APES Test Review

Most of the Earth's deserts are at approximately 30° latitude, north and south, because these latitudes are characterized by

descending dry air currents

Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the following elements. (A) Oxygen (B) Aluminum (C) Iron (D) Nitrogen (E) Argon The most abundant element in Earth's atmosphere

nitrogen

Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the following regions of Earth's atmosphere. (A) Thermosphere (B) Exosphere (C) Troposphere (D) Mesosphere (E) Stratosphere The beneficial ozone layer is in this region of the atmosphere.

stratosphere

Region where the protective ozone layer is located

stratosphere

Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the locations marked by letters on the world map below. Each set of lettered choices below refers to the numbered questions or statements immediately following it. Select the one lettered choice that best answers each question or best fits each statement and then fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. A choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all in each set. The intraplate location where hot-spot volcanism is occurring

A

Which of the lettered choices in the soil profile above represents the region with the greatest concentration of organic material?

A

dents want to determine the impact of soil erosion from the development of new housing. They plan to measure the density of a species of algae growing along the bottom of a river that flows through their town. The town is built in a heavily forested area, but a large area of trees along the river was recently clear-cut to allow for the construction of a new housing development, which has caused exposed soil to wash into the river. The river flows north to south through the town and is still forested both up- and downstream of the town. Which of the following would be the best control sample for the study?

A sample of water collected just downstream of the northern forest

Directions: The following questions(s) refer to the lettered areas of the map below. Area where new crust is being created at a divergent plate boundary

B

Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the locations marked by letters on the world map below. Each set of lettered choices below refers to the numbered questions or statements immediately following it. Select the one lettered choice that best answers each question or best fits each statement and then fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. A choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all in each set. The location where new crust is being created at a divergent plate boundary

C

Which of the following shows the approximate concentration of CO2 , N2 , and O2 in dry air?

CO2N2O2< 1%78%21%

Which of the following is the correct order of soil particles in order of increasing size?

Clay—silt—sand

Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the following processes. (A) Photosynthesis (B) Eutrophication (C) Denitrification (D) Decomposition (E) Transpiration The rapid rate of this process in tropical forests results in low-nutrient soils

Decomposition

Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the locations marked by letters on the world map below. Each set of lettered choices below refers to the numbered questions or statements immediately following it. Select the one lettered choice that best answers each question or best fits each statement and then fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. A choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all in each set. The location where one tectonic plate is being forced beneath another, creating a volcanic arc.

E

Directions: The following questions(s) refer to the lettered areas of the map below. Area that exhibits island arcs

E

Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the data table below that shows the annual anchovy catch and average sea surface temperature off the coast of Peru from 1995 through 2001. The high sea surface temperature in 1998 was most likely due to

El Niño

El Nino and La Niña are natural phenomena associated with changing water temperatures in the Pacific Ocean. The occurrence of these events can result in changes in global weather and ocean circulation patterns. Which of the following is a positive effect likely to result from an El Niño event?

Fewer hurricanes forming in the Central Atlantic basin

Reasons that human populations historically have settled in floodplains include which of the following? The soil in floodplains is usually fertile. The terrain in floodplains tend to be flat. Floodplains are close to rivers for transportation.

I, II, III

The most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere is

Nitrogen

Which soil composition would be the best choice for lining a landfill?

Point W

During an El Niño-Southern Oscillation event, which of the following best describes conditions in the eastern part of the tropical Pacific Ocean (e.g., near Peru and Ecuador)?

Sea Surface Temperature - High Rainfall - High

Which soil indicated on the soil triangle above would most likely have the highest water-holding capacity?

Soil C

The graph below shows the altitude and temperature for different layers of Earth's atmosphere Based on the diagram, which of the following identifies a characteristic of the atmosphere between the stratopause and the tropopause?

The ozone layer is in the stratosphere.

Which of the following factors is fundamentally responsible for seasons on Earth?

The tilt of Earth's axis of rotation

Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the following regions of Earth's atmosphere. (A) Thermosphere (B) Exosphere (C) Troposphere (D) Mesosphere (E) Stratosphere The phenomenon causing global warming occurs primarily in this region of the atmosphere.

Trophosphere

El Niño, a periodic warming of ocean surface waters, occurs in which of the following regions?

Tropical East Pacific

Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the following regions of Earth's atmosphere. (A) Thermosphere (B) Exosphere (C) Troposphere (D) Mesosphere (E) Stratosphere Most oxygen is found in this layer of the atmosphere.

Troposphere

The primary cause of Earth's seasons is the

constant tilt of Earth's rotational axis with respect to the plane of its orbit around the Sun

The diagram below is an illustration of global atmospheric circulation. Which of the following is a biome found at 30° N and 30° S as seen in the diagram?

deserts

The axis of Earth in relation to the Sun is tilted at a 23.5 degree slant, as illustrated in the diagram below. Use the diagram below to answer the next three questions. Which of the following correctly describes the season and length of day at the Tropic of Cancer at the time of year shown in the diagram?

he Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun so it is winter at the Tropic of Cancer and daylight is less than twelve hours per day.

The water-holding capacity of soil is LEAST likely to be affected by the addition of which of the following?

pesticide

Most volcanism in the world is associated with

plate boundaries

The Sun's radiation provides the energy for all of the following EXCEPT

plate tectonics

Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the data table below that shows the annual anchovy catch and average sea surface temperature off the coast of Peru from 1995 through 2001. The low anchovy catch in 1998 was most likely the result of

reduced ocean upwelling along the coast

Of the following, which has the greatest permeability

sand

Most deserts on Earth are located near the 30° north and 30° south latitudes because humidity is lower at 30°. The best explanation for the lower humidity is that

warm air rises at the equator, cools, and sinks at 30° latitude