APUSH ch 17 & 18 apclassroom

which of the following was a long-term development that contributed to the change in chinese immigration depicted in the graph between 1875 and 1885? A. chinese laborers competed with white laborers for jobs and mineral wealth during the 1850s and 1860s B. chinese recruits were used to replace white soldiers in the union army during the civil war C. chinese immigrations filled most of the factory jobs created during the market revolution D. chinese farmers settled american indian lands taken by the united states in the 1830s and 1840s

A. chinese laborers competed with white laborers for jobs and mineral wealth during the 1850s and 1860s

the developments depicted on the map most strongly affected american indians by A. increasing armed conflict with united states citizens and threatening traditional ways of life B. promoting economic growth through new lines of trade with previously isolated communities C. encouraging the federal government to recognize american indian sovereignty D. reducing contact with white settlers due to the abandonment of old overland routes to the pacific

A. increasing armed conflict with united states citizens and threatening traditional ways of life

which of the following best accounts for the success of the american federalist of labor in organizing labor in the late 1800s? A. its policy of organizing only skilled craftsman B. its organization of all workers within a single industry into one union C. its policy of radical inclusiveness D. its campaign for a minimum wage E. its active recruitment of immigrant workers

A. its policy of organizing only skilled craftsman

Which of the following developments best explains changes in agricultural production in the United States during the 1880s and 1890s? A. new systems of transportation integrated farming into national markets B. farmers established new plantations for commercial crops such as cotton and tobacco C. the civil war devastated farms in large portions of the south D. commercial farms increasingly relied on labor provided by immigrants

A. new systems of transportation integrated farming into national markets

the "atlanta compromise" is the name given to the... A. proposal that african americans emphasize making economic progress over the quest for political and social equality B. political concessions southern white politicians made to african americans in order to win their support against northerners C. southern agreement to supply raw materials to the north and west in exchange for manufactured products D. political deal made by northern republicans and southern democrats to pass legislation favoring the gold standard E. agreement expected to forge a new republican party of northern moderates and south conservatives

A. proposal that african americans emphasize making economic progress over the quest for political and social equality

the method of mass production that developed during the nineteenth century was a process that A. relied on the use of power-driven machinery B. utilized wireless communications to improve efficiency C. gave workers greater autonomy, less supervision, and the chance to be creative D. relied on guilds to train artisans E. promoted more cooperation between labor unions and factory owners

A. relied on the use of power-driven machinery

the american federation of labor under the leadership of samuel gompers organized? A. skilled workers in craft unions in order to achieve economic gains B. all industrial and agricultural workers in "one big union" C. unskilled workers along industrial lines D. workers and intellectuals into a labor party for political action E. workers into a fraternal organization to provide unemployment and old-age benefits

A. skilled workers in craft unions in order to achieve economic gains

the decisions of the supreme court in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries generally did which of the following? A. strengthened the position of big business B. strengthened the regulatory powers of the federal government C. strengthened the position of organized labor D. protected the civil and political rights of african americans E. protected the civil and political rights of women

A. strengthened the position of big business

which of the following best explains a connection between the economic productivity of the united states in the mid-1800s and in the late 1800s? A. the application of new technologies expanded large-scale industrial manufacturing B. labor unions sought to improve conditions in factories and wages for workers C. the use of sharecropping in the south expanded cotton agricultural production D. corporations' need for managers fostered the growth of a large middle class

A. the application of new technologies expanded large-scale industrial manufacturing

this situation depicted in the image contributed most immediately to A. the organization of new labor unions to confront managerial power B. businesses seeking control over markets and resources outside the united states C. efforts by southern leaders to achieve industrial development similar to that of the north D. the creation of a federal agency to regulate the money supply

A. the organization of new labor unions to confront managerial power

the 1896 supreme court decision plessy v. ferguson did which of the following? A. upheld segregated railroad facilities B. declared civil rights legislation unconstitutional C. upheld literacy testing as a condition of voting in federal elections D. outlawed segregation in public schools E. restricted the right to purchase or sell the land

A. upheld segregated railroad facilities

andrew carnegie gospel of wealth was based on the belief that wealthy industrialists should use their wealth to A. acquire additional landholdings in the west B. create new business C. finance philanthropic endeavors D. pay workers better wages and benefits E. live in luxury

C. finance philanthropic endeavors

Although the Sherman Antitrust Act was originally intended to inhibit the growth of business monopolies, courts initially used its provisions successfully against A. urban political machines B. banks C. public schools D. labor unions E. immigrants

