apes ch 4 test
which of the following is a positive effect likely to result from an el nino event?
fewer hurricanes forming in the central atlantic basin
which of the following shows the approximate concentration of CO2, N2, and O2 in dry air?
CO2 = <1%, N2 = 78%, O2 = 21%
the primary cause of earth's seasons is the...
Constant tilt of Earth's rotational axis with respect to the plane of its orbit around the sun
This area has the lowest amount of naturally available freshwater per capita
D in southwest asia
Region where the protective ozone layer is located
Stratosphere
country with the largest area of temperate deciduous forest
USA
most of the earth's deserts are approximately 30 degrees latitude, north and south, because these latitudes are characterized by...
descending dry air currents
this biome contains plants that are adapted to prevent water loss due to the low average rainfall and high temperatures year-round
desert
which of the following is a biome found at 30 N and 30 S as seen in the diagram
deserts
earth currently rotates on an axis at an angle of 23.5 degrees. If that axis changed to 20 degrees, so that the axis was closer to vertical, which of the following would be expected to occur?
earth would experience a change in seasonal timing and length
the high sea surface temp in 1998 was most likely due to...
el nino
el nino and la ninas occurrences can result in changes in global weather and ocean circulation patterns: which of the following changes in eastern pacific ocean food webs is typically associated with la nina events?
increased phytoplankton concentrations
in the altitude and temperature chart, which following correctly characterizes one of earth's atmospheric layers
layer D is the thermosphere, where auroras are found
graph: which of the following can be concluded about the latitudes of the two locations?
location 1 is close to the equator, and location 2 is the northern hemisphere
why is there more snowfall in the shaded areas than in other parts of NY, pennsylvania and ohio
moisture picked up from the warmer water in the great lakes is deposited as snow downwind
the most abundant element in earth's atmosphere...
nitrogen
which of the following statements (the city of london and calgary in canada) best explains why the average temperature of london is warmer than that of calgary in december?
oceanic currents warm the atmosphere in london
the sun's radiation provides the energy for all of the following except:
plate tectonics
The low anchovy catch in 1998 was most likely the result of
reduced ocean upwelling along the coast
country with the largest area of boreal forests
russia
this biome is characterized by long dry seasons and is dominated by grasses, shrubs, and grazing animals
savanna
during the el nino southern oscillation event, which best describes conditions in the eastern part of the tropical pacific ocean?
sea surface temperature/high rainfall/high
The great grasslands of the world have which of the following primary characteristics in common?
seasonal cycles of temperature and precipitation produce abundant vegetative growth
which of the following is the source of energy driving the circulation pattern labeled C in the diagram
solar radiation
This layer of Earth's atmosphere contains the ozone layer that absorbs the sun's ultraviolet rays
stratosphere
the beneficial ozone layer is in this region of the atmosphere
stratosphere
the thick forest of this biome tends to be well adapted to short growing seasons
taiga
based on the diagram, which best explains why the climate of the West Coast of Africa is drier than that of the east coast of the US, even though they are located at similar northern latitudes?
the cold ocean currents off africa absorb heat from land therefore cool the atmosphere
which correctly describes the season and length of day at the tropic of cancer at the time of year shown in the diagram?
the northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun so it is winter at the tropic of cancer and daylight is less than twelve hours per day
based on the diagram of the layers, which of the following identifies a characteristic of the atmosphere between the stratosphere and the tropopause
the ozone layer is in the stratosphere
based on the diagram, which of the following changes are most likely to occur in the central and eastern tropical pacific during el nino?
the peruvian current weakens, leading to warmer-than-average sea-surface temps
which of the following best explains why City B regularly receives less precipitation than City A
the rain shadow effect causes City B to be drier bc the mountain blocks precipitation from reaching the city
which of the following does not exert a major influence on earth's overall climate?
the seasonal development of temp inversions in geographical basins
best explains the lower portion of the troposphere is warmer than the upper portion?
the surface of earth absorbs sunlight, heating the lower portion of the troposphere more than the upper part
which of the following factors is fundamentally responsible for seasons on earth?
the tilt of earth's axis of rotation
if the diagram illustrates earth's relative position on dec 21 of a given year, which of the following statements would be correct?
the tropic of cancer has a shorter day and lower solar radiation intensity bc there is a direct relationship between day length and radiation intensity
which of the following areas receives the most intense solar radiation at the time of year shown in the diagram, and why?
the tropic of capricorn, bc this latitude is nearly horizontal to incoming solar radiation.
what's a characteristic of tropical rain forests
their soils are relatively poor in nutrients
which statement below best explains the large variation in temperature?
there are no bordering oceans or large bodies of water to provide a stabilizing humidity to the air
This layer of Earth's atmosphere contains the fewest molecules of the layers shown, and the low density of gas leads to very few molecules transferring heat to an object. In this layer, ultraviolet radiation causes photodissociation of molecules, creating ions.
thermosphere
in which layer of the atmosphere would short wave radio signals be reflected?
thermosphere
which of the following best describes soil in many tropical rain forests?
they are quickly depleted nutrients when the forest is removed
El Nino, a periodic warming of ocean surface waters, occurs in which of the following regions?
tropical east pacific
solar energy graph: location 1 is most likely located in which of the following terrestrial biomes
tropical rain forest
this biome is warm and wet, with little seasonal variation in temperature and frequent precipitation...
tropical rain forest
this biome has the highest net primary productivity, in part because of consistently warm temperatures and abundant sunlight
tropical rainforest
which of the following is the most likely effect of a strong el nino event on the weather patterns in the US?
wetter weather and cooler than average temperatures in the southeastern states and warmer temperatures in the pacific northwest
Region largely responsible for the weather experienced at the Earth's surface
troposphere
This layer of Earth's atmosphere has the highest density of any atmospheric layer and contains most of the water vapor in the atmosphere?
troposphere
in which of following atmosphere layers does most weather occur?
troposphere
most oxygen is found in this layer of the atmosphere
troposphere
region that contains the majority of molecules in the atmosphere
troposphere
the underlying subsoil of this biome is permafrost, which prevents both water draining through and deep-rooted plants from growing. Additionally, there is very little precipitation per year
tundra
best explanation for the lower humidity in the desert is...
warm air rises at the equator, cools, and sinks at 30 degrees latitude
which of the following causes the air to rise high into the atmosphere in the areas labeled A, B, and C on the diagram
warm, moist air that is less dense than the surrounding air
which of the following is a primary cause of el nino climate variations?
warmer surface waters in the Pacific Ocean
the location of the great remaining natural biodiversity..
E in south america
Region with the lowest atmospheric pressure
Exosphere
which environment is characterized by the highest diversity of tree species
Graph B
which environment is most likely to be characterized by dry scrub with frequent fires?
Graph C
the most abundant gas in earth's atmosphere is...
Nitrogen
Traveling southward from the Arctic regions of Canada to the tropics of Panama, one passes through several biomes—tundra, coniferous forest, temperate deciduous forest, and tropical rain forest. This pattern of change in vegetation is primarily the result of
an increase in both mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation
which latitude shown on the diagram above experiences 24 hours of daylight on dec 21?
antarctic circle
which of the following world regions contain the greatest area of rainforest?
brazil and indonesia