Appendicular Region - Systemic Worksheets

Which of the following events occur during metaphase?

Centromeres move along the chromosomal microtubules to a narrow central zone.

What is the term for the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a low solute concentration to a high solute concentration?

osmosis

The general functions of the plasmalemma include ________.

physical isolation of the cell contents from the extracellular fluid regulation of exchange of materials with the environment sensitivity to changes in the extracellular fluid structural support of the cell

A transport process that produces cytoplasmic vesicles filled with extracellular fluid is called ________.

pinocytosis

An active process for transporting fluid across a plasmalemma is ________.

pinocytosis

The cytosol contains a high concentration of ________ ions, while the extracellular fluid usually contains a high concentration of ________ ions.

potassium; sodium

In correct order from beginning to end, cells undergoing mitosis pass through ________.

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

Gross anatomical specialties include ________.

radiographic and surgical anatomy

The primary site of blood cell production is within the ________ system.

skeletal

Support, protection of soft tissues, mineral storage, and blood cell formation are all functions of the ________.

skeletal system

Which cations are exchanged by carrier proteins of exchange pumps in the active transport process?

sodium and potassium

The extracellular fluid contains high amounts of ________.

sodium ions

Growth and differentiation often include ________.

specialization of individual cells increase in cell size increase in cell numbers changes in form and function

________ help stabilize the plasmalemma and maintain its fluidity.

sterols

A person lying down in the anatomical position is said to be ________ when lying face up.

supine

The anatomical specialty that refers to the study of general form (or morphology) and superficial anatomical markings is called ________ anatomy.

surface

The study of the heart, blood, and blood vessels is which of the following approaches?

systemic anatomy

A passive process that allows passage of small inorganic ions and molecules, gases, and lipid-soluble materials in all cell types is called diffusion. TRUE

TRUE

Active transport is an energy-requiring process whereby ions and possibly other materials are moved across a membrane by carrier proteins, which work despite an opposing concentration gradient. TRUE

TRUE

Cellular structures and the functions of major organelles focus attention at the cellular level. TRUE

TRUE

Developmental anatomy refers to the study of body changes over time. TRUE

TRUE

Endocytosis is an energy-requiring process where vesicles are packaged with extracellular material for importation into the cell. TRUE

TRUE

The endoplasmic reticulum is the organelle responsible for the synthesis of secretory products and provides for intracellular storage and transport. TRUE

TRUE

The mitochondrion is enclosed by a double membrane with numerous folds, or cristae, in the inner membrane; the fluid matrix of these organelles contains important metabolic enzymes. TRUE

TRUE

Vesicles that contain oxidases and catalase are called peroxisomes.

TRUE

Why are microtubules considered among the non-membranous organelles?

The do not have their own enclosed membrane

Gas exchange is also facilitated by the ________ system, which is responsible for the internal transport of cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes, and gases.

cardiovascular

______________________ anatomy is a new subspecialty of gross anatomy as new advances, such as computed tomography and spiral scans, have emerged.

cross-sectional

The analysis of the smallest units of life is called _________________________.

cytology

The process of cellular specialization to perform particular functions is called ________.

differentiation

A passive process that involves movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called ________.

diffusion

If a cell lacked centrioles, it would be unable to ________.

direct the movement of chromosomes during cell division

A failure to maintain homeostatic conditions in the body is known as ________.

disease

Excretion involves ________.

elimination of unnecessary or potentially harmful materials from the body

The study of the early processes during the first two months of development from conception to physical maturity is called ________.

embryology

The ________ system contains glandular structures that direct long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems.

endocrine

In anatomical position, a person stands with the legs together and the feet flat on the floor. Additionally, the ________.

hands are at the sides, and the palms face anteriorly

Peripheral proteins are attached to the surface of the plasmalemma, while ________ are embedded within the membrane.

integral proteins

Substances that enter the cell usually do so through the ________.

integral proteins

The major functions of the ________ system are temperature control and protection of the body from the external environmental hazards.

integumentary

Thick filaments __________________.

interact with actin to produce contractions

The continual movement and exchange of vesicles to and from the plasmalemma is called ________.