D. labor unions

"Yet, after all our years of toil and privation, dangers and hardships upon the ... frontier, monopoly is taking our homes from us by an infamous system of mortgage foreclosure, the most infamous that has ever disgraced the statutes of a civilized nation. ... How did it happen? The government, at the bid of Wall Street, repudiated its contracts with the people; the circulating medium was contracted. ... As Senator Plumb [of Kansas] tells us, 'Our debts were increased, while the means to pay them was decreased.' [A]s grand Senator ... Stewart [of Nevada] puts it, 'For twenty years the market value of the dollar has gone up and the market value of labor has gone down, till today the American laborer, in bitterness and wrath, asks which is the worst: the black slavery that has gone or the white slavery that has come?'" — Mary Elizabeth Lease, speech to the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 1890 the economy described in the speech is most similar to the economy in which of the following decades? A. 1910s B. 1930s C. 1950s D. 1960s

B. 1930s

"One by one the southern states have legally disfranchised the Afro-American, and since the repeal of the Civil Rights Bill nearly every southern state has passed separate [railroad] car laws with a penalty against their infringement. The race, regardless of advancement, is penned into filthy, stifling partitions cut off from smoking cars." the author of the statement above was A. a scalawag in the 1870s B. an african american journalist in the 1890s C. a white segregationist in the 1910s D. a white southern democrat in the 1930s E. an african american civil rights worker in the 1970s

B. an african american journalist in the 1890s

"There remains, then, only one mode of using great fortunes; but in this we have the true antidote for the temporary unequal distribution of wealth, the reconciliation of the rich and the poor—a reign of harmony.... Under its sway we shall have an ideal state, in which the surplus wealth of the few will become, in the best sense, the property of the many, because administered for the common good, and this wealth, passing through the hands of the few, can be made a much more potent force for the elevation of our race than if it had been distributed in small sums to the people themselves. Even the poorest can be made to see this, and to agree that great sums gathered by some of their fellow-citizens and spent for public purposes, from which the masses reap the principal benefit, are more valuable to them than if scattered among them through the course of many years in trifling amounts." Andrew Carnegie, "Wealth," 1889 the "temporary unequal distribution of wealth" that carnegie refers to in the excerpt resulted most directly from the... A. growth of cities in both size and number B. consolidation of corporations into trusts and holding companies C. efforts by workers to organize local and national unions D. government policy of reducing tariffs to promote free trades

B. consolidation of corporations into trusts and holding companies

the major goal of the social gospel movement in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was to A. encourage support for charles darwin's theory of biological evolution B. draw the attention of protestant churches to the plight of the urban poor C. send missionaries to convert american indians to protestantism D. promote the spread of protestantism in the united states territorial processions E. simulate public interest in the principles of anglo-saxon supreity

B. draw the attention of protestant churches to the plight of the urban poor

the developments depicted on the map most directly contributed to the A. decline of sharecropping in the southeast B. heightening of nativist feelings against foreign-born workers in the west C. passage of federal legislation to protect endangered species of animals and plants D. unprecedented prosperity for farmers as crop prices rose and transportation prices fell

B. heightening of nativist feelings against foreign-born workers in the west

"The purpose of this article is to present some of the best methods of performing this duty of administering surplus wealth for the good of the people. The first requisite for a really good use of wealth by the millionaire who has accepted the gospel [of wealth] . . . is to take care that the purpose for which he spends it shall not have a degrading, pauperizing tendency upon its recipients, and that his trust should be so administered as to stimulate the best and most aspiring poor of the community to further efforts for their own improvement. . . . "The result of my own study of the question 'What is the best gift which can be given to a community?' is that a free library occupies the first place, provided the community will accept and maintain it as a public institution, as much a part of the city property as its public schools. . . . "Many free libraries have been established in our country, but none that I know of with such wisdom as the Pratt Library, of Baltimore. Mr. [Enoch] Pratt presented to the city of Baltimore one million dollars [for the library]. . . . It is safe to say that the 37,000 frequenters of the Pratt Library are of more value to Baltimore, to the State [of Maryland], and to the country than all the inert, lazy, and hopelessly-poor in the whole nation. . . . ". . . The problem of poverty and wealth, of employer and employed, will be practically solved whenever the time of the [wealthy] few is given, and their wealth is administered during their lives, for the best good of that portion of the community which has not been burdened by the responsibilities which attend the possession of wealth." Andrew Carnegie, "The Best Fields for Philanthropy," North American Review, 1889 which of the following can best be concluded about the late 1800s based on the situation in which the excerpt was produced? A. industrialists focused on established international markets for their products B. people debated the best means for expanding educational opportunities C. politicians argued about whether to increase taxes on people with wealth D. workers supported the consolidation of businesses into corporations

