apush amsco ch 2

Massachusetts Bay Colony

1629 - King Charles gave the Puritans a right to settle and govern a colony in the Massachusetts Bay area. The colony established political freedom and a representative government.

John Rolfe

Married Pocahontas and was taught by her how to grow tobacco.

Colonial Social Structure

More open than British society, lacking titled nobility, having only a small number of poor in comparison to Britain's 1/3 poor population. Owning land controlled who had power, and the landowners were the social elite. The social ladder was fairly open for the enterprising, people could move up, meaning social mobility was possible, just difficult. Birth, wealth, and land determined the social elite, who were hard to remove from power.

Squanto

Native American who helped the English colonists in Massachusetts develop agricultural techniques and served as an interpreter between the colonists and the Wampanoag.

treaty with wampanogs

they would both help each other out- colonists would give natives goods from england while natives would help colonists live on the land.

pilgrims journey

went to america on the ship The Mayflower. They wrote the first written constitution. They made the mistake of leaving England in September which meant they arrived in England in November giving them no time to prepare for the winter. Many died that first winter.

Mayflower Compact

written in 1620 on the Mayflower ship, this was the first written constitution.

charter

a document granting special privlieges

Rhode Island (Roger Williams, Anne Hutchinson)

both challanged the puritan government and were kicked out of massachuetts bay. Williams believed that religion and government should not be mixed, he founded Providence in 1636. Hutchinson believed that faith only, not deeds will get you salvation, she founded Portsmouth in 1638

3 types of colonies

corporate, royal, proprietary

House of Burgesses

1619 - The Virginia House of Burgesses formed, the first legislative body in colonial America. Later other colonies would adopt houses of burgesses.

Becon's Rebellion

(1676) Attack lead by Nathaniel Becon against colonial government and governor Berkeley in Virginia. Jamestown and other cities were burned. Becon and his followers won.

Pequot War

1637 The Bay colonists wanted to claim Connecticut for themselves but it belonged to the Pequot. The colonists burned down their village and 400 were killed.

Maryland Act of Toleration

1649 - Ordered by Lord Baltimore after a Protestant was made governor of Maryland at the demand of the colony's large Protestant population. The act guaranteed religious freedom to all Christians.

King Philip's War

1675 - A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanowogs, led by a chief known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians and because the english were unfair with land trades. The war lasted two years and the english finally won once they killed king Philip.

William Bradford

A Pilgrim, the second governor of the Plymouth colony, 1621-1657. He developed private land ownership and helped colonists get out of debt. He helped the colony survive droughts, crop failures, and Indian attacks.

puritan beliefs

A belief that Adam and Eve's sin damned most people for all eternity; that Jesus Christ was sent to save particular people known as the "elect" but since it was difficult to know who the "elect" were they believed that they should live in an exemplary manner.

Puritans

A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay.

Middle Colonies Economy

Based on shipbuilding, small-scale farming, and trade.

Pochahontas

Captured by the colonists. Chief Powhatan daughter who married John Rolfe ending the first Powhatan wars. Taught Rolfe how to grow tobacco.

Massasoit

Chief of the Wampanoags

Southern Colonies Economy

Depended on plantations(large farms) producing large amounts of cash crops, especially rice and tobacco.

Pilgrims

English Puritans who founded Plymouth colony in 1620

John Smith

Helped found and govern Jamestown. His leadership and strict discipline helped the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter.

government in new England compared to Chesapeake.

The New England colonies had a more diverse economy which included shipping, lumber, and export of food crops. On the other hand, the Chesapeake colonies economy focused almost exclusively on the production and export of tobacco and a few other cash crops.

Headright System

The Virginia Company's system in which settlers and the family members who came with them each received 50 acres of land

Jamestown

The first permanent English settlement in North America, found in East Virginia. 1620s. Had issues with the Powhatan confederacy and struggled the first few months because there was little food. The location of the settlement was bad too because it was in a swampy area with bugs and little land to farm on.

Wampanoag

Which Indian tribe taught the Pilgrims how to cultivate the land and were invited to the Thanksgiving meal

compare english interaction with natives to french and spanish

english: Started out friendly, relied heavily on NAs for trade and help w/survival; eventually major conflicts ensued between English colonists and NAs due to English greed and violence french: French had more respect generally for NAs than English or Spanish colonists did, which allowed them to form alliances against British; though they did try to convert some NAs spanish: NAs were seen as "pure, innocent," or heathens who could be converted to Xanity; they were also seen as savages who should only be killed or enslaved

Pennsylvania

founded William Penn this colony allowed protection to all quakers and religious persecuted people.

Reasons to leave England

religion, to start a new life

Economics of New England

shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, subsistence farming, manufacturing

religion in the colonies (compare three regions)

some areas like massachuetts bay were very strict on religion, only allowing it one way. other areas like pennsylvania were accpeting of any type of religion (they had religious tolerance). other areas like rhode island were an in between of the other two, they allowed some freedom but not as much as other areas.

Powatan Confederacy

the group of native americans that jamestown had the most issues with

Georgia

the last of the 13 colonies. created so that there would be a buffer between spanish Florida and the Carolinas and also created as a place to send prisoners from england who did not pay off their debts.