APHG Chapter 9 Test

Compared to less developed countries, more developed countries have higher rates of A) literacy B) childhood mortality C) infectious disease D) illiteracy E) environmental pollution

A

Compared to less developed countries, more developed countries have lower A) percentages of GDP spent on education B) literacy rates C) numbers of teachers available per pupil D) numbers of years attending school E) amounts of spending per student

A

Examples of material conditions include A) drinking water and sewage systems B) systems of thought C) religious institutions D) division of jobs into different sectors E) political institutions

A

A country that has a higher level of development exhibits a(n) A) improvement in material conditions B) growth of the output of goods and services C) improvement of a product compared to the needed labor D) division of jobs into different sectors E) growth of political institutions

A

All of the following are considered more developed regions except A) Southwest Asia and North Africa B) North America C) Australia and New Zealand D) Europe E) Western Europe

A

Gender inequality is a challenge to development because A) it leads to larger family sizes B) it is associated with higher literacy rates and lower infant mortality rates C) it excludes all women from both the formal and informal economy D) it greatly enhances the economic and social mobility of women

A

Land parcels in the American Midwest tend to be rectilinear because A) the federal survey system adopted in the late eighteenth century imposed a geometric pattern on the landscape B) Native American settlement patterns were rectangular C) English-speaking settlers replicated the landscape patterns of England D) Spanish colonists laid out settlements in a rigid geometric pattern E) there were no mountains or rivers to use as boundaries

A

Petroleum reserves in Southwest Asia and North Africa are A) clustered primarily in the Persian (Arabian) Gulf states B) dispersed throughout the region C) concentrated primarily along the Mediterranean Sea D) primarily in Syria and Iraq E) clustered in fields along the western shore of the Red Sea

A

The European Union is an example of A) Supranationalism B) Nationalism C) A fragmented state D) A unitary state E) A nation state

A

The inequality-adjusted human development index of the United States is A) inferior to that of Canada and most Western European countries B) greater than any other country in the world C) inferior to that of Canada but superior to most Western European countries D) greater than Canada because a higher percentage of people in the United States have quality health care E) inferior to Western European countries but far superior to Canada

A

The literacy rate of any country correlates most closely with which of the following? A) Per capita income B) Annual precipitation rates C) Petroleum production D) General level of intelligence E) Population density

A

The principal benefit of the self-sufficiency approach is to promote A) balanced growth of all economic sectors B) global competitiveness for local industries C) the maintenance of a large bureaucracy D) unequal distribution of resources E) international trade

A

The provisions of the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea give coastal countries navigational and economic sovereignty over which of the following zones? A) Twelve-nautical-mile territorial sea zone B) Export processing zone (EPZ) C) 200-nautical-mile exclusive economic zone D) Empowerment zone' E) Continental shelf

A

Which of the following has fostered the most significant economic growth by eliminating import tariffs between member states? A) European Union (EU) B) Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) C) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) D) Association of Caribbean States (ACS) E) United Nations (UN)

A

Which one of the following statements is INCORRECT? A) the higher the GDP of a country, the more equal its income distribution B) the primary sector accounts for a larger share of GDP for LDCs than MDCs C) workers in MDCs are more productive than those in LDCs D) the HDI is a function of economics, social, and demographic indicators E) women participate in formal and informal economies even in LDCs with high levels of gender inequality

A

According to Rostow's development model, the process of development begins when A) a high percentage of national wealth is allocated to nonproductive activities B) an elite group initiates innovative activities C) take-off industries achieve technical advances D) workers become more skilled and specialized E) banking institutions are sufficiently mature

B

Although there are fewer developed countries in the world, altogether they consume about ________ energy as LDCs. A) twice as much total B) the same amount of total C) five times as much total D) half as much nonrenewable energy but five times as much renewable E) one-tenth as much

B

In less developed countries, consumer goods such as telephones, televisions, and motor vehicles are A) available for sharing by a large number of people B) unknown and unfamiliar to most people C) essential to rural life D) familiar to many but owned by relatively few E) available only through local manufacture