B. people debated the the best means for expanding educational opportunities

Which of the following best accounts for the curve on the graph above depicting immigration to the Unites States from Asia, Africa and the Americas between 1882 and 1900? A. rapid expansion of the british empire into the southern hemisphere B. restrictive congressional legislation C. immigration to less-settled areas of the world D. improved worldwide economic conditions E. reduction of potential immigrant populations by widespread epidemics

B. restrictive congressional legislation

"Yet, after all our years of toil and privation, dangers and hardships upon the ... frontier, monopoly is taking our homes from us by an infamous system of mortgage foreclosure, the most infamous that has ever disgraced the statutes of a civilized nation. ... How did it happen? The government, at the bid of Wall Street, repudiated its contracts with the people; the circulating medium was contracted. ... As Senator Plumb [of Kansas] tells us, 'Our debts were increased, while the means to pay them was decreased.' [A]s grand Senator ... Stewart [of Nevada] puts it, 'For twenty years the market value of the dollar has gone up and the market value of labor has gone down, till today the American laborer, in bitterness and wrath, asks which is the worst: the black slavery that has gone or the white slavery that has come?'" — Mary Elizabeth Lease, speech to the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 1890 lease's views best reflect the influence of which of the following developments in social and political movements in the 1890s? A. increased calls for radical overthrow of the federal government B. rising grassroots challenges to the dominant economic system C. greater support for the corporate power in agriculture D. emerging ideological justifications for inequalities of wealth

B. rising grassroots challenges to the dominant economic system

"Economically speaking, aggregated [accumulated] capital will be more and more essential to the performance of our social tasks. Furthermore, it seems to me certain that all aggregated capital will fall more and more under personal control. Each great company will be known as controlled by one master mind. The reason for this lies in the great superiority of personal management over management by boards and committees. This tendency is in the public interest, for it is in the direction of more satisfactory responsibility. The great hindrance to the development of this continent has lain in the lack of capital. The capital which we have had has been wasted by division and dissipation, and by injudicious applications. The waste of capital, in proportion to the total capital, in this country between 1800 and 1850, in the attempts which were made to establish means of communication and transportation, was enormous. The waste was chiefly due to ignorance and bad management, especially to State control of public works. We are to see the development of the country pushed forward at an unprecedented rate by an aggregation of capital, and a systematic application of it under the direction of competent men. This development will be for the benefit of all, and it will enable each one of us, in his measure and way, to increase his wealth. We may each of us go ahead to do so, and we have every reason to rejoice in each other's prosperity. . . . Capital inherited by a spendthrift [person who spends money freely] will be squandered and re-accumulated in the hands of men who are fit and competent to hold it. So it should be, and under such a state of things there is no reason to desire to limit the property which any man may acquire." William Graham Sumner, university professor, What Social Classes Owe to Each Other, 1883 the excerpt best reflects which of the following economic developments in the late 1800s? A. the growth in support for government regulation of the economy B. the consolidation of power over the economy by business leaders C. the end of federal support for transportation infrastructure projects D. the spread of technological innovations in agricultural production

B. the consolidation of power over the economy by business leaders

"The remedy for... inefficiency lies in systematic management.... The fundamental principles of scientific management are applicable to all kinds of human activities, from our simplest individual acts to the work of our great corporations.... At the works of Bethlehem Steel, for example,... thousands of stop-watch observations were made to study just how quickly a laborer... can push his shovel into the pile of materials and then draw it out properly loaded.... With data of this sort before him, . . . the man who is directing shovelers can first teach them the exact methods which should be employed to use their strength to the very best advantage." Frederick Winslow Taylor, The Principles of Scientific Management, 1911 Taylor's ideas expressed in the excerpt emerged most directly in response to which of the following developments in the united states? A. the need for rebuilding infrastructure after the civil war B. the rise of industrial capitalism C. an increase in the standard of living D. excessive government regulation of business

B. the rise of industrial capitalism

the union membership card pictured above is designed to accomplish which of the following? A. encourage united states workers to unite against foreign competition B. assure the public that strikes and walkouts were not part of union policy C. link union membership with patriotic and religious images D. point out the dangers of working as a longshoreman

