APES Modules 17, 18, 19 Questions

Which type of population distribution can help provide organisms with protection from predators? a. random distribution b. uniform distribution c. clumped distribution d. either random or uniform distribution e. either uniform or clumped distribution

C. clumped distribution

Which did NOT cause rapid growth in a population? a. elimination of a pollutant b. elimination of predators c. increase in food supply d. introduction of a new parasite e. introduction into a new habitate

C. increase in food supply

The population size (N) of Kenyan lions is: A. the maximum number of lions that can survive in Kenya B. the estimated number of lions living within each square mile in Africa C. The estimated number of lions living in South Africa D. the number of lions born in Kenya over the past 50 years E. The estimated number of lions in Kenya during the time of measurement.

C. the estimated number of lions living in South Africa

A population of mushrooms is experiencing exponential growth. When graped this population would display an ____-shaped curve since the population _____ limited by resources. a. S; is always b. S; is not currently c. J; is D. J; is not currently e. J; is always

D. J; is not currently

A Koalas diet is mainly composed of eucalyptus leaves. Although eucalyptus leaves are low in nutrional value and poisonous to many animals, koalas inhabit eucalyptus woodlands and generally sleep on the trees themselves. In this example the koala is most likely: A. A niche generalist b. a community specialist c. a habitat specialist d. a niche specialist e. a habitat generalist

D. a niche specialist

Cycloclasticus is a genus of bacteria that consumes hydrocarbons, which are a major component of all forms of oil. Cycloclasticus populations have been increasing recently in the Gulf of Mexico following the BP Deep water Horizon oil spill. Assume that an oil spill of 500 liters can sustain 20,000 Cycloclasticus bacterium. If there was a 2,000 liter oil spill, what would be the carrying capacity for Cycloclasticus bacterium? A. 20,000 B. 40,000 C. 60,000 D. 80,000 E. 5,000

E. 5,000

Which endangered species has suffered inbreeding depression because of population size? A. prairie dog B. African lion C. grizzly bear D. Asian grass carp e. Florida panther

E. Florida panther

The intrinsic growth rate of a population: A. is the number of yearly births in a population B. is the number of yearly births minus the number of yearly deaths in a population C. is the minimum number of births likely to occur in a population under ideal conditions D. is the maximum potential for growth in a population under ideal conditions E. is the maximum potential for growth in a population given limited resources

E. is the maximum potential for growth in a population given limited resources

Which factor is NOT typically density-dependent in an animal population? A. nesting sites b. food c. water d. shelter from cold e. severe storms

E. severe storms

How might a meteorite landing on Earth lead to a worldwide mass extinction? a. a collision would produce a dust cloud that blocks sunlight, reducing photosynthesis b. a collision would crush a large number of organisms, reducing population sizes c. a collision would destroy a large area of habitat, reducing population sizes d. a collision would increase global temperatures rapidly and populations would not be able to adapt e. a collision would produce a large dust cloud, reducing overall air quality.

a. a collision would produce a dust cloud that blocks sunlight, reducing photosynthesis

When mosquitoes are very abundant in an area, purple matins flock to that area and specialize on them. When mosquito populations are not large, purple martins go elsewhere. The movement of the birds is related to: a. a density-independent factor b. a density-dependent factor c. ecosystem carrying capacity d. community carrying capacity e. both ecosystem carrying capacity and community carrying capacity

a. a density-independent factor

Two species that have a high degree of niche overlap will a. compete intensely b. speciate c. interbreed d. be a predator-prey pair e. coexist peacefully

a. compete intensely

Which factor would lead to the most rapid rate of evolution? a. large population size b. genetically modified organisms c. natural selection d. long generation time e. low genetic variation

a. large population size

The ____ growth model is used to predict the growth of populations that are subject to density-______ constraints, such as increased competition for food, water, or nest sites. A. logistic; dependent b. logistic; independent c. exponential; independent d. exponential; dependent e. exponential; carrying capacity

a. logistic; dependent

Which pair would most increase the rate of evolution within a species? a. slow environmental change and high genetic variation b. rapid environmental change and large population size c. long generation times and low genetic variation d. large population size and slow environmental change e. short generation time and small population size

a. slow environmental change and high genetic variation

a population of rabbits, introduced to an island, has rapid growth for a few years and then slows. What is a likely reason for this pattern? a. the carrying capacity has been reached b. the sex ratio has changed c. immigration has diminished d. the intrinsic growth rate has changed e. the population has experienced a die-off.