B

India and China are examples of countries which had pursued the self-sufficiency alternative to development. A) True B) False

B

One advantage of a large percentage of labor force in agriculture is the ability to generate a surplus of food for export. A) True B) False

B

One element of development in Southwest Asia and North Africa has been the loss of distinctive cultural characteristics. A) True B) False

B

Population density was traditionally low in North Africa because of A) its wet climate B) its dry climate C) Dutch colonial activity D) its high arithmetic density E) its low fertility rates

B

Saudi Arabia has successfully employed the international trade alternative primarily due to A) its consumer spending B) its petroleum reserves C) its regional cooperation D) its traditional social customs E) its strategic distribution location

B

The Gender Inequality Index (GII) A) compares the level of development of women in a country to the average development level of women in the world B) compares the levels of indicators for females to those of males within a country C) is composed of the same measures as the HDI but is applied only to women instead of the entire population D) combines economic and political indicators of empowerment E) cannot be used as an indicator of development in the United States

B

The North American region has high rates of material development but troubling levels of A) wealth B) inequality C) financial and management services D) spiritual development E) educational attainment

B

Which of the following best describes the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) between the United States, Canada, and Mexico? A) An open-border region with free movement of labor B) A multinational trade zone in which most tariffs have been eliminated C) A protectionist coalition that denies trade access from other countries D) A monetary union with a single currency E) An economic and security bloc designed to eliminate drug trafficking

B

With respect to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) between the United States, Canada and Mexico, which of the following statements is NOT true? A) It resulted in increased trade among member nations B) It outlines an eventual supranational governing body for North America C) It led to a net trade deficit for the United States with Canada and Mexico D) It facilitated the movement of tertiary-sector industries from the United States to Mexico E) It eventually may include the rest of Latin America

B

According to the international trade approach to development, a country should identify all but which of its following assets? A) abundant agricultural products B) high quality manufactured goods C) imports that it should limit D) international consumer preferences E) abundant mineral resources

C

Gross domestic product (GDP) is the A) total value of the outputs minus inputs of goods and services produced in country during a year B) total value of exports of goods and services produced in a country during a year C) total value of outputs of goods and services produced in a country during a year D) total value of human capital development in a country during a year E) total value of investments made in domestic and foreign sources of revenue during a year

C

Per capita GDP is a poor indicator of which of the following? A) the approximate level of material well being in a country B) the number of countries below the poverty level C) the distribution of wealth within a country D) the spatial distribution of global wealth E) potential for providing all citizens with a comfortable life

C

Quaternary economic activities are those that A) extract natural resources from the environment B) transform raw materials into finished products C) involve the collection, processing, and manipulation of information D) involve the exchange of goods and the provision of services E) involve the production of fresh produce for urban markets

C

The Chernobyl incident occurred in A) the United States B) Cuba C) the Soviet Union D) India E) China

C

The biggest problem faced by less developed countries in financing development is A) trade negotiations with MDC's B) identifying unique economic assets C) inability to repay loans D) promoting dependency E) currency inflation

C

The popularity of which of the following is an example of the trend toward ecotourism? A) Time-share condominiums on the coast of Spain B) Ski resorts in Chile C) National Parks in Costa Rica D) Recreational canals in Florida E) Artificial lakes in Texas

C

Which is the least developed region among the following? A) North America B) Eastern Europe C) Southwest Asia D) Western and Central Europe E) East Asia

C

Which of the following is not an indicator of global gender inequality? A) Women on average have only two-thirds of the income of men in MDCs B) Women have much lower incomes than men in LDCs C) Female life expectancy is less than males in every country of the world D) Female literacy is much lower than males in Sub-Saharan Africa' E) Women hold less than one-fourth of managerial jobs in LDCs where data are available

C

All of the following statements about worldwide patterns of development are correct EXCEPT: A) Per capita income in the United States is higher than China B) The gap in per capita income between rich and poor countries has increased over time C) On average, population growth is higher in peripheral countries than in core nations D) The largest concentration of the least-developed countries in the world today is in Latin America E) Several Asian countries, so-called Asian Tigers made enormous strides in per capita income and levels of development in the past 30 years

