APES Unit 7 multiple choice

Directions: The following question(s) refer to the following methods of solid-waste disposal and treatment A) Sanitary landfill B) Incineration C) Discharge to sewers, streams, and rivers D) Chemical treatment E) Biological treatment Which method introduces microorganisms to break down hazardous organic compounds?

Biological treatment

Which of the following best explains why DDT has been found in penguin eggs in the Antarctic? A) Chemicals used in one region of Earth can circulate in the biosphere and affect organisms in a distant region. B) The large number of penguins in Antarctica has resulted in a depletion of their preferred foods. C) Although DDT is toxic to adult birds, it has no effect on developing embryos. D) Chemicals like DDT are volatile and eventually make their way to the ozone layer. E) Because penguins incubate their eggs on land, the eggs are exposed to DDT.

Chemicals used in one region of Earth can circulate in the biosphere and affect organisms in a distant region.

Alligators in a Florida lake polluted by high levels of dioxins (chlorinated hydrocarbons) had low testosterone levels and failed to reproduce. Scientists came to the conclusion that the dioxins were acting as which of the following? A) Endocrine disrupters B) Growth hormones C) Carcinogens D) Immune-system suppressors E) Mutagens

Endocrine disrupters

Of the following, which is the best example of a point source of water pollution? A) Factory effluent B) Storm water C) Acid precipitation D) Agricultural runoff E) Residential pesticide runoff

Factory effluent

For a certain insecticide, the LD-50 dosage level for rats is determined to be 250 milligrams per kilograms of body mass. On the basis of this information, which of the following is the best prediction regarding the consequences of receiving this dosage of the insecticide? A) Fifty percent of any rat population would be sickened. B) Fifty percent of the population of any warm-blooded animal would die. C) Fifty percent of any population of mosquitoes would die. D) Five hundred out of every one thousand people would experience acute effects. E) Five hundred out of every one thousand rats would die.

Five hundred out of every one thousand rats would die.

Regulations that deal directly with the disposal of hazardous materials in the United States include which of the following? I) RCRA II) Clean Water Act III) Clean Air Act

I only

Critics of incineration of municipal solid waste suggests that it may not be the best solution for the future, for which of the following reasons? A) Incineration produces ash that increases landfill volume. B) Incineration generates methane. C) Incineration involves advanced technology. D) Incineration contributes to air pollution. E) Incineration requires large energy input.

Incineration contributes to air pollution.

The use of which of the following to control agricultural insect pests is most likely to have a negative and persistent impact on an ecosystem? A) Bacillus thuringiensis, a soil organism that kills insect larvae B) Braconid sp., a parasitic wasp C) Insecticidal soap, a surfactant that kills through suffocation D) Lindane, a chlorinated hydrocarbon E)Rotenone, a toxic plant derivative

Lindane, a chlorinated hydrocarbon

Which of the following is an effective alternative to chlorine for disinfecting wastewater in a municipal treatment plant? A) Freon B) Alcohol C) Phosphate D) Ammonia E) Ozone

Ozone

Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the following. A) Safe Drinking Water Act B) Clean Water Act C) Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) D) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act E) Toxic Substances Control Act Establishes cradle-to-grave tracking of hazardous waste

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

Which of the following is the usual cause of cultural eutrophication in surface waters of both developed and developing countries? A) Lack of proper filtration devices for power plant effluents B) Introduction of cyanobacteria to streams and rivers C) Runoff of metal ions in bodies of water D) Runoff of nitrate compounds into bodies of water E) Runoff of herbicides into bodies of water

Runoff of nitrate compounds into bodies of water

Directions: The following question(s) refer to the following methods of solid-waste disposal and treatment A) Sanitary landfill B) Incineration C) Discharge to sewers, streams, and rivers D) Chemical treatment E) Biological treatment Which method is used most frequently in the United States today?

