APES AP Q MC Ch. 2-10, 18

A home uses ten 100 watt light bulbs for five hours per day. The approximate kilowatt hours of electrical energy are consumed in one year by using the light bulbs is: a.) 365 b.) 1,825 c.) 5,000 d.) 10,500 e.) 365,000

1,825

What best describes the first law of thermodynamics? a.) Energy always changes from a more useful, more concentrated form to a less useful, less concentrated form b.) In a closed system of constant mass, the energy involved in any physical or chemical change is neither created or destroyed, but merely changed from one form to another c.) Heat always flows from a hot body to a cold one d.)Entropy of a system increases as the state of disorganization in the system increases e.) In a reversible process, the entropy of the system increases

In a closed system of constant mass, the energy invloved in any physical ot chemical change is beither created nor destroyed, but merelt changed from one form to another.

In Mediterranean climate regions like portions of California, a wetter-than-normal winter often leads to greater severity of fires the following summer. This seeming paradox occurs because increased rain leads to a.) greater accumulation of chaparral biomass b.) higher pollination rates of annual flowers c.) greater recreational use of parklands d.) greater erosion and damage of access roads e.) decreased summer rainfall

a.) greater accumulation of chaparral biomass

In a typical forest ecosystem, dead trees and fallen trees are most important because of which of the following? a.) Providing a valuable source of timber b.) Providing habitats for wildlife c.) Contributing to soil erosion d.) Increasing water runoff e.) Removing carbon dioxide from the air

b.) Providing habitats for wildlife

Losses of usable energy between successive trophic levels in an ecosystem are best accounted for by which of the following? a.) The first law of thermodynamics b.) The second law of thermodynamics c.) The law of conservation of matter d.) The process of ecological succession e.) Limiting factors in an ecosystem

b.) The second law of thermodynamics

Which of the following ecological concepts includes all of the others? a.) community b.) ecosystem c.) genus d.) population e.) species

b.) ecosystem

The consumption of mosquitoes by bats and the control of flooding provided by tropical rain forests in mountainous areas of Central America are examples of? a.) adaptive radiation b.) ecosystem services c.) evolution by natural selection d.) ecological equilibrium e.) positive feedback loops

b.) ecosystem services

The process in the hydrologic cycle in which water vapor is released from leaves into the atmosphere is called? a.) infiltration b.) transpiration c.) sublimation d.) reflection e.) percolation

b.) transpiration

After 200 million years, only 1/16 of the original amount of a particular radioactive waste will remain. The half-life of this radioactive waste is how many million years? a.) 12.5 b.) 25 c.) 50 d.) 75 e.) 100

c.) 50

A field is abandoned, and an invasive plant that can live in nutrient poor soil moves in to the field. If the land is later cleared of this invasive species and it is discovered that the soil has an abundance of nitrogen compounds, what conclusion can be made? a.) The plants used up all of the phosphorus and potassium and left the nitrogen behind b.) Primary succession always produces an abundance of nitrogen c.) Bacteria in the soil and in the root nodules converted free nitrogen into nitrogen compounds d.) The plants were able to produce nitrogen in their leaves e.) More rock was weathered and broken down to release nitrogen compounds

c.) Bacteria in the soil and in the root nodules converted free nitrogen into nitrogen compounds

Which of the following is true true of carbon as it cycles through the atmosphere? a.) Carbon dioxide is released during photosynthesis b.) Carbon compounds rarely exist in a gaseous state c.) Carbon sinks include forests and oceans d.) The carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is reduced by cutting trees e.) Carbon is concentrated in igneous rocks

c.) Carbon sinks include forests and oceans

Which of the following best explains why decomposes in soil and water are important to ecosystems? a.) They remove heavy metals b.) They store carbon dioxide c.) They recycle nutrients d.) They neutralize acid deposition e.) They produce more oxygen than they can consume

c.) They recycle nutrients

Which of the following elements is most likely to limit primary productivity in freshwater lakes? a.) oxygen b.) calcium c.) phosphorus d.) carbon e.) iron