membrane flow

Which of the following refers to all the chemical operations underway in the body?

metabolism

Small, finger-shaped projections of the plasmalemma are termed ________.

microvilli

A ________ section through the umbilicus divides the human body into equal left and right portions.

midsagittal

________ are organelles that contain an unusual double-layered membrane, and functions in producing most of the ATP in the body.

mitochondria

The process that involves the phases prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase is called ________.

mitosis

The property of living things to transport food, blood, or other materials inside the body is called ________.

movement

The ________ system allows for locomotion, provides support, and produces heat.

muscular

Directing immediate responses to stimuli, usually by coordinating the activities of other organ systems is the function of the ________.

nervous system

Chemical communication between the nucleus and the cytosol occurs through (the) ________.

nuclear pores

The ________ is the organelle that synthesizes the components of ribosomes.

nucleolus

Which of the following synthesizes the components of ribosomes?

nucleolus

At intervals, the DNA wind around special proteins, forming a complex called ________; this complex may also coil around other special proteins.

nucleosome

Which organelle determines the structural and functional characteristics of the cell by controlling RNA and protein synthesis, determining what proteins are synthesized, and in what amounts?

nucleus

Which of the following is the highest level of organization?

organ

"Little organs" inside a cell that have specialized functions are called ________.

organelles

In the prone position, ________.

the body is lying in anatomical position face down

A major function of the Golgi apparatus is ________.

the synthesis and packaging of secretions, such as mucins or enzymes

The inability of the heart to function properly due to physical damage from a chest wound, making it ineffective even when most of the heart muscle cells are intact and uninjured, most directly involves which level of organization of body structures?

tissue

Manufactured proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum are delivered to the Golgi apparatus by ________.

transport vesicles

The two layers of a serous membrane are ________.

visceral and parietal

Choose the correct arrangement of items 1-5, ranking them from the highest to the least level of complexity. 1.organism 2.tissue 3.chemical or molecular 4.cellular 5.organ system

1, 5, 2, 4, 3

Which sequence correctly traces the steps of DNA replication during the S phase? 1.Weak bonds between nitrogenous bases of the DNA are disrupted. 2.DNA strands unwind. 3.DNA polymerase binds to exposed nitrogenous bases. 4.Ligases link together short complementary chains of nucleotides. 5.Nitrogenous bases of the DNA strand attract complementary nucleotides.

1,2,3,5,4

Which of the following is considered a radiological procedure?

CT (computerized tomography) MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) ultrasound angiography

Microtubules, thick filaments, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments are all part of the cell's ________.

Cytoskeleton

Which of the following processes occurs during interphase?

DNA replicates

Atoms interacting to form three-dimensional compounds with distinctive properties in the body show organization at the tissue level. FALSE

FALSE

In cells preparing for division, the phase of the life cycle that is most variable in length is the ________ of interphase.

G1 Phase

Renewal or modification of the plasmalemma is the major function of which organelle?

Golgi apparatus

Which statement describes how the plasmalemma is used in communication and sensitivity?

It acts as a site for the attachment of glycoproteins and glycolipids, which act as receptors for molecules present in the extracellular fluid.

Which of the following statements about anatomical information is correct?

It describes body parts and considers probable function.

A frontal (coronal) section is in a plane that ________.

anterior and posterior section

Which of the following statements accurately describes cytosol?

It is the fluid content inside the cell

Which of the following is true of cell division?

It requires accurate duplication (replication) of the genetic material.

Many cellular functions were known decades before the electron microscope revealed the anatomical basis for those functions.

Many cellular functions were known decades before the electron microscope revealed the anatomical basis for those functions.