a. the carrying capacity has been reached

If a population of 100 birds increases to 120 birds in a year, what is its rate of growth? a. 0.16 b. 0.20 c. 1.2 d. 2 e. 20

b. 0.20

All of the populations of organisms within a given area make up: a. an ecosystem b. a community c. a trophic level d. a biosphere e. a genus

b. a community

Which would result in the highest rate of evolution a. a rapidly changing environment b. a population with high genetic variation c. a long generation time d. few variations of phenotype and genotypes e. drastic changed to the environment

b. a population with high genetic variation

Which is not considered to be a factor in the current increase in extinction rates? a. habitat destruction b. natural selection c. overharvesting d. introduction of invasive species e. climate change

b. natural selection

Loblolly pine requires a minimum temperature to grow and thrive. Under current conditions, it is common in the Southeastern region of the United States. If average temperatures increase throughout the United States, how would you expect the distribution of the loblolly pine to change? a. spread south b. spread north c. spread east d. spread west e. not change

b. spread north

How many known mass extinction have occurred since the evolution of complex life 500 million years ago? a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 7 e. 8

c. 5

Which would least affect the ability of a species to adapt to a new environment? a. population size b. generation time c. amount of parental care d. genetic variation e. rate of environmental change

c. amount of parental care

Climate change poses a threat to niches of living organisms and to their survival. Niche ______ are more likely to survive changing climate conditions because ________. a. specialists; they have a variety of food sources and acceptable temperature ranges b. specialists; they are more populous on Earth c. generalists; they have a variety of food sources and acceptable habitats d. specialists; they have a larger quantity of available food sources e. generalists; they have less competition

c. generalists they have a variety of food sources and acceptable habitats

Which of the following is not a K-selected species? a. elephant b. human c. mouse d. panda e. zebra

c. mouse

Which species would be most vulnerable to environmental changes? a. Species with a large population b. niche generalists c. niche specialists d. species with rapid reproductive rates e. species with high genetic variation

c. niche specialists

If two similar species each occupy a smaller niche when they live together than they would if they lived alone, they are said to be a. involved in succession b. partitioning resources c. coevolving d. increasing niche overlap e. engaging in mimicry

d. increasing niche overlap

Which would not be considered when determining the fundamental niche of a species? a. re productivity rate b. pH tolerance c. temperature tolerance d. salinity e. soil moisture content

d. salinity

Which is not related to geographic isolation? a. the founder effect b. an island colonized by a new group of birds c. allopatric speciation d. sympatric speciation e. a population separated into two by a natural disturbamce

d. sympatric speciation

Which is a density-independent factor that can limit population size? A. predation B. weather c. availability of nest site d. competition e. food quantity

e. food quantity

Characteristics of an r-selected species include: 1. many offspring 2. fast population growth rate 3. short time to reproductive maturity a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 1 and 2 e. all of the above

e. all of the above

If you were studying the niche of a bird species, you might investigate a. the food it eats b. its predators c. the temperature it needs to survive d. the places where it builds its nest e. all of the above

e. all of the above

A population of rabbits lives in a meadow with a depression that runs through the middle. The depression fills in with water and becomes a river that separates the population into two groups. Over a very long period the two populations develop into entirely different species, no longer capable of reproducing with each other. This is an example of: a. artificial selection b. mutation c. sympatric speciation d. the bottleneck effect e. allopatric speciation

e. allopatric speciation

An inbreeding depression can lead to: a. an increase in disease resistance b. a decrease in unviable offspring c. an increase in gene flow d. a decrease in species extinction e. an increase in the expression of harmful genetic mutations

e. an increase in the expression of harmful genetic mutations

Which would not be a benefit of higher genetic diversity within a species? a. higher disease resistance b. more likely to survive environmental change c. increased access to beneficial traits d. more diversity of species e. less potential for inbreeding depression

e. less potential for inbreeding depression

According to figure 5-3, species A has a ______ range of tolerance in terms of pH because __________. a. larger; Species A has a higher level of species performance b. larger; Species B is more competitive c. larger; species B can only survive with a low variability of pH d. smaller; species A can only survive with a neutral pH e. smaller; Species A can only survive in a narrower pH band

e. smaller; Species A can only survive in a narrower pH band

What is one reason for a random distribution pattern among a particular species in a community? a. the species tends to form social groups b. the species is territorial c. resources are not limiting d. the species emits toxic chemicals e. the species is breeding

e. the species is breeding

What is one reason for an even distribution pattern among a particular species in a community? a. the species forms hierarchical social groups b. the species is breeding c. resources are not limiting d. members of the species mate for life e. the species is territorial

e. the species is territorial

Which is NOT a reason that populations of predators increase when populations of prey are high? A. predator nutrition is better b. it is easier to find prey c. the prey population may be weakened by competition for resources d. reproductive output may increase e. there is more competition among predators for prey

e. there is more competition among predators for prey