Apologetics Unit 4

Where does panentheism not line up with what we know about God's existence? (Hint: You should choose three answers.)

1. God is not moral. 2. God is not transcendent (above all). 3. God is not non-contingent (his existence depends on something else).

Of the two premises in the cause and effect argument for God's existence, skeptics are most likely to challenge the second premise. What five points (all from science) back the second premise up (The universe began to exist)?

1. Second Law of Thermodynamics 2. Expanding universe 3. Einstein's theory of General Relativity 4. Radiation echo 5. Galaxy seeds

What are the four worldview questions?

1. Where did you come from? 2. What is your purpose in life? 3. What happens when you die? 4. What do you believe about right and wrong?

A worldview plays a major role in what a person (blank) and, subsequently, how a person (blank). ((blank) his or her life.)

1. believes 2. acts 3. lives

According to the article, deists picture God as the great " (blank) " who created the (blank), wound it up, and let it go.

1. clockmaker 2. clock

According to the video about polytheism, in polytheism there are many (blank) (blank) that rule over different realms/areas (sun god, moon god, god of the ocean, god of the harvest, etc.).

1. finite (limited) 2. gods

Romans 2:14-16 suggests that the objective moral law comes from the ultimate Lawgiver, who is God, and that he has written this law onto the (blank) and into the (blank) of every human being that has ever lived.

1. heart 2. conscience

When humans argue over right and wrong, they appeal to a (blank) moral law that they assume everyone is (blank) of, (blank) to, and cannot (blank)

1. higher 2. aware 3. holds 4. change

What is the difference between "objectivity" and "subjectivity"? Objectivity is (blank) of people's opinions whereas subjectivity is (blank) on people's opinions.

1. independent 2. dependent

Romans 1:20 says, "For his invisible attributes, namely, his eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly perceived, ever since the creation of the world, in the things that have been made. So they are without excuse." Because of what has been (blank) (effect), all humans have the ability to perceive that there is a divine (blank) (cause).

1. made 2. Maker

What are the five most prominent worldview influences? (All five were discussed in this course.)

1. parental training 2. media 3. friends 4. education 5. religion

From birth until the age of eighteen, individuals learn from their (blank). Thus, (blank) training is one of the most significant worldview influences.

1. parents 2. parental

According to the video, finite godists believe that God is limited in both his (blank) and (blank).

1. power 2. goodness

According to the article, panentheism is essentially a combination of (blank) and (blank).

1. theism 2. pantheism

A watch implies a (blank). Likewise, an intricately designed universe requires a (blank)

1. watchmaker 2. designer

The principle of cause and effect is a philosophical concept that seeks to explain the relation between an event (cause) and a second event (effect). Perhaps the simplest way to define this philosophical concept is: An effect explains (blank) has happened whereas a cause explains (blank) it has happened.

1. what 2. why

How many billion stars are there in the Milky Way galaxy? What is the average distance between each star?

100 billion; 30 trillion miles

If the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere were any higher, fires would continually erupt; if it were any lower, humans would suffocate. What percentage of the atmosphere does oxygen make up?

21%

Why is a worldview important?

Because it affects every area of a person's life

Why is it that the objective moral law that exists cannot be the product of humans?

Because it would be as different as everything else humans have invented.

Why isn't God the source of morality within polytheism?

Because there are so many gods, and each one can potentially have different morals.

A building, much like the Empire State Building, requires a(n) ________. Similarly, a designed universe requires a Designer.

Builder or architect

How can you prove that an objective moral law does, in fact, exist?

By examining the most basic laws of every country throughout the world.

According to atheists, what happens when you die?

Death is the end of your existence.

How does deism fit with what we have learned about God's existence?

Deists believe that God isn't personal or engaged. Therefore, deism is an errant worldview.

More specifically, what does an individual's worldview impact?

Every answer listed

Who has a worldview?

Everyone

Agnostics believe that right and wrong are relative to the individual. What is the flaw in this belief?

Everyone believes something different; therefore, there is no such thing as right and wrong.

Atheists believe that right and wrong are relative to the individual. What is the flaw in this belief?

Everyone believes something different; therefore, there is no such thing as right and wrong.

According to finite godists, the source of morality cannot be known for sure and, therefore, humans determine right from wrong. What is the flaw in this belief?

Everyone believes something different; therefore, there is no such thing as right and wrong. For example, one person might say murder is right while another says it's wrong.

Panentheists, like the worldviews you have already studied, believe that right and wrong are relative to the individual. In other words, they believe that something might be right in one person's eyes while wrong in another person's eyes. What is the flaw in this belief?

Everyone believes something different; therefore, there is no such thing as right and wrong. For example, one person might say murder is right while another says it's wrong.

Pantheists believe that right and wrong are merely illusions. Ultimately, it's up to humans to decide how they will live their lives. What is the flaw in this belief?