C. link union membership with patriotic and religious images

In the second half of the nineteenth century, the formation of labor unions was often a response to? A. federal production of workers' rights to organize B. the large numbers of immigrants working in factories C. low wages and dangerous conditions in industrial work D. the presence of women in certain areas of industrial work E. the emergence of multinational companies and increased global competition

C. low wages and dangerous conditions in industrial work

"Formerly the individual was the pioneer of civilization; now, the railroad is the pioneer, and the individual follows, or is only slightly in advance. . . . The wild roses are blooming today, and the sod is yet unturned . . . where, in a year or two will be heard the screech of the locomotive and the tramp of the approaching legions, another year will bring the beginning of the change; towns and cities will spring into existence, and the steam whistle and the noise of saws and hammers, and the click and clatter of machinery, the sound of industry will be heard. The prairies will be golden with the ripening harvest, and the field and the forest, the mine and the river, will all yield their abundance to the ever growing multitude." George A. Batchelder, A Sketch of the History and Resources of Dakota Territory, 1870 The settlement pattern described in the excerpt was most similar to earlier settlement patterns in that it was... A. discourage by the federal government through legislation B. motivated largely by the desire to expand protestant christianity C. accompanied by conflict with american indians over landownership D. the source of political divisions over the expansion of slavery

C. accompanied by conflict with american indians over landownership

which of the following arguments did some late-nineteenth-century leaders use to justify the situation depicted in the image? A. the federal government provided social welfare services for people living in poverty B. immigrant workers contributed to economic growth in the united states C. evolutionary principles determined that people succeeded based on their merits D. the reliance on male leaders protected women from the dangers of factory work

C. evolutionary principles determined that people succeeded based on their merits

"The remedy for... inefficiency lies in systematic management.... The fundamental principles of scientific management are applicable to all kinds of human activities, from our simplest individual acts to the work of our great corporations.... At the works of Bethlehem Steel, for example,... thousands of stop-watch observations were made to study just how quickly a laborer... can push his shovel into the pile of materials and then draw it out properly loaded.... With data of this sort before him, . . . the man who is directing shovelers can first teach them the exact methods which should be employed to use their strength to the very best advantage." Frederick Winslow Taylor, The Principles of Scientific Management, 1911 which of the following groups of people would have been most likely to oppose Taylor's management ideas? A. tenant farmers B. owners of large businesses C. factory workers D. white-collar professionals

C. factory workers

"Yet, after all our years of toil and privation, dangers and hardships upon the ... frontier, monopoly is taking our homes from us by an infamous system of mortgage foreclosure, the most infamous that has ever disgraced the statutes of a civilized nation. ... How did it happen? The government, at the bid of Wall Street, repudiated its contracts with the people; the circulating medium was contracted. ... As Senator Plumb [of Kansas] tells us, 'Our debts were increased, while the means to pay them was decreased.' [A]s grand Senator ... Stewart [of Nevada] puts it, 'For twenty years the market value of the dollar has gone up and the market value of labor has gone down, till today the American laborer, in bitterness and wrath, asks which is the worst: the black slavery that has gone or the white slavery that has come?'" — Mary Elizabeth Lease, speech to the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 1890 in the speech, lease was reacting primarily to the problems faced by which of the following groups? A. bankers B. southern european migrants C. farmers D. african americans

C. farmers

which of the following was a primary cause of the developments depicted on the map? A. southern states encouraged former slaves to seek employment on the railroads in the west B. american indians voluntarily relocated to centralized settlements to free space for transportation systems C. federal subsides encouraged the growth of infrastructure D. labor unions lobbied for projects that expanded jobs in the railroad industry

C. federal subsides encouraged the growth of infrastructure

"When [Robert E.] Lee surrendered . . . the South became, and has since been, loyal to this Union. We fought hard enough to know that we were whipped, and in perfect frankness accept as final the [arbitration] of the sword to which we had appealed. . . . "The old South rested everything on slavery and agriculture, unconscious that these could neither give nor maintain healthy growth. The new South presents a perfect democracy, the oligarchs leading in the popular movement—a social system compact and closely knitted, less splendid on the surface, but stronger at the core—a hundred farms for every plantation, fifty homes for every palace—and a diversified industry that meets the complex need of this complex age. "The new South is enamored of her new work. Her soul is stirred with the breath of a new life. The light of a grander day is falling fair on her face. She is thrilling with the consciousness of growing power and prosperity. As she stands upright, full-statured and equal among the people of the earth, breathing the keen air and looking out upon the expanded horizon, she understands that her emancipation came because through the inscrutable wisdom of God her honest purpose was crossed, and her brave armies were beaten." Henry W. Grady, Georgia newspaper editor and Democratic political activist, speech in New York City, 1886 evidence in the excerpt can best be used to support which of the following arguments about the historical situation of south after the civil war? A. some elite southerners opposed the growth of sharecropping B. elections in south were more democratic than in the north C. some southern leaders promoted industrialization as progress D. northern politicians hindered the economic recovery of the south