c.) phosphorus

The concentration of H+ ions is a solution with a pH of 4 is how many times as great as the concentration of H+ ions in a solution with a pH value of 7? a.) 1 b.) 10 c.) 100 d.) 1,000 e.) 10,000

d.) 1,000

The net annual primary productivity of a particular wetland is found to be 8,000 kcal/m2 per year. If respiration by the aquatic producers is 12,00 kcal/m2 per year, what is the gross annual primary productivity for this ecosystem, in kcal/m2 per year? a.) 4,000 b.) 8,000 c.) 12,000 d.) 20,000 e.) 96,000

d.) 20,000

During El Nino - Southern Oscillation event, which of the following best describes the conditions in the eastern part of the tropical Pacific Ocean (near Peru and Ecuador)? a.) Low sea surface temperature and low rainfall b.) Low sea surface temperature and high rainfall c.) High sea surface temperature and low rainfall d.) High sea surface temperature and high rainfall e.) High sea surface temperature and normal rainfall

d.) High sea surface temperature and high rainfall

Which of the following best illustrates an abiotic component of the environment affecting a biotic component of the environment? a.) Composted manure is added to agricultural soil during spring tilling b.) Coral reefs modify the direction of an ocean current c.) Plants release oxygen into the atmosphere during photosynthesis d.) Low phosphorus content in soil limits the growth if vegetation e.) A thick planting of ground cover reduces soil erosion on a hillside

d.) Low phosphorus content in soil limits the growth of vegetation

The great grasslands of the world have which of the following primary characteristic in common? a.) They are restricted in occurrence to the region between 30 degrees north and 30 degrees south latitude b.) Due to humidity, fires are uncommon and rarely affect large areas c.) They are typically created by overgrazing o livestock d.) Seasonal cycles of temperature and precipitation produce abundant vegetative growth e.) High winds blow seeds of trees away such that only grasses exist

d.) Seasonal cycles of temperature and precipitation produce abundant vegetative growth

Which of the following is true about the region of Earth's atmosphere known as the stratosphere? a.) It is the warmest layer of the atmosphere because it is closest to the sun b.) Most of the atmospheric water vapor is found in this layer c.) It is the layer in which nearly all weather takes place d.) The highest concentration of naturally occurring ozone forms in this layer e.) It is characterized by steadily decreasing temperature with altitude

d.) The highest concentration of naturally occurring ozone forms in this layer

The half life of Radon gas is approximately 4 days. Four weeks after the introduction of radon into a sealed room, the fraction of the original amount is: a.) 1/2 b.) 1/8 c.) 1/32 d.) 1/64 e.) 1/128

e.) 1/128

Which of the following regions of the ocean is LEAST likely to contain photosynthetic organisms? a.) Intertidal Zone b.) Zone of coastal upwelling c.) Pelagic zone d.) Eutrophic zone e.) Abyssal zone

e.) Abyssal zone

Which of the following world regions contain the greatest area of rain forest? a.) Canada and the USA b.) Eastern and Western Europe c.) Russia and China d.) Australia and New Zealand e.) Brazil and Indonesia

e.) Brazil and Indonesia

Defining characteristics of a wetland involve which of the following? I. Hydrology II. Soil type III. Species composition a.) I only b.) II only c.) I and II only d.) II and III only e.) I, II, and III

e.) I, II, and III

Which of the following is not a property of water? a.) It's melting point is 0 degrees C at 1 atmosphere of pressure b.) It's boiling point is 100 degrees C at 1 atmosphere of pressure c.) It is used in liquid form by most living organisms d.) It is denser at 4 degrees C than at 20 degrees C e.) It absorbs relatively little heat as it vaporizes

e.) It absorbs relatively little heat as it vaporizes

Which of the following has an approximate pH of 5.7? a.) lemon juice b.) ammonia c.) distilled water d.) highly acidic rainfall e.) normal rainfall

e.) normal rainfall