OB/GYN- Test 1

What ligaments hold the cervix in place?

Uterosacral ligaments

The anterior cul-de-sac is also known as the

Uterovesical space

Signifies the posterior slumping of the entire cervix and vaginal apex in the direction of the coccyx

Retrocession

Retroflexion and retroversion are commonly lumped together in the category of

Retroversion

What is the most common displacement for the uterus?

Retroverted

A posterior displacement of the entire uterus

Retroverted uterus

The isthmus of the fallopian tube is

Round and cord-like

These ligaments ate not peritoneal, but are actually fibromuscular cords running from the upper angle of the uterus, anterior to the fallopian tubes in the broad ligament and it extends anterolaterally through the inguinal canal and inserts into the fascia of the labia majora

Round ligament

Fibromuscular cords that pass from the upper end of the cervix, to each side of the rectum, terminating at the sacrum

Sacro-uterine ligament

Results from the fusion of the 5 sacral vertebrae

Sacrum

The curve of the ________ provides the transition between these two angels, and serves to direct the fetal head downward and the forward during parturition

Sacrum

The endometrium is best seen on _______ scans and should be measured in _____.

Sagittal, Ap dimension

If patients have post surgical abscesses, the _________ may contain pus.

Space of Retzian

Lies between the symphysis pubis and the anterior surface of the urinary bladder

Space of Retzian

The endometrium is seen on u/s as a thin echogenic line as a result of _____ ________ from the interface between the opposing surfaces of the endometrium.

Specular reflection

Reverse contractions assist in the migration of the _____ upward through the uterus to the _______.

Sperm, fallopian tubes

Small fluid collections found in the fornix may result from:

Spilled urine or saline (following catheterization), menstrual blood, or other uterine discharges

As vessels enter the endometrium, they become the _____ arteries which undergo cyclic changes during the menstrual cycle

Spiral

The walls of the vagina are composed of smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue that is lined with ____________, similar to skin.

Stratified squamous epithelium

Forms a basin, bounded anteriorly by the pubis and rami, bounded posteriorly by the sacrum nd coccyx, and bounded laterally by the fused ischium and ilium

True Pelvis

An ovarian volume more than ______ of the opposite side should be considered abnormal, regardless of the actual size

Twice

What does the mucous in the cervix prevent?

Upward migration of bacteria

The muscles of the pelvic floor extend from the lateral pelvic walls downward and medially to fuse with each other and insert into terminal portions of the

Urethra, vagins, and anus

The _____ artery is an important branch of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery

Uterine

Area shaped like an inverted triangle with its basal angles defined by the ostia of the fallopian tubes and it's apex defined by the internal os

Uterine cavity

The body/corpus is the largest uterine region that houses the

Uterine cavity

The inferior portion of the ovary is connected to the uterus by the _______ ligament.

Utero-ovarian

The tubal lumen of the fallopian tube ______ as it moves away from the uterus

Widens

The uterine cavity is _____ at the fundus and ____ at the isthmus.

Widest, narrowest

What is the maximum measurement obtained in a cross-section of the fundus?

Width

Is the ovary a solid structure?

Yes

In the late follicular phase just before ovulation, the dominant follicles size ranges from

18- 25 mm

What is the body to cervix ratio in infants:

1:1

What is the body to cervix length ratio for a newborn uterus?

1:2

In the pre-pubertal stage, each ovary is _____ long, ____ wide, and ____ AP

1cm, 1cm, 1cm

Compromised of the ilium, pubis, and ischium bones fused together at the acetabulum. Form the lateral and anterior walls of the pelvis

2 Innominate bones

The infundibulum is approximately _____ long.

2 cm

Post-menopausal ovary average measurements:

2 x 1 x 1 cm

The vascular supply of the fallopian tube comes from the vascular arch formed by the __________ of the ______ and _______ arteries.

Anastomosis, uterine and ovarian

An _______ uterus is seen when it is bent forward with an empty bladder.

