APES Unit 2 Test

The data shown were collected in a laboratory experiment in which the effect of pH on the survival of water fleas ( Daphnia pulex ) was examined. In each trial, 40 live water fleas were added to a solution with the pH as indicated. After 2 hours, observations were made to determine the number of fleas remaining alive in the sample. Results are presented in the table and in graphical form above.

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which of the following best shows the process of evolution?

A population of mosquitoes develops resistance to a pesticide

Which of the following statements about levels of biodiversity is correct?

A population with high genetic biodiversity is better able to respond to environmental stressors

Which of the following explanation is best supported by the data shown in the map?

Animals migrate seasonally to mate and to find food in different habitats

Bull trout use a bewildering array of strategies to aid in their survival, from remaining in streams their whole lives, like rainbow trout, to spending part of their lives in the ocean before returning to streams to spawn, just as salmon do.Bull trout are present in only one of two neighboring rivers in the Olympic peninsula, Washington state, and in this one (the Elwha River), where two large dams were removed. Dam removal resulted in massive outflow of sediments, reducing the clarity of the water and also building up a large delta and expanding the size of the estuary at the mouth of the Elwha River.Sampling for bull trout before, during, and after dam removal was used to detect whether bull trout changed their use of the Elwha River estuary or moved into the adjacent Salt Creek stream where they were formerly absent. Sampling revealed no movement into Salt Creek, but numbers of bull trout in the Elwha River estuary increased greatly during and immediately after dam removal, coinciding with large sediment outflow, before returning to their original low levels. Thus, bull trout appear to have used the enlarged estuary as a refuge from the effects of dam removal, then returning to the ri

Bull trout are unable to live in high sediment loaded waters and migrated to avoid the conditions introduced during dam destruction

Living organisms must acquire energy from their environment. Examples of adaptations that help organisms acquire this energy include which of the following? I. The dark, heat-absorbing coloration of a reptile II. The fangs and claws of a lion III. The light coloration of a peppered moth

I and II only

Which of the following is most likely to be the direct result of lack of genetic diversity in a food crop such as corn?

Increased susceptibility on plant disease

The many finch species of the Galapagos Islands evolved from a single species that immigrated to the islands from the coast of South America. These species differ primarily in beak shape, which is closely related to the type of food each species specializes in eating. Which of the following best explains why each of the finch species on the Galapagos Islands evolved to be specialists?

Islands have limited food resources, forcing species yo feed on a small range of food items,

The Chatham Island robin is a small endangered bird found in scrub forests off the coast of New Zealand. The robin is preyed upon by introduced species such as cats and rats. In 1980, the population decreased to only individuals and every individual today is a descendent of a single female. Which of the following is best illustrated in the decline of the Chatham Island robins?

Population bottleneck

The graph shows data about three tree species after a glacial retreat. Based on the data shown in the graph, which of the following events occurred after the glacial retreat?

Primary succession

The diagram shows the change in ecosystem over time. Which of the following best identifies and describes the process that is illustrated in the diagram?

Primary succession, because the process in the diagram begins with bare rock

Which of the following correctly describes the disruption of an ecosystem service by an anthropogenic activity?

Provisioning services are disrupted by increased combustion of fossil fuels, which leads to an increase in air pollution

Which of the following would be categorized as a cultural ecosystem service of forests?

Recreation and scenic areas for tourism

Which of the following best describes why secondary succession generally occurs more quickly than primary succession?

Secondary succession takes place in areas that already have soil and nutrients in place, whereas primary succession occurs in areas that lack soil

The graph shows the change in sea level from the Cambrian period to present day sea level. Which of the following statements correctly describes the trends seen in the data?

The lowest sea level occurred during the Paleogene period

n England approximately 250years ago, the peppered moth had light-colored wing patterns that camouflaged them against the light-colored trees. Over time in urban areas, the number of peppered moths with dark-colored wings increased as pollution from the Industrial Revolution darkened the trees the moths rested on.Which of the following statements best describes how the moths adapted to the new environment over time?

The moths adapted to the new environment by changes in the genetics of the population

The Devils Hole pupfish is one of the world's rarest fishes, spending most of its life in the top few meters of very warm waters of a cavern located in the middle of the Mojave Desert. Devils Hole, a geologic pool, is the only naturally occurring habitat for the endangered Devils Hole pupfish. This fish's habitat is one of the smallest natural ranges known for any vertebrate. Devils Hole is an extreme environment, with water temperatures and dissolved oxygen concentrations near the lethal limits for most fish species. Which of the following statements best explains why the Devils Hole pupfish are able to live in this environment?

The pupfish are well adapted to the habitat of Devils Hole and can thrive in conditions that are outside of the range of tolerance for most other species.

the consumption of mosquitoes by bats and the control of flooding provided by tropical forests in mountains areas of Central America are examples of

ecosystem services

Five islands, A,B,C,D, and E, differ only in distance from mainland, area, and species diversity. Which island would be predicted to have the highest species diversity?

island B distance from mainland 50 kilometers area 1x10^6 hectares

Based on the data shown in the graph, when would species richness of the ecosystem have been the lowest?

one to four years after the volcanic eruption

small populations of animals, such as those typically found on islands, are prone to extinction

they are more vulnerable to unpredictable events