APES Unit 5 Review

Which of the following accurately describes a benefit of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs)?

CAFOs are efficient in terms of land use and relatively low-cost facilities that help keep consumer costs low.

Which of the following is the best illustration of the tragedy of the commons?

Depletion of fishing stocks in the North Atlantic

If an area was originally forested and then underwent urban development, which of the following shows the most likely effects on various parts of the water cycle in the area?

Evaporation and Transpiration: decrease, Runoff: increase, Groundwater Recharge: decrease

Which of the following changes to the local hydrologic cycle will result if large areas of land experienced clear-cutting?

Evaporation of water from the soil will increase.

Which of the following irrigation methods is most likely to result in salinization of the soil, especially if the agricultural fields are located in a warm climate with consistent sunlight?

Flood and Furrow Irrigation

Which of the following best describes a disadvantage of using genetically engineered crops over crops that are not genetically modified?

Genetically engineered plants can decrease the genetic diversity of the crop.

Which of the following best describes an advantage of using genetically engineered crops?

Genetically engineered plants can reduce the need for pesticides if they're modified to resist the pest on their own.

The development of dangerous strains of disease organisms represents a significant consequence of which of the following agricultural practices?

Incorporating antibiotics into the feeding regimens of densely concentrated livestock

Which of the following best describes an environmental advantage of urbanization?

Individuals living in cities usually have a lower transportation carbon footprint than individuals living in rural areas.

Industrial logging threatens many forested ecosystems. Which of the following environmental consequences will most likely result from clear-cutting deciduous forests for logging?

More carbon dioxide will accumulate in the atmosphere and increase anthropogenic climate change.

Rapid runoff following a heavy rainfall may cause flooding downstream from urban areas. Which urban design strategy will most likely slow water runoff though an urban area and decrease the risk of downstream flooding?

Preserve open areas with intact vegetation

Which of the following is most likely to increase both the nutrient levels and the bacterial content of lake water?

Runoff from a nearby hog farm

Which of the following best describes acid mine drainage?

The leakage of water containing toxic materials from coal and metal mines

Which of the following best describes the process known as "mountaintop removal"?

The use of heavy equipment to move overburden downhill during the strip mining of coal

Integrated pest management uses a variety of techniques to reduce pest populations while reducing the economic damage caused by pests. Which of the following techniques is a mechanical IPM method for reducing pests?

The use of screens or traps to prevent pests from entering the crop area

Saltwater intrusion is a growing problem in places in the United States including in the coastal cities of Savannah, Georgia, Cape May, New Jersey, and Tampa Bay, Florida. Which of the following is the most likely cause of saltwater intrusion into freshwater municipal wells in these cities located near the coastline?

Urbanization and population growth, which lead to overpumping from aquifers

Which of the following solutions would help decrease flood frequencies and flood sizes that are caused by urbanization?

Using new, more permeable materials for roads and sidewalks

Which type of pesticide provides the benefit of being an "all in one chemical," but can also kill unintended targets like natural, beneficial predators?

broad spectrum pesticide

Which of the following is a commercially used method for harvesting trees and is most likely to lead to a fragmented landscape with serious impacts on biodiversity?

clear-cutting

A farmer grows several crops on a farm that has mostly sandy soil. Which of the following irrigation methods would be the best suited for this farm?

drip irrigation

Which of the following methods of agricultural irrigation results in the loss of the least amount of water by evaporation?

drip irrigation

Overgrazing of grasslands can lead to reduced range quality. Two of the major effects of overgrazing are

erosion and desertification

Vegetarianism is often cited as a partial solution to the growing problem of deforestation and other types of habitat destruction as the human population continues to grow. The reason for this is

more people can be fed using less agricultural land because vegetarians eat at a lower trophic level

Before mining can begin the ________ must be moved out of the way. This includes all of the trees, rocks, and soil that are often dumped elsewhere in order to get at the valuable ore.

overburden

A farmer observes that increasingly higher concentrations of a particular pesticide have been required each year over the past ten years to achieve the same level of effectiveness on a specific insect pest. Which of the following best helps explain the observation?

some individual insects are more likely to survive and reproduce based on their inherited traits

Which type of mining is described below? -Overburden is typically not removed -Removes metal ore that are deep underground -Miners dig vertical shafts and blast open tunnels

subsurface mining

Which of the following best represents the goal of IPM?

the use of alternative methods to reduce the pest populations to an economically controllable level