Anteflexed

The anterior displacement of the fundus. The corpus is usually flexed anteriorly on the cervix

Anteflexed

What is the maximum length measurement in the midsagittal section of the body of the uterus?

Anteroposterior (AP) diameter

The isthmus is considered the _____ of the uterus.

Apex

Flat, fibrous sheet of connective tissue that serves to attach muscles to bone or other tissues

Aponeuroses

The _____ arteries, normally are often seen on U/S on the periphery of the uterus and encircle the uterus, and should not be mistaken for pathology

Arcuate

The anatomy of the rectus sheath is different above and below the _______

Arcuate line

______ the arcuate line, a rectus sheath hematoma may extend across midline and displace the bladder posteriorly

Below

The common iliac veins run _______ the common iliac arteries

Beneath

Variations in the uterine position occur with changes in the _____.

Bladder

The uterus is situated in the pelvis between the ______ anteriorly and the _________ posteriorly.

Bladder, rectum

The broad ligament contains vessels, fat, and uterine nerves between the two layers that cover the _____ and _____ of the uterus

Body and fundus

What is the main portion narrowing from the fundus to the cervix?

Body/Corpus

What are the two parts of the uterus?

Body/corpus and cervix

What suspends the uterus?

Broad ligament

Gross comparison of the male and female pelvis shows that the female pelvis and its opening are generally ________ and ________ than the corresponding parts of the male pelvis.

Broader, shallower

Ill-defined wide bands of condensed fibromuscular tissue that originates from the lateral region of the cervix ad vagina, across the pelvic floor to the lateral pelvic sidewalls

Cardinal/anchoring ligament

What ligaments are continuous on either side, with the uterosacral ligaments?

Cardinal/anchoring ligament

The upper end of the vagina attaches to the _____, about halfway up the length of it.

Cervix

What is the area posterior to the angle of the urinary bladder, is compromised predominantly of collagenous and elastic tissue?

Cervix

What is the lower constricted segment or the cylinder projection into the vagina?

Cervix

Since both of coccyx and ischial spines protrude into the outlet opening, a sharply angled coccyx or large sharp spines can cause problems in

Childbirth

Triangular shaped and arises from the ischial spine and insert into the lateral borders of the lower sacrum and upper coccyx

Coccygeus muscle

Consists of the 4 fused coccygeal vertebrae

Coccyx

The cortex/outer serous layer of the ovary is derived from the peritoneum, but is different because its epithelium consists of a single layer of __________ instead of the flattened endothelial cells

Columnar cells

The ______ courses anteriorly and medially to the psoas muscle

Common iliac artery

The lateral funnel-shaped horns of the uterus where the fallopian tubes enter are called the _____.

Cornua

What are the two major parts of the ovary?

Cortex/outer serous layer and medulla/stroma

How does the cervix appear when scanning?

Disproportionately large and bulbous in appearance

The endometrium appears _______ in the uterus when scanning.

Echogenic

The interstitial/intramural area of the fallopian tube could be visualized by 2D/3D ultrasound as a fine _________ arising from the endometrial canal through the uterine wall.

Echogenic line

What kind of gland is the ovary?

Endocrine (ductless)

What is the inner mucous membrane which is thin, smooth and closely adherent to the myometrium?

Endometrium

An internal or mucous layer is continuous with the mucous lining of the uterus at the interstitial portion

Endosalpinx of fallopian tubes

The fallopian tubes consists of 3 layers:

Endosalpinx, myosalpinx, and outer serosa

As hormone levels decrease over the ensuing month, the cervix in infants 4-12 months of age becomes _____ in proportion to the uterine body producing a ______ shape.

Equal, tubular

The cortex of the ovary contains follicles and also produces

Estrogen and progesterone

The thickness and composition varies through the menstrual cycle in response to _____ and _______ serum levels

Estrogen, and progesterone

The _____ remains in the false pelvis and runs along the medial aspect of the iliospoas muscle

External iliac artery

The lateral abdominal wall muscles include:

External oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis

What is the junction of the cervical canal and the vagina?

