apes ch 4 test

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which of the following is a positive effect likely to result from an el nino event?

fewer hurricanes forming in the central atlantic basin

which of the following shows the approximate concentration of CO2, N2, and O2 in dry air?

CO2 = <1%, N2 = 78%, O2 = 21%

the primary cause of earth's seasons is the...

Constant tilt of Earth's rotational axis with respect to the plane of its orbit around the sun

This area has the lowest amount of naturally available freshwater per capita

D in southwest asia

Region where the protective ozone layer is located

Stratosphere

country with the largest area of temperate deciduous forest

USA

most of the earth's deserts are approximately 30 degrees latitude, north and south, because these latitudes are characterized by...

descending dry air currents

this biome contains plants that are adapted to prevent water loss due to the low average rainfall and high temperatures year-round

desert

which of the following is a biome found at 30 N and 30 S as seen in the diagram

deserts

earth currently rotates on an axis at an angle of 23.5 degrees. If that axis changed to 20 degrees, so that the axis was closer to vertical, which of the following would be expected to occur?

earth would experience a change in seasonal timing and length

the high sea surface temp in 1998 was most likely due to...

el nino

el nino and la ninas occurrences can result in changes in global weather and ocean circulation patterns: which of the following changes in eastern pacific ocean food webs is typically associated with la nina events?

increased phytoplankton concentrations

in the altitude and temperature chart, which following correctly characterizes one of earth's atmospheric layers

layer D is the thermosphere, where auroras are found

graph: which of the following can be concluded about the latitudes of the two locations?

location 1 is close to the equator, and location 2 is the northern hemisphere

why is there more snowfall in the shaded areas than in other parts of NY, pennsylvania and ohio

moisture picked up from the warmer water in the great lakes is deposited as snow downwind

the most abundant element in earth's atmosphere...

nitrogen

which of the following statements (the city of london and calgary in canada) best explains why the average temperature of london is warmer than that of calgary in december?

oceanic currents warm the atmosphere in london

the sun's radiation provides the energy for all of the following except:

plate tectonics

The low anchovy catch in 1998 was most likely the result of

reduced ocean upwelling along the coast

country with the largest area of boreal forests

russia

this biome is characterized by long dry seasons and is dominated by grasses, shrubs, and grazing animals

savanna

during the el nino southern oscillation event, which best describes conditions in the eastern part of the tropical pacific ocean?

sea surface temperature/high rainfall/high

The great grasslands of the world have which of the following primary characteristics in common?

seasonal cycles of temperature and precipitation produce abundant vegetative growth

which of the following is the source of energy driving the circulation pattern labeled C in the diagram

solar radiation

This layer of Earth's atmosphere contains the ozone layer that absorbs the sun's ultraviolet rays

stratosphere

the beneficial ozone layer is in this region of the atmosphere

stratosphere

the thick forest of this biome tends to be well adapted to short growing seasons

taiga

based on the diagram, which best explains why the climate of the West Coast of Africa is drier than that of the east coast of the US, even though they are located at similar northern latitudes?

the cold ocean currents off africa absorb heat from land therefore cool the atmosphere

which correctly describes the season and length of day at the tropic of cancer at the time of year shown in the diagram?

the northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun so it is winter at the tropic of cancer and daylight is less than twelve hours per day

based on the diagram of the layers, which of the following identifies a characteristic of the atmosphere between the stratosphere and the tropopause

the ozone layer is in the stratosphere

based on the diagram, which of the following changes are most likely to occur in the central and eastern tropical pacific during el nino?

the peruvian current weakens, leading to warmer-than-average sea-surface temps

which of the following best explains why City B regularly receives less precipitation than City A

the rain shadow effect causes City B to be drier bc the mountain blocks precipitation from reaching the city

which of the following does not exert a major influence on earth's overall climate?

the seasonal development of temp inversions in geographical basins

best explains the lower portion of the troposphere is warmer than the upper portion?

the surface of earth absorbs sunlight, heating the lower portion of the troposphere more than the upper part

which of the following factors is fundamentally responsible for seasons on earth?

the tilt of earth's axis of rotation

if the diagram illustrates earth's relative position on dec 21 of a given year, which of the following statements would be correct?

the tropic of cancer has a shorter day and lower solar radiation intensity bc there is a direct relationship between day length and radiation intensity

which of the following areas receives the most intense solar radiation at the time of year shown in the diagram, and why?

the tropic of capricorn, bc this latitude is nearly horizontal to incoming solar radiation.

what's a characteristic of tropical rain forests

their soils are relatively poor in nutrients

which statement below best explains the large variation in temperature?

there are no bordering oceans or large bodies of water to provide a stabilizing humidity to the air

This layer of Earth's atmosphere contains the fewest molecules of the layers shown, and the low density of gas leads to very few molecules transferring heat to an object. In this layer, ultraviolet radiation causes photodissociation of molecules, creating ions.

thermosphere

in which layer of the atmosphere would short wave radio signals be reflected?

thermosphere

which of the following best describes soil in many tropical rain forests?

they are quickly depleted nutrients when the forest is removed

El Nino, a periodic warming of ocean surface waters, occurs in which of the following regions?

tropical east pacific

solar energy graph: location 1 is most likely located in which of the following terrestrial biomes

tropical rain forest

this biome is warm and wet, with little seasonal variation in temperature and frequent precipitation...

tropical rain forest

this biome has the highest net primary productivity, in part because of consistently warm temperatures and abundant sunlight

tropical rainforest

which of the following is the most likely effect of a strong el nino event on the weather patterns in the US?

wetter weather and cooler than average temperatures in the southeastern states and warmer temperatures in the pacific northwest

Region largely responsible for the weather experienced at the Earth's surface

troposphere

This layer of Earth's atmosphere has the highest density of any atmospheric layer and contains most of the water vapor in the atmosphere?

troposphere

in which of following atmosphere layers does most weather occur?

troposphere

most oxygen is found in this layer of the atmosphere

troposphere

region that contains the majority of molecules in the atmosphere

troposphere

the underlying subsoil of this biome is permafrost, which prevents both water draining through and deep-rooted plants from growing. Additionally, there is very little precipitation per year

tundra

best explanation for the lower humidity in the desert is...

warm air rises at the equator, cools, and sinks at 30 degrees latitude

which of the following causes the air to rise high into the atmosphere in the areas labeled A, B, and C on the diagram

warm, moist air that is less dense than the surrounding air

which of the following is a primary cause of el nino climate variations?

warmer surface waters in the Pacific Ocean

the location of the great remaining natural biodiversity..

E in south america

Region with the lowest atmospheric pressure

Exosphere

which environment is characterized by the highest diversity of tree species

Graph B

which environment is most likely to be characterized by dry scrub with frequent fires?

Graph C

the most abundant gas in earth's atmosphere is...

Nitrogen

Traveling southward from the Arctic regions of Canada to the tropics of Panama, one passes through several biomes—tundra, coniferous forest, temperate deciduous forest, and tropical rain forest. This pattern of change in vegetation is primarily the result of

an increase in both mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation

which latitude shown on the diagram above experiences 24 hours of daylight on dec 21?

antarctic circle

which of the following world regions contain the greatest area of rainforest?

brazil and indonesia


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