________ are slender protein strands, usually composed of the protein actin.

Microfilaments

________ increase surface area to facilitate absorption of extracellular materials.

Microvilli

Organs systems are _________________.

anatomical units with related functions formed by two or more organs often large enough to be studied without magnification interdependent on each other

Compared with extracellular fluid, a sample of cytosol has ________.

a relatively high concentration of dissolved or suspended proteins

Peroxisomes function in the ________.

absorption and breakdown (catabolism) of fatty acids

How does oxygen pass through the plasmalemma?

across the membrane's lipid portion

Processes involved in the movement of substances across a membrane at the expense of ATP, via exchange pumps, are classified as ________.

active transport

During ________, the centromere of each chromatid pair separates and the daughter chromosomes are pulled toward opposite ends of the cell, along the chromosomal microtubules.

anaphase

Which of the following directional reference pairs consists of anatomical equivalents when referring to the human body?

anterior, ventral

Which of the following is a function of microtubules?

being part of the spindle apparatus

Large areas of opposing plasmalemma may be interconnected by transmembrane proteins called ________, which bind to each other and to other extracellular materials.

cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)

Which of the following is a cylindrical structure composed of short microtubules?

centriole

Which of the following is a non-membranous organelle?

centriole

The study of anatomical features that may undergo recognizable pathological changes during illness is called __________________________ anatomy.

clinical

The space that contains organs of the respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, urine, and reproductive systems is called the ________.

coelum

At structures called ________, two cells are held together by membrane proteins that function as a narrow passageway, allowing ions, small metabolites, and regulatory molecules to pass from cell to cell.

communication junctions

Factors affecting the rate of phagocytosis include the presence and abundance of ________.

extracellular pathogens or debris

Which of the following is a passive process for material movement across a plasmalemma?

facilitated diffusion

A ________ moves a cell through the surrounding fluid, rather than moving the fluid past a stationary cell.

flagellum

Channels in the plasmalemma that can open or close to regulate the passage of water, small ions, and water-soluble molecules are called ________ channels.

gated

________ is/are the substance(s) involved in facilitated diffusion.

glucose and amino acids

Communicating junctions are found in high quantities in the ________.

heart

The branch of science that studies groups of cells and how they work together is called ________.

histology

The discipline that might examine structural interactions within a sheet of muscle tissue, or groups of specialized cells and cell products that work together to perform specific functions, is called _________________________.

histology

In the nucleus, what is the special protein to which DNA strands are bound?

histone

Hemidesmosomes are found ________.

in epithelial tissues subjected to a significant amount of abrasion and shearing forces

________ provide strength, stabilize the position of organelles, and transport materials within the cytoplasm; they are defined by their size rather than composition, which varies from cell to cell.

intermediate filaments

Somatic cells spend the majority of their functional lives in ________.

interphase

It is important to study the discipline of anatomy because it ________.

is important to understand the link between human structure and function provides information about both external and internal structures will assist individuals to make informed decisions about their personal health provides a basis for understanding more advanced courses in anatomy, physiology, and related disciplines

Dissolved ions and water-soluble compounds cannot cross the ________ portion of a plasmalemma.

lipids

Which of the following is a vesicle that contains enzymes?

lysosome

________ are organelles filled with digestive enzymes, which function in the intracellular removal of pathogens and damaged organelles.

lysosomes

Which cellular operation occurs in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

manufacture of carbohydrates and lipids

The study of structures through specialized imaging techniques, such as ultrasounds, x-rays, or other specialized procedures performed on an intact body, is called ________.

radiography

Iron ions and cholesterol are brought into the cell by the process of ________.

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Which type of anatomy refers to the study of all of the superficial and internal features in a specific area of the body?

regional anatomy

The process of producing a new organism is referred to as ________.

reproduction

The basic functions performed by all living organisms include(s) ________.

reproduction metabolism growth movement

The ________ system allows for gas exchange between the air and circulating blood.

respiratory

The vital ability of an organism to take certain actions when changes occur in its immediate environment is called ________.

responsiveness

The protein-producing organelles are the ________.

ribosomes

Because the plasmalemma blocks some substances and allows others through, it is referred to as being ________.

selectively permeable

Cytokinesis ________.

separates the daughter cells after mitosis

In osmosis, the substance(s) moved across a selectively permeable membrane is/are ________.

water

A/an ________ is a sheet like anchoring junction that serves to stabilize the lateral surfaces of adjacent epithelial cells.

zonula adherens