OB/GYN- Test 1
What ligaments hold the cervix in place?
Uterosacral ligaments
The anterior cul-de-sac is also known as the
Uterovesical space
Signifies the posterior slumping of the entire cervix and vaginal apex in the direction of the coccyx
Retrocession
Retroflexion and retroversion are commonly lumped together in the category of
Retroversion
What is the most common displacement for the uterus?
Retroverted
A posterior displacement of the entire uterus
Retroverted uterus
The isthmus of the fallopian tube is
Round and cord-like
These ligaments ate not peritoneal, but are actually fibromuscular cords running from the upper angle of the uterus, anterior to the fallopian tubes in the broad ligament and it extends anterolaterally through the inguinal canal and inserts into the fascia of the labia majora
Round ligament
Fibromuscular cords that pass from the upper end of the cervix, to each side of the rectum, terminating at the sacrum
Sacro-uterine ligament
Results from the fusion of the 5 sacral vertebrae
Sacrum
The curve of the ________ provides the transition between these two angels, and serves to direct the fetal head downward and the forward during parturition
Sacrum
The endometrium is best seen on _______ scans and should be measured in _____.
Sagittal, Ap dimension
If patients have post surgical abscesses, the _________ may contain pus.
Space of Retzian
Lies between the symphysis pubis and the anterior surface of the urinary bladder
Space of Retzian
The endometrium is seen on u/s as a thin echogenic line as a result of _____ ________ from the interface between the opposing surfaces of the endometrium.
Specular reflection
Reverse contractions assist in the migration of the _____ upward through the uterus to the _______.
Sperm, fallopian tubes
Small fluid collections found in the fornix may result from:
Spilled urine or saline (following catheterization), menstrual blood, or other uterine discharges
As vessels enter the endometrium, they become the _____ arteries which undergo cyclic changes during the menstrual cycle
Spiral
The walls of the vagina are composed of smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue that is lined with ____________, similar to skin.
Stratified squamous epithelium
Forms a basin, bounded anteriorly by the pubis and rami, bounded posteriorly by the sacrum nd coccyx, and bounded laterally by the fused ischium and ilium
True Pelvis
An ovarian volume more than ______ of the opposite side should be considered abnormal, regardless of the actual size
Twice
What does the mucous in the cervix prevent?
Upward migration of bacteria
The muscles of the pelvic floor extend from the lateral pelvic walls downward and medially to fuse with each other and insert into terminal portions of the
Urethra, vagins, and anus
The _____ artery is an important branch of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery
Uterine
Area shaped like an inverted triangle with its basal angles defined by the ostia of the fallopian tubes and it's apex defined by the internal os
Uterine cavity
The body/corpus is the largest uterine region that houses the
Uterine cavity
The inferior portion of the ovary is connected to the uterus by the _______ ligament.
Utero-ovarian
The tubal lumen of the fallopian tube ______ as it moves away from the uterus
Widens
The uterine cavity is _____ at the fundus and ____ at the isthmus.
Widest, narrowest
What is the maximum measurement obtained in a cross-section of the fundus?
Width
Is the ovary a solid structure?
Yes
In the late follicular phase just before ovulation, the dominant follicles size ranges from
18- 25 mm
What is the body to cervix ratio in infants:
1:1
What is the body to cervix length ratio for a newborn uterus?
1:2
In the pre-pubertal stage, each ovary is _____ long, ____ wide, and ____ AP
1cm, 1cm, 1cm
Compromised of the ilium, pubis, and ischium bones fused together at the acetabulum. Form the lateral and anterior walls of the pelvis
2 Innominate bones
The infundibulum is approximately _____ long.
2 cm
Post-menopausal ovary average measurements:
2 x 1 x 1 cm
The vascular supply of the fallopian tube comes from the vascular arch formed by the __________ of the ______ and _______ arteries.
Anastomosis, uterine and ovarian
An _______ uterus is seen when it is bent forward with an empty bladder.