Sanitary landfill

Which of the following best illustrates point-source pollution? A) Toxic sediments in the delta of a major river B) Increase in NOx in a traffic-clogged city C) Dust blowing off unpaved roads D) Smoke emitted from forest fires E) Smokestack emissions from a large smelting company

Smokestack emissions from a large smelting company

Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the figure below, which depicts the observed relation between dietary fat intake and rate of death from breast cancer in different countries. Which of the following statements is best supported by the data? A) Increased incidence of breast cancer is related to the average age of a country's population. B) The number of breast cancer deaths is proportional to the size of a country's population. C) Increase incidence of breast cancer is related to annual length of exposure to solar radiation. D) Persons who reside in colder climates are more susceptible to breast cancer than those who live in tropical regions. E) There is a positive correlation between breast cancer and dietary fate intake.

There is a positive correlation between breast cancer and dietary fate intake.

Ticks are vectors for various diseases. The ticks acquire the disease-causing organisms from A) polluted water B) feeding on host animals C) contact with other ticks D) trees and plants in a forest E) gene changes as they go through metamorphosis

feeding on host animals

When logging is carried out in a watershed, a likely effect on the local streams is A) mitigation of anoxia B) decreased nutrient levels C) decreased input of sediments D) increased oligotrophic conditions E) increased water temperature

increased water temperature

In a river ecosystem, dissolved oxygen concentrations drop quickly downstream from a point-source input of organic matter into the river. This effect is due to A) increasing populations of mayfly and stonefly larvae B) increasing activity of trout and black bass C) increasing bacterial activity as organic matter decays D) decreasing bacterial activity as turbidity increases E) decreasing water temperature as surface evaporation increases

increasing bacterial activity as organic matter decays

Lakes that are characterized by high water clarity and low concentrations of dissolved nutrients are classified as A) buffered B) climax C) eutrophic D) oligotrophic E) stratified

oligotrophic

In the United States, the largest single component of municipal solid waste is A) glass B) paper C) food scraps D) wood and other construction debris E) plastic

paper

An advantage of recycling aluminum rather than disposing of it in landfills is that aluminum can be A) produced from recycled metal using much less energy than is required for its production from aluminum ore B) produced from ore that is chemically reactive and dangerous to transport, store, and process C) produced from ore that is scarce and found primarily in remote, inhospitable regions at high latitudes D) absorbed by plants and then biomagnified in both terrestrial and aquatic food chains E) leached from landfills in the form of Al3+ ions that could increase the pH of lakes and streams

produced from recycled metal using much less energy than is required for its production from aluminum ore

Which of the following components of a wastewater treatment plants designed to facilitate the decomposition of organic material by aerobic microorganisms? A) Bar screen B) Grit-settling tank C) Activated-sludge tank D) Chlorination tank E) Ultraviolet-light array

Activated-sludge tank

In the removal of a pollutant from wastewater, which of the following is true of the cost per unit of pollutant removed? A) It decreases as the toxicity of the pollutant increases. B) It decreases as the time passed before remediation increases. C) It increases as the concentration of the pollutant decreases. D) It increases as the volume of the wastewater decreases. E) It does not change over time or with concentration of pollutant.

It increases as the concentration of the pollutant decreases.

Information gathered by a scientist abut the toxicity of chemical X and chemical Y showed that they had individual safe limits for fish at particular concentrations. But when they were used together at the safe concentrations, there were extensive fish kills. This is an example of A) homeostasis B) synergism C) commensalism D) bioaccumulation E) antagonism

synergism

Integrated waste management employs all of the following EXCEPT A) using refillable soft-drink bottles B) using disposable diapers instead of cloth diapers C) using reusable canvas bags instead of plastic or paper bags D) using tires for the construction of artificial reefs E) redesigning automobiles to replace steel parts with aluminum and plastic parts

using disposable diapers instead of cloth diapers

Which of the following is a measure of the amount of suspended material in water? A) Salinity B) Turbidity C) Trace-metal concentration D) Leachate concentration E) pH

Turbidity