Apes final study

How many fewer pounds of CO2 are released by the 30 mpg car than by the 20 mpg

20000

How many fewer gallons of water will the family use with the new showerheads?

3,600

The amount of compostable waste that could be generated by one individual in a week would be closest to

8.4 kg

Which of the countries listed in the chart above most likely to have limited to have limited educational opportunities for women

A

Fragmentation of tropical forests due to human activities is leading to a significant loss of biodiversity in this area

Africa

Large quantities of methane hydrates are located in this region and if released will contribute significantly to global climate change

Alaska

This region of the world is currently experiencing the largest average annuak temperature increase because of anthropongenic climate change

Alaska

Which of the following represents a positive feedback loop in the artic that is associated with anthropogenic climate change

Arctic ocean ice melts> ocean surface water temperature increases> more ice melts

Long term intensive agriculture that does not add soil amendments such as manure or fertilizer has been shown to decrease soil organic matter content. Which of the following figures best shows this relationship

C

Which environment is most likely to be characterized by dry scrub with frequent fires

C

Which of the countries above is most likely experiencing a population decline

C

Which of the following best describes the impact of atmospheric carbon dioxide and stratospheric aerosols

Carbon dioxide contributes to global warming and aerosols cause cooling

Catalytic converters reduce which of the following pairs of pollutants in car exhaust

Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons

Which of the following is the most likely route for mercury to enter the food web

Coal burning emissions...

Which of the following will best test the hypothesis

Comparing plant surviorship in areas where hikers stay on the trail with plant surviorship in area where hikers leave the trail

Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is the pumping of highly pressurized water with a mixture of sand and chemicals into boreholes to

Create seismic movement and artificial eathquakes in order to liberate gas and oil.

Which of the following age structure diagrams represent a population that most likely has a negative growth rate?

D

Which of the following would most likely reduce the concentration of ground level ozone in the air of a city

Decrease in the emissions of nitrogen oxides

Storm water runoff from the new development into nearby samel creek will likely lead to which of the following?

Destruction of fish habitats by high levels of suspended solids and sediments

The k selectionreproductive strategy maximizes survival of offspring by producing

Few offspring with high levels of parental care

All of the following are considered hosuehold hazardous waste except

Food scraps

Which of the following best explains the graphs above?

Fruits and vegetables give the greatest monetary return per water usage

Extraction of natural gas by the process of hydraulic fracking is most likely to result in which of the following environmental problems

Groundwater contamination

The terrestrial biomes shown in the diagram above vary in net primary productivity. The explanation for the variation includes which of the following

I and II

An experiment was carried out to determine the lethal dose of ammonium sulfate on mung bean germination. True statements about the experimental design include which of the following?

II and III

Which of the following scenarios is NOT likely to result from increased temperatures in the arctic

Increased melting of sea ice decreases the sea level and levels and leads to more arable land area that can farmed

Another likely cause for the expected decline is

Increasing numbers of women entering the workforce in developing nations

Was once widely ised in the US as a gasoline additive

Lead

The presence of which of the following in soil is most likely to neutralize acid rain?

Limestone

Open oceans produce the largest share of Earth's biomass because the net primary productivity of the ocean is

Low, but the large expanse of the oceans supports enourmous numbers of producers such as phytoplankton

Which of the following, if true, best supports the claim of the citizens group?

Oak and hickory are late successional species; pioneer species will dominate for many decades before the oaks and hickories are reestablished

Which of the following hypotheses, if supported by experimental results, best demonstrates an economic benefit to the ranchers?

Pastures with the highest diversity of plant species will have the highest net primary productivity

Which of the following statements is consistent with the graphs above

People in North America consume more meat per capital than people in other

Which of the following is the most likely cause of recent blooms of blue-green algae in lake erie?

Phosphorus contained in agricultural runoff

The suns radiation provides energy for all off the following except

Plate tectonics

Which of the following measures would be most likely to promote fertility above replacement level

Public housing priority for families with more than two children

A gaseous decay product of uranium that is found in rocks

Radon

A leading cause of lung cancer in the US

Radon

This region has been the largest pertroleum exporter for the past four decades

Saudi arabia

Which of the following is the best description of bioaccumulation

The absorption of a substance by an organism at a rate greater than the rate of elimination

Which of the following would have been the most likely result?

The concentration of O3 would have been lower

Construction of a solar power plant is proposed for a desert area near a school. A student has hypothesized that the shade cast by the solar panels will increase the mortality of creosote bush, a native desert plant in the area. Before construction begins, what experimental data should the student collect in order to eventually test the hypothesis?