External os

The myometrium is continuous with the __________ and vagina. Also extends into the ovarian and round ligaments.

Fallopian tubes

These are paired structures (tubes) that extend from the fundus of the uterus, laterally, to the ovary and lateral pelvic walls

Fallopian tubes

The _____ pelvis is not adequately visualized by endovaginal U/S

False

This pelvis is of least interest to sonographers as it houses bowel, unless pathology exists

False pelvis

The ovaries are connected to the fallopian tube by the _________ and to the side of the pelvis by the _________ ligament.

Fimbriae ovarica, suspensory

The broad ligament does not enclose the _________ ___ of the fallopian tube

Fimbriated ends

What is used to describe the sagittal axis of the uterine body with respect of the sagittal axis of the cervix?

Flexion

A healthy fallopian tube can be imaged only if some contrasting ______ surrounds it.

Fluid

Following muscle trauma or surgery, blood vessels serving the space of retzian may rupture and produce

Fluid-filled space of hematoma

Well-defined, small anechoic or cystic _________ may be seen peripherally in the ______.

Follicles, cortex

The area surrounding the cervix as it lies in the vaginal vault

Fornix

The vagina attaches to the cervix, creating a right shaped, blind pocket between the outer wall of the cervix and the inner surface of the vaginal wall called the _____.

Fornix

During the reproductive years, the muscular tissues participate in a low amplitude contractile activity known as a sweep. This originates in the _____ and goes down the length of the uterus to the _______.

Fundus, internal os

The caliper of the external iliac arteries is ______ than that of the internal iliac arteries.

Greater

Even a diseased fallopian tube cannot be imaged with sufficient clarity by transabdominal U/S, may be seen with a __________ probe

High frequency endovaginal

Composed of connective tissue, nerves, and an abundant blood supply, lymphatic, and a smooth muscle tissue at the region of the

Hilus

The myometrium normally has a uniform ____________ texture of low to moderate echogenicity.

Homogenous

The normal fallopian tube is not usually imaged sonographically, the only exception is when the tube is distended with fluid, which is called a

Hydrosalpinx

The junctional zone (inner myometrium) is visible as a _________ subendometrial halo.

Hypoechogenic

When scanning, the muscular walls of the vagina produce a moderately ________ pattern.

Hypoechoic

The _____ arises at the iliac crest and extends inferiorly until it merges with the psoas major

Iliacus

Just inferior to the iliac crest, it fuses with the iliacus creating the ______ muscle

Iliopsoas muscle

The fourth most lateral portion of the fallopian tube with a trumpet-shaped opening

Infundibulum

The tube terminates at the fimbriated end of the _______, and opens into the peritoneal cavity adjacent to the ovary

Infundibulum

When it reaches the lower margin of the pelvis, the external iliac artery passes beneath the ________ to enter the thigh and becomes the _____ artery

Inguinal ligament, femoral

What does vagina mean?

Invagination of the skin

In a retroflexed uterus, the point of flexion is usually at the

Isthmus

The medial portion, narrow segment of the fallopian tube that is tube adjacent to the uterine wall

Isthmus

The perimetrium/serosal layer cover the fundus and the entire posterior and anterior uterus up to the

Isthmus

What area is the uterus most flexible?

Isthmus

What is the area that marks the transition from the body to the cervix?

Isthmus

With an empty bladder, at what level does the uterus fold or bend?

Isthmus

The lumen of the external iliac arteries is _____ than the lumen of the internal iliac arteries

Larger

The distal ureters are _____ to the upper vagina and pass _______ to enter the bladder.

Lateral, anteriorly

The ____ ovarian vein empties into the left renal vein before the IVC.

Left

The average measurements for the ampulla:

Length = 5 cm Width = 6 mm

The volume measurement for an ovary is based of the formula:

Length x Width x AP x 0.523

Primarily supporting structures and originate on each side at the posterior aspect of the pelvis and insert into the coccyx

Levator ani

What muscle contribute to the sphincter action of the anus and vagina?