Anteflexed
The anterior displacement of the fundus. The corpus is usually flexed anteriorly on the cervix
Anteflexed
What is the maximum length measurement in the midsagittal section of the body of the uterus?
Anteroposterior (AP) diameter
The isthmus is considered the _____ of the uterus.
Apex
Flat, fibrous sheet of connective tissue that serves to attach muscles to bone or other tissues
Aponeuroses
The _____ arteries, normally are often seen on U/S on the periphery of the uterus and encircle the uterus, and should not be mistaken for pathology
Arcuate
The anatomy of the rectus sheath is different above and below the _______
Arcuate line
______ the arcuate line, a rectus sheath hematoma may extend across midline and displace the bladder posteriorly
Below
The common iliac veins run _______ the common iliac arteries
Beneath
Variations in the uterine position occur with changes in the _____.
Bladder
The uterus is situated in the pelvis between the ______ anteriorly and the _________ posteriorly.
Bladder, rectum
The broad ligament contains vessels, fat, and uterine nerves between the two layers that cover the _____ and _____ of the uterus
Body and fundus
What is the main portion narrowing from the fundus to the cervix?
Body/Corpus
What are the two parts of the uterus?
Body/corpus and cervix
What suspends the uterus?
Broad ligament
Gross comparison of the male and female pelvis shows that the female pelvis and its opening are generally ________ and ________ than the corresponding parts of the male pelvis.
Broader, shallower
Ill-defined wide bands of condensed fibromuscular tissue that originates from the lateral region of the cervix ad vagina, across the pelvic floor to the lateral pelvic sidewalls
Cardinal/anchoring ligament
What ligaments are continuous on either side, with the uterosacral ligaments?
Cardinal/anchoring ligament
The upper end of the vagina attaches to the _____, about halfway up the length of it.
Cervix
What is the area posterior to the angle of the urinary bladder, is compromised predominantly of collagenous and elastic tissue?
Cervix
What is the lower constricted segment or the cylinder projection into the vagina?
Cervix
Since both of coccyx and ischial spines protrude into the outlet opening, a sharply angled coccyx or large sharp spines can cause problems in
Childbirth
Triangular shaped and arises from the ischial spine and insert into the lateral borders of the lower sacrum and upper coccyx
Coccygeus muscle
Consists of the 4 fused coccygeal vertebrae
Coccyx
The cortex/outer serous layer of the ovary is derived from the peritoneum, but is different because its epithelium consists of a single layer of __________ instead of the flattened endothelial cells
Columnar cells
The ______ courses anteriorly and medially to the psoas muscle
Common iliac artery
The lateral funnel-shaped horns of the uterus where the fallopian tubes enter are called the _____.
Cornua
What are the two major parts of the ovary?
Cortex/outer serous layer and medulla/stroma
How does the cervix appear when scanning?
Disproportionately large and bulbous in appearance
The endometrium appears _______ in the uterus when scanning.
Echogenic
The interstitial/intramural area of the fallopian tube could be visualized by 2D/3D ultrasound as a fine _________ arising from the endometrial canal through the uterine wall.
Echogenic line
What kind of gland is the ovary?
Endocrine (ductless)
What is the inner mucous membrane which is thin, smooth and closely adherent to the myometrium?
Endometrium
An internal or mucous layer is continuous with the mucous lining of the uterus at the interstitial portion
Endosalpinx of fallopian tubes
The fallopian tubes consists of 3 layers:
Endosalpinx, myosalpinx, and outer serosa
As hormone levels decrease over the ensuing month, the cervix in infants 4-12 months of age becomes _____ in proportion to the uterine body producing a ______ shape.
Equal, tubular
The cortex of the ovary contains follicles and also produces
Estrogen and progesterone
The thickness and composition varies through the menstrual cycle in response to _____ and _______ serum levels
Estrogen, and progesterone
The _____ remains in the false pelvis and runs along the medial aspect of the iliospoas muscle
External iliac artery
The lateral abdominal wall muscles include:
External oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis
What is the junction of the cervical canal and the vagina?