D

In MDCs, employment is increasing more rapidly in which of the following sectors? A) farming B) primary C) secondary D) tertiary E) fishing

D

Prior to 1850 the location of all major North American cities was related, chiefly, to the presence of A) transcontinental highways B) defensive sites C) railroad junctions D) navigable waterways E) water power

D

Processing of computer information is an example of which sector of the economy? A) sixth percentile B) secondary C) primary D) tertiary E) none of these

D

Rostow's modernization model is concerned with which of the following concepts? A) Dependency B) Structuralism C) Core-periphery relations D) Economic development E) Neocolonialism

D

Severe gender inequality is a challenge to development because A) it leads to smaller family sizes, and families with fewer child laborers cannot earn enough money to pay for their rent and utilities B) it is associated with higher literacy rates, higher economic vitality, and lower infant mortality rates C) it excludes men from the informal economy, wasting a major economic asset D) it severely limits the economic and social mobility of women, as well as families that are headed by women E) it does not allow men and boys the freedom to attend the schools and seek the jobs that are best suited to them

D

Sub-Saharan Africa has seen some development because of A) the colonial legacy, which has benefited every country in the region B) poor leadership C) the capacity of land to produce food D) investment in the infrastructure of port cities, despite ignoring infrastructure in many other areas E) overworked agricultural land and declining output

D

The United States has A) lesser coal and natural gas reserves than China B) greater natural gas reserves than Russia and lesser coal reserves than China C) a greater concentration of coal reserves in the Gulf of Mexico D) more coal reserves than China or Russia E) less coal than any other large country

D

The highest levels of development within Latin America are generally found in A) Central America B) the Caribbean islands C) the interior of South America D) southern South America E) the countries on the Caribbean coast of South America

D

The large percentage of population involved in agriculture in China indicates that A) the country imports most of its food B) few people are unemployed C) most people consume an inadequate amount of calories D) most people must produce food for their own survival E) factory production cannot expand

D

The major economic asset of the Russian region is A) Asia's greatest levels of agricultural productivity B) the development of tertiary industries C) the production of consumer goods D) its oil reserves E) diversified industrial manufacturing

D

The secondary sector of the economy includes which of the following? A) data processing B) mining C) government D) construction E) banking

D

Traditional barriers to international trade have included A) low taxes on imports B) making domestic goods more expensive C) eliminating quotas on imports D) requiring licenses for importers E) strong domestic and international demand

D

All of the following contain major oil-producing zones EXCEPT the A) Caspian Sea B) North Sea C) Persian Gulf D) Gulf of Mexico E) Gulf of California

E

An example of a primary sector activity is A) education B) manufacturing C) banking D) retailing E) mining

E

The early stages of the core-periphery model describe the A) relationship between the outward appearance of a place and its internal functioning B) ways that suburban workers commute to urban workplaces C) relationship between the underlying structure of a society and its outward expressions D) social and cultural differences between urban and rural people E) relationship of power and the transfer of resources from less developed to more developed areas

E

The total value of the output of goods and services in a year in a country is its A) gross national income B) primary economic sector C) productivity index D) value added E) gross domestic product

E

The value of a product minus the costs of raw materials and energy is A) gross domestic product B) productivity C) tertiary sector analysis D) market value E) value added

E

Which of the following countries consumes the most fossil fuels per capita? A) China B) India C) Japan D) England E) The United States

E

Which of the following is an indicator of a country's level of development? A) the number of millionaires B) the number of newspapers C) crude death rate D) natural death rate E) natural increase rate

E

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Fair Trade movement? A) Standards intending to protect workers are instituted in LDCs B) Fair Trade coffee has become available in most North American cities C) Cooperatives intend to benefit local farmers and artisans, rather than absentee corporate owners D) Employers must pay fair wages and comply with environmental and safety standards E) Protection of workers' rights is already a high priority for multinational corporations

E