Levator ani

What is the pelvic diaphragm is composed of?

Levator ani and coccygeus

When the uterus body is displaces or flexed to the left of the cervix

Levoflexed

Uterus is displaced to the left

Levoposed

Where is the vagina located?

Lies between the urinary bladder and rectum

The true and false pelvis are separated by an imaginary line called the

Linea terminalis

The posterior wall of the vagina is _____ than the anterior wall.

Longer

With a retroflexed or retroverted uterus, the anterior cul-de-sac often contains

Loops of bowel

The external arteries supply a large portion of the

Lower extremities

The cardinal/anchoring ligament is also known as the

Mackenrodt's ligament

The external iliac veins are ______ to the ilio psoas muscle

Medial

The ovarian ligament supports the ____ aspect of the ovary to the _____.

Medial, uterine cornu

The ovary has a relatively homogenous echotexture with a central, more echogenic ______

Medulla

The inner area of each ovary

Medulla/stroma

The size of the cervix and the body of the uterus decreases gradually with progression of?

Menopause

The size of ovarian follicles varies with the

Menstrual cycle

In pregnancy, the mucous undergoes hypertrophy and the glands produce a dense, sticky

Mucous plug

The anterior and posterior endometrial surface of the uterine cavity is normally separated only by a thin layer of

Mucus

The uterus, fallopian tubes and vagina and formed by fusion of the

Mullerian Ducts

The anterior and lateral walls of the false pelvis are the anterior and lateral _______ of the abdominal wall

Muscles

On sonography, the ovaries resemble the _______ in echogenicity.

Myometrium

As hormone levels decrease over the ensuing month, the uterus in infants 4-12 months of age becomes _____ and _____, with a mean length of ______ or less.

Narrower and shorter, 3 cm

The piriformis muscle can often be mistaken for the

Oavry

The sonographer should remember that the fallopian tubes open directly into the _________. Therefore, microorganisms have a direct route from the vagina into the abdominal cavity.

Peritoneal cavity

The ovary is the only abdominal organ NOT covered by the peritoneum and is considered a

"Nude Ovary"

Three principle functions of the pelvic bones:

-Provides a weight-bearing bridge between the spinal column and the bones of the legs -Directs the pathway of the fetal head during childbirth -Protects the organs of reproduction

The normal arcuate vessels are most often demonstrated when? And less apparent when?

1 and 3 weeks after onset of last menses, before the onset of menses and during menses

The anterior and posterior vaginal walls combined should not exceed _____ with the distended urinary bladder.

1 cm

Endometrium thickness ranges from _____ immediately following menstruation and _____ immediately before menstruation.

1 mm, 12 mm

The isthmus segment of the fallopian tube is constricted to about _____ in diameter and is approximately _____ long

1 mm, 2 cm

What muscles cover the wall of the true pelvis?

Piriformis and obturator

Arise from the sacrum between the pelvic sacral foramina and gluteal surface of the ilium

Piriformis muscle

The ovaries are ellipsoid/oval shaped bodies and present with a smooth surface in early life, but become markedly ________ or ______

Pitted or puckered

The _____ portion of the iliac arteries send branches to the muscles of the iliac fossa, the lumbar region, and the gluteal muscles

Posterior

The posterior cul-de-sac lies

Posterior to the uterus and anterior to the rectum

Generally, as the baby's head passes through the inlet, it rotates so that the forehead faces ________

Posteriorly

The posterior cul-de-sac is also known as the

Pouch of Douglas

Newborn uterus can be 0.5-1 cm larger than the uterus in infants because of residual of

Pregnancy hormones

What two other names is the space of retzian is also called?