External os
The myometrium is continuous with the __________ and vagina. Also extends into the ovarian and round ligaments.
Fallopian tubes
These are paired structures (tubes) that extend from the fundus of the uterus, laterally, to the ovary and lateral pelvic walls
Fallopian tubes
The _____ pelvis is not adequately visualized by endovaginal U/S
False
This pelvis is of least interest to sonographers as it houses bowel, unless pathology exists
False pelvis
The ovaries are connected to the fallopian tube by the _________ and to the side of the pelvis by the _________ ligament.
Fimbriae ovarica, suspensory
The broad ligament does not enclose the _________ ___ of the fallopian tube
Fimbriated ends
What is used to describe the sagittal axis of the uterine body with respect of the sagittal axis of the cervix?
Flexion
A healthy fallopian tube can be imaged only if some contrasting ______ surrounds it.
Fluid
Following muscle trauma or surgery, blood vessels serving the space of retzian may rupture and produce
Fluid-filled space of hematoma
Well-defined, small anechoic or cystic _________ may be seen peripherally in the ______.
Follicles, cortex
The area surrounding the cervix as it lies in the vaginal vault
Fornix
The vagina attaches to the cervix, creating a right shaped, blind pocket between the outer wall of the cervix and the inner surface of the vaginal wall called the _____.
Fornix
During the reproductive years, the muscular tissues participate in a low amplitude contractile activity known as a sweep. This originates in the _____ and goes down the length of the uterus to the _______.
Fundus, internal os
The caliper of the external iliac arteries is ______ than that of the internal iliac arteries.
Greater
Even a diseased fallopian tube cannot be imaged with sufficient clarity by transabdominal U/S, may be seen with a __________ probe
High frequency endovaginal
Composed of connective tissue, nerves, and an abundant blood supply, lymphatic, and a smooth muscle tissue at the region of the
Hilus
The myometrium normally has a uniform ____________ texture of low to moderate echogenicity.
Homogenous
The normal fallopian tube is not usually imaged sonographically, the only exception is when the tube is distended with fluid, which is called a
Hydrosalpinx
The junctional zone (inner myometrium) is visible as a _________ subendometrial halo.
Hypoechogenic
When scanning, the muscular walls of the vagina produce a moderately ________ pattern.
Hypoechoic
The _____ arises at the iliac crest and extends inferiorly until it merges with the psoas major
Iliacus
Just inferior to the iliac crest, it fuses with the iliacus creating the ______ muscle
Iliopsoas muscle
The fourth most lateral portion of the fallopian tube with a trumpet-shaped opening
Infundibulum
The tube terminates at the fimbriated end of the _______, and opens into the peritoneal cavity adjacent to the ovary
Infundibulum
When it reaches the lower margin of the pelvis, the external iliac artery passes beneath the ________ to enter the thigh and becomes the _____ artery
Inguinal ligament, femoral
What does vagina mean?
Invagination of the skin
In a retroflexed uterus, the point of flexion is usually at the
Isthmus
The medial portion, narrow segment of the fallopian tube that is tube adjacent to the uterine wall
Isthmus
The perimetrium/serosal layer cover the fundus and the entire posterior and anterior uterus up to the
Isthmus
What area is the uterus most flexible?
Isthmus
What is the area that marks the transition from the body to the cervix?
Isthmus
With an empty bladder, at what level does the uterus fold or bend?
Isthmus
The lumen of the external iliac arteries is _____ than the lumen of the internal iliac arteries
Larger
The distal ureters are _____ to the upper vagina and pass _______ to enter the bladder.
Lateral, anteriorly
The ____ ovarian vein empties into the left renal vein before the IVC.
Left
The average measurements for the ampulla:
Length = 5 cm Width = 6 mm
The volume measurement for an ovary is based of the formula:
Length x Width x AP x 0.523
Primarily supporting structures and originate on each side at the posterior aspect of the pelvis and insert into the coccyx
Levator ani
What muscle contribute to the sphincter action of the anus and vagina?
