Applied A & P: Test 2

elements that have atoms with full outer shells of electrons

are inert gases

all fatty acids contain a functional group at one end called the ___ acid group

carboxylic

electrons in an atom occupy series of electron shells or

energy levels

which element commonly has only a proton in its nucleus

hydrogen

the three structural components of a nucleotide are a pentose, a phosphate group, and a ___ base

nitrogenous

the mass number represents the number of

protons plus neutrons

interaction between individual polypeptide chains to form a protein complex is ___ structure

quaternary

cholesterol, phospholipids, and glycolipids are examples of

structural lipids

the pH of the least acidic solution (between 1.0 and 12.0)

12.0

when a small amount of HCl or NaOH is added to a solution of Na2HPO4, the pH of the solution barely changes. based on these observations, all of the following are true concerning the compound Na2HPO4 except: 1. Na2HPO4 is able to accept extra hydrogen ions from the HCl. 2. Na2HPO4 is able to donate hydrogen ions to the OH- from NaOH. 3. Na2HPO4 adsorbs excess H+ and OH- directly onto the surface of its crystalline structure. 4. Na2HPO4 is a salt formed from reacting a strong base with a weak acid. 5. Na2HPO4 acts as a buffer.

3. NOT TRUE: Na2HPO4 absorbs excess H+ OH- directly under the surface of its crystalline structure

substrate molecules bind to enzymes at the ___ sites

active

the monomers of protein are

amino acids

lipids: a. form essential structural components of cells b. provide a significant energy reserve c. help to maintain body temperature d. cushion organs against shock e. all

e. all of the answers are correct

electrons whirl around the center of the atom at high speed, forming a(n)

electron cloud

the three familiar states of matter are solids, liquids, and ___

gases

the ___ of a radioactive substance is the time required for 50 percent of a given amount of radioisotope to decay

half-life

in water, phospholipids tend to form tiny droplets with hydrophobic tails inside called

micelles

molecules with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate group that form biological membranes are called

phospholipids

a fatty acid that contains two or more double covalent bonds is said to be

polyunsaturated

identify the correct statement regarding the process of denaturization

the loss of protein structure