Previsical or retropubic space

If the round ligaments fail, the uterus may be

Prolapse

The ________ end of the tube can be imaged on an endovaginal scan for approximately 1-2 cm after it leaves the corneal area

Proximal

Originates within the abdominal cavity and as it descends it becomes more rounded and courses laterally and anteriorly as it enters the false pelvis. Is routinely demonstrated on cross-sectional scans of the female pelvis.

Psoas major

The levator ani is like a hammock stretched between the

Pubis and coccyx

The _____ arteries arise from the arcuate arteries and are directed toward the uterine cavity

Radial

Paired paramedian muscles oriented longitudinally on either side of the linea alba (runs down the center of the abdomen)

Rectus abdominis

What is the function of the levator ani?

Resist increased intra-abdominal pressure (such as coughing) and to resist gravity, holding the pelvic organs in place

Normal dimensions of an infant uterus (up to 1 year): Length Width AP

2-3 cm 1-2 cm 1-2cm

How many dimensions do we measure the uterus in?

3

Each ovary measures approximately (post-pubertal): Length Width AP

3 - 5 cm 1.5 - 3 cm .5 - 1.5 cm

The peritoneal ostium of the fallopian tube is approximately ______ in diameter

3 mm

Average for ovary measurement is:

3 x 2 x 1 cm

Normal dimensions of a newborn uterus: Length Width AP

3-3.5 cm 1.4 cm 0.5-1.4 cm

The cervix is narrower than the uterine body and measures _____ in length in the nulliparous female.

3-4 cm

Any ovary that measures greater than _____ is considered suspiciously enlarged.

4cm

In the follicular or proliferative phase, the ovarian follicle size ranges from

5- 10 mm

In post-menopausal women, the normal ovary volume is ______

5.8mL

Normal volume of the ovary in menstruating females is ________, with an approximate of _____.

5mL- 15 mL, 10mL

The vagina anterior wall measures ____ in length.

6.5 cm

Total fallopian tube length in adults is approximately _______

7- 12 cm

The vagina is a relatively thin-walled, _____ long muscular tube that extends from the external vaginal introitus (vulva) to the cervix.

7-10 cm

The vagina posterior wall measures ____ in length.

8.5 cm

In post-menopausal women, a ovarian volume over ______ is definitely considered abnormal

8mL

_____ the arcuate line, a hematoma will be confined and will not cross the mid line

Above

The spaces within the peritoneal cavity located posterior to the broad ligaments are referred to as the

Adnexa

The uterus varies greatly in size and shape depending on ______ and prior _______.

Age, pregnancies

Fertilization most often occurs in the ______ area.

Ampulla

The longest and widest portion of the fallopian tube, quite tortuous It curves over the ovary and is quite thin-walled and dilated

Ampulla

Branches to the _______ iliac arteries go to the pelvis viscera, including the uterus, vagina, bladder, and rectum

Anterior

In the _______ compartment of the pelvis, the bladder and the majority of the reproductive organa are found.

Anterior

The hilum of the ovary, through which channel the ovarian vessels and nerves, is situated on the _________ surface of each ovary.

Anterior

What four pelvic spaces can be sonographically imaged:

Anterior and posterior cul-de-sac Fornix Space of Retzius

The internal iliac arteries divide into ____ and _____ trunks.

Anterior and posterior trunks

Lies between the posterior wall of the urinary bladder and the anterior wall of the uterus

Anterior cul-de-sac

The fornix can be divided into what 3 fornices?

Anterior, posterior, and lateral

The largest dimension of the pelvic outlet is the _______ diameter

Anteroposterior

An ______ uterus is seen folded on top of itself because of a full bladder.

Anteverted

Has an anterior displacement of the entire uterus. The cervix and vagina form a 90-degree angle with an empty bladder

Anteverted

Located between the sacrum and coccyx is an ________ that permits little to no motion

Articulation

Fluid collections common in the anterior cul-de-sac are:

Ascites Blood Pus Urine

The fundus usually appears echo poor, due to the _______ of the ultrasound beam by the muscles in the corpus.

Attenuation

The fundus is considered the ____ of the uterus.