Levator ani
What is the pelvic diaphragm is composed of?
Levator ani and coccygeus
When the uterus body is displaces or flexed to the left of the cervix
Levoflexed
Uterus is displaced to the left
Levoposed
Where is the vagina located?
Lies between the urinary bladder and rectum
The true and false pelvis are separated by an imaginary line called the
Linea terminalis
The posterior wall of the vagina is _____ than the anterior wall.
Longer
With a retroflexed or retroverted uterus, the anterior cul-de-sac often contains
Loops of bowel
The external arteries supply a large portion of the
Lower extremities
The cardinal/anchoring ligament is also known as the
Mackenrodt's ligament
The external iliac veins are ______ to the ilio psoas muscle
Medial
The ovarian ligament supports the ____ aspect of the ovary to the _____.
Medial, uterine cornu
The ovary has a relatively homogenous echotexture with a central, more echogenic ______
Medulla
The inner area of each ovary
Medulla/stroma
The size of the cervix and the body of the uterus decreases gradually with progression of?
Menopause
The size of ovarian follicles varies with the
Menstrual cycle
In pregnancy, the mucous undergoes hypertrophy and the glands produce a dense, sticky
Mucous plug
The anterior and posterior endometrial surface of the uterine cavity is normally separated only by a thin layer of
Mucus
The uterus, fallopian tubes and vagina and formed by fusion of the
Mullerian Ducts
The anterior and lateral walls of the false pelvis are the anterior and lateral _______ of the abdominal wall
Muscles
On sonography, the ovaries resemble the _______ in echogenicity.
Myometrium
As hormone levels decrease over the ensuing month, the uterus in infants 4-12 months of age becomes _____ and _____, with a mean length of ______ or less.
Narrower and shorter, 3 cm
The piriformis muscle can often be mistaken for the
Oavry
The sonographer should remember that the fallopian tubes open directly into the _________. Therefore, microorganisms have a direct route from the vagina into the abdominal cavity.
Peritoneal cavity
The ovary is the only abdominal organ NOT covered by the peritoneum and is considered a
"Nude Ovary"
Three principle functions of the pelvic bones:
-Provides a weight-bearing bridge between the spinal column and the bones of the legs -Directs the pathway of the fetal head during childbirth -Protects the organs of reproduction
The normal arcuate vessels are most often demonstrated when? And less apparent when?
1 and 3 weeks after onset of last menses, before the onset of menses and during menses
The anterior and posterior vaginal walls combined should not exceed _____ with the distended urinary bladder.
1 cm
Endometrium thickness ranges from _____ immediately following menstruation and _____ immediately before menstruation.
1 mm, 12 mm
The isthmus segment of the fallopian tube is constricted to about _____ in diameter and is approximately _____ long
1 mm, 2 cm
What muscles cover the wall of the true pelvis?
Piriformis and obturator
Arise from the sacrum between the pelvic sacral foramina and gluteal surface of the ilium
Piriformis muscle
The ovaries are ellipsoid/oval shaped bodies and present with a smooth surface in early life, but become markedly ________ or ______
Pitted or puckered
The _____ portion of the iliac arteries send branches to the muscles of the iliac fossa, the lumbar region, and the gluteal muscles
Posterior
The posterior cul-de-sac lies
Posterior to the uterus and anterior to the rectum
Generally, as the baby's head passes through the inlet, it rotates so that the forehead faces ________
Posteriorly
The posterior cul-de-sac is also known as the
Pouch of Douglas
Newborn uterus can be 0.5-1 cm larger than the uterus in infants because of residual of
Pregnancy hormones
What two other names is the space of retzian is also called?