Everyone believes something different; therefore, there is no such thing as right and wrong. For example, one person might say murder is right while another says it's wrong.

What does the Second Law of Thermodynamics state?

Everything tends towards disorder, including the universe.

What is the first premise in the cause and effect argument for God's existence?

Everything that begins to exist has a cause.

What would happen if the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere were any higher? What about if it were lower?

Fires would continually erupt; humans would suffocate

Within the monotheistic view, who is the source of morality?

God

According to the video, "Pantheism means all is ________, and ________ is all." (Hint: Both blanks should be filled in with the same word.)

God and God

What does Isaiah 40:25-26 say?

God created all the stars and knows each by name.

What do monotheists say about the beginning of the universe?

God created all things from nothing; he has always existed.

What do deists believe about the universe's beginning?

God created all things. Before anything existed, God existed.

According to deists, what happens when you die?

God rewards good people and punishes bad people.

According to pantheists, what happens when you die?

Humans are reincarnated into a new life.

What three world religions are monotheistic (believe in only one God)?

Islam Judaism Christianity

How does agnosticism fit with what we have learned about God's existence?

It doesn't fit at all. Agnosticism is an errant worldview.

How does atheism fit with what we have learned about God's existence?

It doesn't fit at all. Atheism is an errant worldview.

How does finite godism fit with what we have learned about God's existence?

It doesn't fit at all. Finite godism is an errant worldview.

How does pantheism fit with what we know about God?

It doesn't fit at all. Pantheism is an errant worldview.

How does polytheism fit with what we have learned about God's existence?

It doesn't fit at all. Polytheism is an errant worldview.

In 100-150 words, explain the importance of having a proper worldview

It is important to have a proper worldview because if people have the wrong perspective, they can make wrong decisions based on those perspectives. As said in the lesson, it is like invisible lenses because people don't know that they are seeing things a certain way unless it is pointed out to them. Worldview serves as the necessary foundation and framework for our thoughts and actions. Our worldview is like our roots. They are unseen but generally give stability in the storms of life. Like a tree, the roots are like our worldview, the trunk our beliefs, the branches are attitudes, and the fruit is our behavior. We can't act a certain way if we don't believe it.

"________ is now the world's main means of communication."

Media

You have just been introduced to the design argument for God's existence. What does Premise 1 state? Premise 2? What about the conclusion?

Premise 1: Every design has a designer Premise 2: The universe is designed Conclusion: The universe has a designer

Match the moral argument premises and conclusion on the left with the correct statements on the right.

Premise 1: Objective moral laws imply a moral lawgiver Premise 2: There is an objective moral law Conclusion: There is a moral lawgiver

Match the worldview questions on the left with the correct summary of each on the right. 1. Where did you come from? 2. What is your purpose in life? 3. What do you believe about right and wrong? 4. What happens when you die?

Question about origin Question about meaning Question about morality Question about destiny

What does the Law of Causality prove?

Something cannot come from nothing.

What does the scientific Law of Causality state?

Something cannot come from nothing.

What would happen if the 23-degree axial tilt of the earth were altered?

Temperatures on earth would be too extreme for life.

What do atheists believe about God?

That he doesn't exist.

What do agnostics believe about God?

That we can't be sure whether or not he exists.

According to the article, what is the clearest biblical argument against pantheism?

The countless commands against idolatry.

What is a worldview?

The invisible lens through which one views the world

What is the second premise in the cause and effect argument for God's existence?

The universe began to exist.

What is the conclusion of the cause and effect argument for God's existence?

The universe has a cause.

How do panentheists explain the origin of the universe?

The universe is eternal.

What is the main belief of polytheism?

There are many gods.

According to atheists, what is the purpose of life?

There is no real purpose, although humans sometimes try to give it purpose.

What do agnostics say the purpose of life is?

There is no real purpose, although humans sometimes try to give it purpose.

According to the articles on monotheism, monotheism is the belief that:

There is one God in all places at all times.

Who is perhaps the most famous founding father of the United States of America that believed in deism?

Thomas Jefferson

Who first used the watchmaker argument in an effort to prove that all things are the product of a designer, including the universe?

William Paley

Agnostics believe that you can't know anything for sure. What is the flaw in this belief?

You have to know something for sure to know that you can't know something for sure, which is a contradiction.

According to panentheists, what happens when you die?

You live forever in God's cosmic memory; it can either be a good or bad memory depending on how you lived your life.

Some pantheists believe that your very existence is an illusion. What is the flaw in this belief?

You must exist to say that you don't exist, which is a contradiction.

According to polytheists, who determines right from wrong?

humans

Finite godists believe that God is:

impotent (not all-powerful) finite (limited) imperfect not the source of morality

According to the article, deism is the view that God exists, but that he is not directly ________ with the world.

involved

Based on our study of the seven main worldviews, which one best fits with what we know about God?

monotheism

A person's (blank) plays a major role in how he or she views truth.

worldview