Base

Ovarian location is variable, especially in women who have

Been pregnant

The body and fundus of the uterus are loosely held in place by what two ligaments?

Broad and round

Double folds of parietal peritoneum that form a kind of partition across the pelvic cavity the uterus is suspended between these two folds, but provides minimal support

Broad ligament

The ovaries are covered by the posterior

Broad ligament

When the uterus body is displaced of flexed to the right of the cervix

Dextroflexed

Uterus is displaced to the right

Dextroposed

The vagina is a muscular tube that is collapsible and somewhat constricted at its beginning, becoming ______ in the middle and is ______ at the uterine extremity.

Dilated, narrowed

The anterior cul-de-sac virtually ______ as the urinary bladder fills, normally it is not significant to the sonographer.

Disappears

The greater pevlis

False pelvis

True or False: The uterus is aligned with the left-sagittal plane.

False. Mid-sagittal

True or False: The fornix is always seen on U/S.

False. Only seen if fluid is present

True or False: The ovaries do not atrophy.

False. The ovaries become smaller in the elderly

Beneath the germinal epithelium of the ovary, is a thin layer of _________, which forms the __________ (white coat) or capsule of the ovary.

Fibrous tissue, tunica albuginea

The fimbriae that attaches to the ovary is called the

Fimbria ovarica

The infundibulum has numerous surface, fingerlike projections called

Fimbriae

How do we measure the length of the uterus?

From the fundus to the external os

What is the rounded, dome shaped area characterized only by its location above the level of the uterine cavity?

Fundus

What region is the uppermost of the uterus, which begins at the point where the fallopian tubes arise from the uterine walls?

Fundus

What are the four regions the uterus is divided into?

Fundus, corpus/body, isthmus, cervix

The very outer layer of the ovary is termed the ________________, but do not give rise to ova, therefore, the term germinal could be confusing

Germinal epithelium of Waldeyer

The ________ artery supplies the pelvic viscera wall, perineum, and gluteal regions

Hypogastric

The internal iliac arteries are also known as

Hypogastric artery

What is the gold standard for evaluating tubal patency?

Hysterosalpingography

The posterior surface of the vagina is supplied with blood from a branch off the

Internal iliac vessel

What is the junction of the uterine cavity and the narrowed cervical canal?

Internal os

The cervix is penetrated by the spindle-shaped endocervical canal, which extends from the _________ to the ______.

Internal os to the external os

The short area of the fallopian tube which passes through the uterine wall

Interstitial/intramural

The fallopian tube is divided into 4 parts:

Interstitial/intramural Isthmus Ampulla Infundibulum

The common iliac veins branch into the large external iliac veins, which drains the ______, and the smaller internal iliac veins, which drains the _______.

Legs, pelvic organs and muscles

Branches from the vascular arch pass through the ________ to reach the fallopian tube.

Mesosalpinx

The portion of broad ligament between the fallopian tube and ovarian ligament

Mesosalpinx

A short fold of peritoneum that attaches the anterior border of the ovary to the broad ligament

Mesovarium

Each ovary is connected to the _________ ligament to the broad ligament

Mesovarium

Plane passes through the distal symphysis pubis to the ischial spine

Mid pelvis

The endocervical canal is lined with _____ and is richly supplied by mucous glands.

Mucosa

What is the middle layer that is extremely thick, smooth muscle and forms the bulk of the uterine wall?

Myometrium

The intermediate muscular layer is composed of an external longitudinal and internal circular layer of muscle fibers which are continuous with those of the uterus

Myosalpinx of fallopian tubes

The interstitial/intramural is the ______ portion, about ______ in diameter and ______ in length.

Narrowest, 1 mm, 1 cm

The endometrium is continuous through the fimbriated extremity of the fallopian tubes, with the peritoneum and through the _______ with the lining of the vagina.