Previsical or retropubic space
If the round ligaments fail, the uterus may be
Prolapse
The ________ end of the tube can be imaged on an endovaginal scan for approximately 1-2 cm after it leaves the corneal area
Proximal
Originates within the abdominal cavity and as it descends it becomes more rounded and courses laterally and anteriorly as it enters the false pelvis. Is routinely demonstrated on cross-sectional scans of the female pelvis.
Psoas major
The levator ani is like a hammock stretched between the
Pubis and coccyx
The _____ arteries arise from the arcuate arteries and are directed toward the uterine cavity
Radial
Paired paramedian muscles oriented longitudinally on either side of the linea alba (runs down the center of the abdomen)
Rectus abdominis
What is the function of the levator ani?
Resist increased intra-abdominal pressure (such as coughing) and to resist gravity, holding the pelvic organs in place
Normal dimensions of an infant uterus (up to 1 year): Length Width AP
2-3 cm 1-2 cm 1-2cm
How many dimensions do we measure the uterus in?
3
Each ovary measures approximately (post-pubertal): Length Width AP
3 - 5 cm 1.5 - 3 cm .5 - 1.5 cm
The peritoneal ostium of the fallopian tube is approximately ______ in diameter
3 mm
Average for ovary measurement is:
3 x 2 x 1 cm
Normal dimensions of a newborn uterus: Length Width AP
3-3.5 cm 1.4 cm 0.5-1.4 cm
The cervix is narrower than the uterine body and measures _____ in length in the nulliparous female.
3-4 cm
Any ovary that measures greater than _____ is considered suspiciously enlarged.
4cm
In the follicular or proliferative phase, the ovarian follicle size ranges from
5- 10 mm
In post-menopausal women, the normal ovary volume is ______
5.8mL
Normal volume of the ovary in menstruating females is ________, with an approximate of _____.
5mL- 15 mL, 10mL
The vagina anterior wall measures ____ in length.
6.5 cm
Total fallopian tube length in adults is approximately _______
7- 12 cm
The vagina is a relatively thin-walled, _____ long muscular tube that extends from the external vaginal introitus (vulva) to the cervix.
7-10 cm
The vagina posterior wall measures ____ in length.
8.5 cm
In post-menopausal women, a ovarian volume over ______ is definitely considered abnormal
8mL
_____ the arcuate line, a hematoma will be confined and will not cross the mid line
Above
The spaces within the peritoneal cavity located posterior to the broad ligaments are referred to as the
Adnexa
The uterus varies greatly in size and shape depending on ______ and prior _______.
Age, pregnancies
Fertilization most often occurs in the ______ area.
Ampulla
The longest and widest portion of the fallopian tube, quite tortuous It curves over the ovary and is quite thin-walled and dilated
Ampulla
Branches to the _______ iliac arteries go to the pelvis viscera, including the uterus, vagina, bladder, and rectum
Anterior
In the _______ compartment of the pelvis, the bladder and the majority of the reproductive organa are found.
Anterior
The hilum of the ovary, through which channel the ovarian vessels and nerves, is situated on the _________ surface of each ovary.
Anterior
What four pelvic spaces can be sonographically imaged:
Anterior and posterior cul-de-sac Fornix Space of Retzius
The internal iliac arteries divide into ____ and _____ trunks.
Anterior and posterior trunks
Lies between the posterior wall of the urinary bladder and the anterior wall of the uterus
Anterior cul-de-sac
The fornix can be divided into what 3 fornices?
Anterior, posterior, and lateral
The largest dimension of the pelvic outlet is the _______ diameter
Anteroposterior
An ______ uterus is seen folded on top of itself because of a full bladder.
Anteverted
Has an anterior displacement of the entire uterus. The cervix and vagina form a 90-degree angle with an empty bladder
Anteverted
Located between the sacrum and coccyx is an ________ that permits little to no motion
Articulation
Fluid collections common in the anterior cul-de-sac are:
Ascites Blood Pus Urine
The fundus usually appears echo poor, due to the _______ of the ultrasound beam by the muscles in the corpus.
Attenuation
The fundus is considered the ____ of the uterus.