The direct sunlight recieved by creosote bush in the desert area during a 12 month period

Which of the following is the most likely explanation of how herbicides affect amphibians?

The herbicides act as endocrine disruptors

Which of the following is true about utility bills for these consumers?

Then bills do not include public health costs, such as those associated with air pollution

Which of the following is considered an advantage of using nuclear power to generate electricity?

There is no CO2 emitted from the nuclear reaction.

Which of the following will be the greatest impact of the development on the local water supply?

There will be less recharge of groundwater

Which of the following is true about the clean air act amendment of 1990

They regulated the emission of CO2 by power plants

Which of the following Is the most likely explanation of the data

Two of the samples were collected from an A horizon, and the others were collected from a B horizon

Damaging tornadoes occur most frequently in this area

US

Area where new crust is being created at a divergent plate boundary

Under greenland

The best explanation for lower humidity is that

Warm air rises at the equator, cools, and sinks at 30 latitude

Which of the following is an example of carbon sink?

deposition of organic matter on the deep ocean floor

Which of the following accuratelyh describes a fuel cell vehicle

fuel cell vehicles use hydrogen to generate electricity that runs the motor

Which of the following diagrams correctly illustrates the nitrogen cycle?

A

Increased atmospheric CO2 concentration over the next 50 years is expected to cause which of the following global changes?

A significant loss of biodiversity in the tropics

Eutrophication results in the death of trout and other fish as a result of

Asphyxiation from lack of oxygen

Which of the following is the human health impact most closely associated with atmospheric particulates?

Asthma

Which environment is characterized by rhe highest diversity of tree species

B

All of the following are negatice externalities EXCEPT

Bees pollinating vegetables in addition to creating honey

The line labeled K represents the

Carrying capacity of the population

Area that exhibits a growing nonvolcanic mountain chain due to uplift

China

Major anthropogenic sources of nitrogen pollution include commercial fertilizers, vehicle exhaust, industrial air pollution

Discharge of sewage to surface waters

Surface oceanic circulation results most directly in the

Distribution of heat from tropical to temperate and polar regions

A major limitation of using photovaltaic cells to generate electricity is that they

Do not produce as much electricity on cloudy days

However, anthropogenic water vapor does not contribute significantly to global warming because water vapor

Does not contain carbon

Which of the following questions is most appropriate to ask when investigating the cause of the change in the alpine meadows?

Has an increase in soil nitrates from air pollution allowed the invasive grasses to outcompete the native plants

Which of the following correctly links a negative human health effect to an anthropogenic source of fine particulate matter?

High rates of respiratory disease from powe4r plant emissions

Which of the following statements is best supported by the population doubling times indicated on the map ?

India has a higher population growth rate than china and Australia have

What important phenomenon that often plays a role in air pollution episodes is illustrates in the diagram above?

Inversion

Which of the following is true of the ogallala aquifer

It underlies the US high plains and is being depleted by overuse

Area that exhibits island areas

Japan

Poses a health risk to humans who eat large quantities of marine fish such as swordfish and tuna

Mercury

Which of the following best explains the pattern in NO concentrations?

NO is produced rush hour-traffic and is quickly oxidized in the atmosphere

Red pine trees are currently found growing in only the cool northernmost areas of the central and eastern United States. Climate change is expected to have an impact on the distribution of the species. Which of the following describes the most likely change to the distribution of red pine over the next 200 years?

Red pine distribution will shift northward into canada

Based on these data, which site is most likely immediately downstream from the dairy farm

Site C

Small isolated islands have a greater rate of species extinction

Small isolated islandss have a lower availability of resources

Phytoplankton are most abundant in the upper few hundred feet of most bodies of water because

Sunlight does not penetrate to great depths in water

Which of the following best explains the relationship between the El nino event and the population decline?

Warmer ocean temperatures can cause fish to move to colder water farther from pelican nest sites.

The spread of infectious diseases is expected to increase with climate change, mainly because

Warmer temperatures allow disease-carrying insects to survive in areas that were once too cold

Which of the following is the best example of the tradgedy of the commons

Water pollution from oil rigs concentrated in the Gulf of Mexico

Which is a reason why hybrid electric vehicles use less fossil fuel per mile traveled than a typical internal combustion engine vehicle uses

When the brakes are applied in hybrid electric vehicles, kinetic energy is converted into electric energy to charge the batteries that assist the electric motor