Os uteri

What is the small aperture from the external os that is communicating with the vagina? Usually circular in shape, but can be oval or linear

Os uteri

In continuous with the peritoneum of the broad ilgament and uterus

Outer serosa

The _____ arteries arise from the lateral margin of he aorta at a level slightly inferior to the renal arteries

Ovarian

A cord within the broad ligament running from the lateral angle of the uterus, just below the fallopian tube, to the ovary

Ovarian ligament

What is located on each side (lateral) of the uterus and lie in the ovarian fossa, which is called ___________

Ovaries, Waldeyer's Fossa

Pleural of fallopian tube

Oviducts or salpinges

Reverse contractions were observed most frequent during the time of _______.

Ovulation

The posterior displacement of the fundus.

Retroflexed uterus

The ____ ovarian vein from the ovary drains directly into the IVC just below the right renal vein

Right

The two ______ ligaments and two ______ ligaments are compromised of fibromuscular cord.

Round, cardinal

Singular fallopian tube

Salpinx

The layer of the junctional zone is composed of longitudinal and circular closely packed

Smooth muscle fibers

Where is the probe located for evaluation of the length and anteroposterior diameter of the uterus?

Suprapubic area in longitudinal direction

Extends from the infundibulum and the lateral aspect of the ovary to the lateral pelvic wall

Suspensory ligament

The recto-sigmoid colon lies in the _______ compartment of the pelvis.

Posterior

The broad ligament separates the

Posterior and anterior cul-de-sacs

The deepest space within the pelvis is the _______

Posterior cul-de-sac

The areas of potential space in the pelvis are not seen unless

They are filled with free fluid

In 4-12 month old infants the endometrium becomes less obvious appearing as a:

Thin echogenic line

For obstetrical purposes, ______ planes of the true pelvis are used to describe the path followed by the fetus during labor and delivery

Three

The uterine artery extends across the pelvic floor to reach the uterus at approximately the level of the

Tip of the cervix

Retroflexed/retroverted uterus has significant alterations in the uterine echo pattern when scanning _____.

Transabdominally

In a retroverted/retroflexed uterus, the fundus and corpus are tilted back into the pelvic cavity and the acoustic beam must be _______ on the muscle tissue of the corpus to reach the fundus.

Transverse

Is the uterus located in the true or false pelvis?

True

True of False: the mucosa (lumen) of the vagina is highly echogenic.

True

True or False: It is normal to see a small amount of endometrial fluid when scanning.

True

True or False: Soft tissue structures CAN find their way into the posterior cul-de-sac.

True

True or False: The corpus is predominantly muscular.

True

True or False: The uterus is a hollow, muscular sac.

True

The lesser pelvis

True pelvis

Free fluid ultimately tends to drain into the _______ cul-de-sac

Posterior

The anterior, posterior, 2 broad, 2 sacro-uterine ligaments are extensions of the

Parietal peritoneum

The uterus is ____-shaped.

Pear

Runs along the pelvic floor and serves for support for the pelvis viscera

Pelvic diaphragm

Brim of the pelvis, its widest dimension is from left to right along the frontal plane

Pelvic inlet

The inferior margin of the pubic arch, laterally by the ischia, and posteriorly by the sacrum and coccyx

Pelvic outlet

The broad ligament unites on both sides of the uterus and extends to the

Pelvic side walls

Masses in the space of retzius may be confused wuth masses arising from the ______

Pelvic viscera

What is the outer layer of the uterus that forms a capsule around the uterus, quite thin and not distinct or visible on sonography?

Perimetrium/Serosal Layer

A normal uterus lies in a plane roughly _______ to the ultrasound beam entering through the bladder.

Perpendicular

Uterine _______ may be seen peripherally as small focal anechoic areas and can be confirmed with color doppler.

Veins

What is used to describe the sagittal axis of the cervix with respect to the sagittal axis of the vagina?

Version

Because of the variability in the shape, ovarian _______ has been considered the best method for determining ovarian size

Volume

The ovaries are not enclosed in the broad ligament and are situated posteriorly in a space known as

Waldeyer's Fossa