Base
Ovarian location is variable, especially in women who have
Been pregnant
The body and fundus of the uterus are loosely held in place by what two ligaments?
Broad and round
Double folds of parietal peritoneum that form a kind of partition across the pelvic cavity the uterus is suspended between these two folds, but provides minimal support
Broad ligament
The ovaries are covered by the posterior
Broad ligament
When the uterus body is displaced of flexed to the right of the cervix
Dextroflexed
Uterus is displaced to the right
Dextroposed
The vagina is a muscular tube that is collapsible and somewhat constricted at its beginning, becoming ______ in the middle and is ______ at the uterine extremity.
Dilated, narrowed
The anterior cul-de-sac virtually ______ as the urinary bladder fills, normally it is not significant to the sonographer.
Disappears
The greater pevlis
False pelvis
True or False: The uterus is aligned with the left-sagittal plane.
False. Mid-sagittal
True or False: The fornix is always seen on U/S.
False. Only seen if fluid is present
True or False: The ovaries do not atrophy.
False. The ovaries become smaller in the elderly
Beneath the germinal epithelium of the ovary, is a thin layer of _________, which forms the __________ (white coat) or capsule of the ovary.
Fibrous tissue, tunica albuginea
The fimbriae that attaches to the ovary is called the
Fimbria ovarica
The infundibulum has numerous surface, fingerlike projections called
Fimbriae
How do we measure the length of the uterus?
From the fundus to the external os
What is the rounded, dome shaped area characterized only by its location above the level of the uterine cavity?
Fundus
What region is the uppermost of the uterus, which begins at the point where the fallopian tubes arise from the uterine walls?
Fundus
What are the four regions the uterus is divided into?
Fundus, corpus/body, isthmus, cervix
The very outer layer of the ovary is termed the ________________, but do not give rise to ova, therefore, the term germinal could be confusing
Germinal epithelium of Waldeyer
The ________ artery supplies the pelvic viscera wall, perineum, and gluteal regions
Hypogastric
The internal iliac arteries are also known as
Hypogastric artery
What is the gold standard for evaluating tubal patency?
Hysterosalpingography
The posterior surface of the vagina is supplied with blood from a branch off the
Internal iliac vessel
What is the junction of the uterine cavity and the narrowed cervical canal?
Internal os
The cervix is penetrated by the spindle-shaped endocervical canal, which extends from the _________ to the ______.
Internal os to the external os
The short area of the fallopian tube which passes through the uterine wall
Interstitial/intramural
The fallopian tube is divided into 4 parts:
Interstitial/intramural Isthmus Ampulla Infundibulum
The common iliac veins branch into the large external iliac veins, which drains the ______, and the smaller internal iliac veins, which drains the _______.
Legs, pelvic organs and muscles
Branches from the vascular arch pass through the ________ to reach the fallopian tube.
Mesosalpinx
The portion of broad ligament between the fallopian tube and ovarian ligament
Mesosalpinx
A short fold of peritoneum that attaches the anterior border of the ovary to the broad ligament
Mesovarium
Each ovary is connected to the _________ ligament to the broad ligament
Mesovarium
Plane passes through the distal symphysis pubis to the ischial spine
Mid pelvis
The endocervical canal is lined with _____ and is richly supplied by mucous glands.
Mucosa
What is the middle layer that is extremely thick, smooth muscle and forms the bulk of the uterine wall?
Myometrium
The intermediate muscular layer is composed of an external longitudinal and internal circular layer of muscle fibers which are continuous with those of the uterus
Myosalpinx of fallopian tubes
The interstitial/intramural is the ______ portion, about ______ in diameter and ______ in length.
Narrowest, 1 mm, 1 cm
The endometrium is continuous through the fimbriated extremity of the fallopian tubes, with the peritoneum and through the _______ with the lining of the vagina.
