THE YEAR According to Belafonte, Harlem was full of artists and musicians in the late 1920s (2008). Parenthetical citations WITH MULTIPLE AUTHORS: Works with two authors Include both names, separated by an ampersand (&). Rallying to restore sanity was a revolutionary undertaking (Stewart & Colbert, 2010).

Citations are used within the body of your paper to indicate information that has come from another source. Which information must always be cited within the text?

Quotations, paraphrased and summarized content

WITHIN THE SENTENCE for Summarized or Paraphrased Content: Give an example that demonstrates how to incorporate a citation directly within a sentence, for information that has been summarized or paraphrased

Smith (2006) stated the results of the study directly correlate with the challenges.. Summarized and paraphrased material requires the inclusion of the author(s) last name and year of publication. Do not use page or paragraph numbers with paraphrased or summarized content

AT THE END OF THE SENTENCE for Quoted Material: Give an example that demonstrates how to incorporate a citation directly within a sentence for quoted material.

The emphasis on philosophical discourse is related..." (Williams & Snode, 2005, p. 45). Direct quote gets a page number When including a citation at the end of a sentence, within parenthesis list the name(s) of the author(s) followed by the year of publication, and the page or paragraph number for where the quote was retrieved. Separate the author(s)' name, the year of publication, and the page/paragraph number with commas. Place a period after the citation. Example: "Quote" (Smith, 2004, p. 89).

Exceptions and Exclusions If there is no date, how should that be noted in a citation?

In the absence of a date of publication, write n.d. to indicate no date was provided. EX,

Essential Elements for Direct Quotations: For all quoted material, the citation must include

author(s)' last name(s), date of publication, and page or paragraph number EXAMPLE (Smith, 2000, p. 67) If there is no page number then use the paragraph number EXAMPLE: (Smith, 2000, para. 3)

CITATION FORMAT FOR MULTIPLE, 3-5 AUTHORS What is the proper citation format for publications/books with between 3-5 authors?

A Work by Three to Five Authors: List all the authors in the signal phrase or in parentheses the first time you cite the source. Use the word "and" between the authors' names within the text and use the ampersand in parentheses. IN THE SENTENCE: As Kernis and Cornell and Sun and Berry and Harlow (1993) stated, CITATION: (Kernis, Cornell, Sun, Berry, & Harlow, 1993) In subsequent citations, only use the first author's last name followed by "et al." in the signal phrase or in parentheses. (Kernis et al., 1993) In et al., et should not be followed by a period.

If no author is provided, how should the information be cited?

Only include the title of the resource if no author is provided. EXAMPLE: Pychology Today, 2001)

WITHIN THE SENTENCE for Quoted Material: Give an example that demonstrates how to incorporate a citation directly within a sentence for quoted material.

Smith (2005) stated, "The rules and regulations clearly mandate..." (p. 67). Direct quote gets a page number When including a citation directly within a sentence, state the name(s) of the author(s) followed by the year of publication in parenthesis. Then, at the end of the sentence, include the page or paragraph number for where the quote was retrieved (in parenthesis).

Essential Elements for Paraphrased and Summarized Content: For all paraphrased and summarized content, the citation must include

author(s)' last name(s) and the date of publication EXAMPLE: (Smith, 2000)