apes module 14-17 mc
At which time after clear-cutting does the ecosystem exhibit the greatest species richness?
100 years
Which of the following was the number of finches in the population with a beak size of 10.2 mm in 1978? a. 8 b. 12 c. 40 d. 65
12
The pH at which 50 percent of the Daphnia survive after 2 hours of exposure can be predicted from the data. This pH is closest to
4.5
On the basis of the data, the best prediction of the pH of the water in which Daphnia normally are found in the wild is
7
Which of the following was the average beak size of finches on the island of Daphne Major in 1976? a. 8.8 mm b. 9.5 mm c. 10.2 mm d. 13.8 mm
9.5
Which of the following best shows the process of evolution?
A population of mosquitoes develops resistance to a pesticide
Which of the following statements about levels of biodiversity is correct?
A population with high genetic biodiversity is better able to respond to environmental stressors.
Highly specialized species tend to evolve on islands because of the environmental conditions and resource availability. Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following would most likely experience the greatest decline of specialist species if an invasive species emigrated from the mainland?
A small island in close proximity to the mainland
Which of the following claims is best supported by the data in the graph?
After the volcanic eruption, pioneer species colonized the area and the ecosystem began to undergo succession.
Which of the following explanations is best supported by the data shown in the map above?
Animals migrate seasonally to mate and to find food in different habitats
bull trout Which of the following best identifies the author's claim?
Bull trout are unable to live in high sediment loaded waters and migrated to avoid the conditions introduced during dam deconstruction.
Which of the following best explains how environmental stressors, such as wildfires, can affect biodiversity in an ecosystem?
Ecosystems with more species diversity are more likely to recover after a disturbance than ecosystems with low species diversity.
Which of the following can be used to assess the biological diversity of an area?
Genetic variation within each species and number of species present
Which of the following would most likely result from the deforestation of large areas of tropical rain forests caused by slash-and-burn agriculture?
Increased global temperature because of the release of CO2
Which of the following is most likely to be the direct result of lack of genetic diversity in a food crop such as corn?
Increased susceptibility on plant disease
The data shown were collected in a laboratory experiment in which the effect of pH on the survival of water fleas (Daphnia pulex) was examined. In each trial, 40 live water fleas were added to a solution with the pH as indicated. After two hours, observations were made to determine the number of fleas remaining alive in the sample. Results are presented in the table and in graphical form above. How would including a control group be useful in this experiment?
It would provide a reference for the effects of random environmental factors
The table below shows measurements of the beak size of a sample of ten ground finches on each of two islands in the Galápagos archipelago. The two islands are about ten kilometers apart, and all the birds are the same species. Given that beak size is genetically determined, which of the following hypotheses is the most likely explanation for the differences in data between the islands?
Large-beaked birds move to Santa Cruz Island and small-beaked birds move to Daphne Island.
A North Carolina timber company proposes to clear-cut 45 hectares of oak-hickory deciduous forest in the Appalachian Mountains. The company has said that the forest will regrow naturally, and 50 years after the clear-cutting the company plans to harvest again, cutting all the oaks and hickories that have at least a 40-centimeter diameter. A local citizens' group claims that this is not a realistic plan. Which of the following, if true, best supports the claim of the citizens' group?
Oak and hickory are late-successional species; pioneer species will dominate for many decades before the oaks and hickories are reestablished.
Based on the data shown in the graph, which of the following events occurred after the glacial retreat?
Primary succession
"Study Finds aardvarks suffering as African climate heats up," Christopher Torchia, Phys.org, Which of the following best identifies the author's claim?
Providing aardvarks with more burrows will help them maintain their body temperature and increase survival rates.
Which of the following correctly describes the disruption of an ecosystem service by an anthropogenic activity?
Provisioning services are disrupted by increased combustion of fossil fuels, which leads to an increase in air pollution.
Based on the data shown in the graph, which of the following best describes how ecologists could determine when this ecosystem is approaching a climax community?
Record the number and type of producers present every year after the eruption
Which of the following would be categorized as a cultural ecosystem service of forests?
Recreation and scenic areas for tourism
For which of the following reasons do small isolated islands have a greater rate of species extinction than larger, less isolated islands?
Small isolated islands have a lower availability of resources.
A one-hectare pond is sampled in early September. The sample yields 1 small catfish as well as 17 benthic invertebrates that represent 10 species. If the pond is resampled a year later, which of the following would best indicate that the pond had been adversely affected by adjacent development?
The biodiversity of the pond has decreased.
News release adapted from the United States Geological Survey Which of the following best identifies the author's claim?
The increased rainfall events in the United States are decreasing the tolerance of fish and other marine species in the Gulf of Mexico because of a decreased concentration of oxygen
Which of the following statements correctly describes the trends seen in the data?
The lowest sea level occurred during the Paleogene period.
A 163163 square-kilometer (km2km2) small island is found 2,000km2,000km from the mainland. A second, larger, 230,000km2230,000km2 island is found 1,000km1,000km from the mainland. Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following statements is most likely true about the small island when compared with the large island?
The rate of immigration is lower for the small island than for the large island.
Which of the following statements best explains the changes in the size and composition of the population of finches after the drought? he total number of finches in the population increased, and the smaller-beaked finches were more successful in the drier environment.
The total number of finches in the population decreased, and the larger-beaked finches were more successful in the drier environment.
Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following is the most likely reason that an island in the ocean that is 5 kilometers from a continent would have a higher number of species than one that is 15 kilometers from a continent?
There are more species that have the ability to travel 5 kilometers than can travel 15 kilometers.
The diagrams above show the range of tolerance for soil moisture content for two different species of terrestrial invertebrate: Species 1 and Species 2. The ranges represented are for each species where it occurs alone. Soil moisture content is a limiting factor for both species. If populations of both species are placed together in a new location, which of the following diagrams represents the most likely actual (realized) ranges of the species' distribution of individuals with respect to soil moisture content after five generations?
a
All of the following are negative externalities EXCEPT
bees pollinating vegetables in addition to creating honey
The consumption of mosquitoes by bats and the control of flooding provided by tropical forests in mountainous areas of Central America are examples of
ecosystem services
In North America, native pollinators often increase the quantity and quality of crops of native plants that are insect pollinated more effectively than European honeybees do. The most likely reason for the phenomenon is that native pollinators
have coevolved with native plant species
Based on the data shown in the graph, when would the species richness of the ecosystem have been the lowest?
one to four years after the volcanic eruption
Which of the following is the best example of a keystone species?
sea otter
A one-hectare pond is sampled in early September. The sample yields 1 small catfish as well as 17 benthic invertebrates that represent 10 species. Which of the following can be estimated from the sample for the invertebrates in the pond?
the species richness
Small populations of animals, such as those typically found on islands, are prone to extinction because
they contain a high degree of genetic variability
Which tree species grows best with full sunlight?
white oak