Os uteri
What is the small aperture from the external os that is communicating with the vagina? Usually circular in shape, but can be oval or linear
Os uteri
In continuous with the peritoneum of the broad ilgament and uterus
Outer serosa
The _____ arteries arise from the lateral margin of he aorta at a level slightly inferior to the renal arteries
Ovarian
A cord within the broad ligament running from the lateral angle of the uterus, just below the fallopian tube, to the ovary
Ovarian ligament
What is located on each side (lateral) of the uterus and lie in the ovarian fossa, which is called ___________
Ovaries, Waldeyer's Fossa
Pleural of fallopian tube
Oviducts or salpinges
Reverse contractions were observed most frequent during the time of _______.
Ovulation
The posterior displacement of the fundus.
Retroflexed uterus
The ____ ovarian vein from the ovary drains directly into the IVC just below the right renal vein
Right
The two ______ ligaments and two ______ ligaments are compromised of fibromuscular cord.
Round, cardinal
Singular fallopian tube
Salpinx
The layer of the junctional zone is composed of longitudinal and circular closely packed
Smooth muscle fibers
Where is the probe located for evaluation of the length and anteroposterior diameter of the uterus?
Suprapubic area in longitudinal direction
Extends from the infundibulum and the lateral aspect of the ovary to the lateral pelvic wall
Suspensory ligament
The recto-sigmoid colon lies in the _______ compartment of the pelvis.
Posterior
The broad ligament separates the
Posterior and anterior cul-de-sacs
The deepest space within the pelvis is the _______
Posterior cul-de-sac
The areas of potential space in the pelvis are not seen unless
They are filled with free fluid
In 4-12 month old infants the endometrium becomes less obvious appearing as a:
Thin echogenic line
For obstetrical purposes, ______ planes of the true pelvis are used to describe the path followed by the fetus during labor and delivery
Three
The uterine artery extends across the pelvic floor to reach the uterus at approximately the level of the
Tip of the cervix
Retroflexed/retroverted uterus has significant alterations in the uterine echo pattern when scanning _____.
Transabdominally
In a retroverted/retroflexed uterus, the fundus and corpus are tilted back into the pelvic cavity and the acoustic beam must be _______ on the muscle tissue of the corpus to reach the fundus.
Transverse
Is the uterus located in the true or false pelvis?
True
True of False: the mucosa (lumen) of the vagina is highly echogenic.
True
True or False: It is normal to see a small amount of endometrial fluid when scanning.
True
True or False: Soft tissue structures CAN find their way into the posterior cul-de-sac.
True
True or False: The corpus is predominantly muscular.
True
True or False: The uterus is a hollow, muscular sac.
True
The lesser pelvis
True pelvis
Free fluid ultimately tends to drain into the _______ cul-de-sac
Posterior
The anterior, posterior, 2 broad, 2 sacro-uterine ligaments are extensions of the
Parietal peritoneum
The uterus is ____-shaped.
Pear
Runs along the pelvic floor and serves for support for the pelvis viscera
Pelvic diaphragm
Brim of the pelvis, its widest dimension is from left to right along the frontal plane
Pelvic inlet
The inferior margin of the pubic arch, laterally by the ischia, and posteriorly by the sacrum and coccyx
Pelvic outlet
The broad ligament unites on both sides of the uterus and extends to the
Pelvic side walls
Masses in the space of retzius may be confused wuth masses arising from the ______
Pelvic viscera
What is the outer layer of the uterus that forms a capsule around the uterus, quite thin and not distinct or visible on sonography?
Perimetrium/Serosal Layer
A normal uterus lies in a plane roughly _______ to the ultrasound beam entering through the bladder.
Perpendicular
Uterine _______ may be seen peripherally as small focal anechoic areas and can be confirmed with color doppler.
Veins
What is used to describe the sagittal axis of the cervix with respect to the sagittal axis of the vagina?
Version
Because of the variability in the shape, ovarian _______ has been considered the best method for determining ovarian size
Volume
The ovaries are not enclosed in the broad ligament and are situated posteriorly in a space known as
Waldeyer's Fossa