C. some southern leaders promoted industrialization as progress

in his atlantic compromise speech, booker t. washington called for which of the following? A. african american voting rights B. an end to racial segregation C. support for african american self-help D. educational equality for african americans E. racial integration of religious organizations

C. support for african americans self-help

by the 1870s, which of the following most reflected the continuation of the trend depicted on the maps? A. the purchase of automobiles by most households in the united states B. the extension of electrical power to most homes in the united states C. the completion of transcontinental railroads D. the development and use of the cotton gin in the south

C. the completion of transcontinental railroads

"The purpose of this article is to present some of the best methods of performing this duty of administering surplus wealth for the good of the people. The first requisite for a really good use of wealth by the millionaire who has accepted the gospel [of wealth] . . . is to take care that the purpose for which he spends it shall not have a degrading, pauperizing tendency upon its recipients, and that his trust should be so administered as to stimulate the best and most aspiring poor of the community to further efforts for their own improvement. . . . "The result of my own study of the question 'What is the best gift which can be given to a community?' is that a free library occupies the first place, provided the community will accept and maintain it as a public institution, as much a part of the city property as its public schools. . . . "Many free libraries have been established in our country, but none that I know of with such wisdom as the Pratt Library, of Baltimore. Mr. [Enoch] Pratt presented to the city of Baltimore one million dollars [for the library]. . . . It is safe to say that the 37,000 frequenters of the Pratt Library are of more value to Baltimore, to the State [of Maryland], and to the country than all the inert, lazy, and hopelessly-poor in the whole nation. . . . ". . . The problem of poverty and wealth, of employer and employed, will be practically solved whenever the time of the [wealthy] few is given, and their wealth is administered during their lives, for the best good of that portion of the community which has not been burdened by the responsibilities which attend the possession of wealth." Andrew Carnegie, "The Best Fields for Philanthropy," North American Review, 1889 the excerpt best serves as evidence for which of the following developments in the late 1800s? A. the impact of the construction of transcontinental railroads on united states commerce B. the growing support for labor unions among the owners of corporations C. the emergence of arguments that wealthy people had a moral obligation to help society D. the decline of urban centers as immigrant populations moved westward

C. the emergence of argument that wealthy people had a moral obligation to help society

"Money is power, and you ought to be reasonablyambitious to have it. You ought because you can domore good with it than you could without it. Moneyprinted your Bible, money builds your churches. . . .The man who gets the largest salary can do the mostgood with the power that is furnished to him. Of coursehe can if his spirit be right to use it for what it is givento him. I say, then, you ought to have money." the quotation above is an example of... A. transcendentalism B. existentialism C. the gospel of wealth D. the social gospel E. reform darwinism

C. the gospel of wealth

all of the following are true of the railroad expansion in the late nineteenth century EXCEPT that it A. opened new territories to commercial agriculture B. accelerated the growth of some older cities and created new ones C. was financed by private corporations without government assistance D. led to new managerial forms and techniques E. was often capitalized beyond what was needed

C. was financed by private corporations without government assistance

"Yet, after all our years of toil and privation, dangers and hardships upon the ... frontier, monopoly is taking our homes from us by an infamous system of mortgage foreclosure, the most infamous that has ever disgraced the statutes of a civilized nation. ... How did it happen? The government, at the bid of Wall Street, repudiated its contracts with the people; the circulating medium was contracted. ... As Senator Plumb [of Kansas] tells us, 'Our debts were increased, while the means to pay them was decreased.' [A]s grand Senator ... Stewart [of Nevada] puts it, 'For twenty years the market value of the dollar has gone up and the market value of labor has gone down, till today the American laborer, in bitterness and wrath, asks which is the worst: the black slavery that has gone or the white slavery that has come?'" — Mary Elizabeth Lease, speech to the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 1890 people who agreed with the argument made in the speech would most likely have recommended which of the following solutions? A. separate but equal segregated facilities to increase job opportunities for white workers B. continuation of the gold standard as the basis for money C. reduced government involvement in the economy in order to create more competition D. a stronger government role in the economics system

D. a stronger government role in economics system

"Economically speaking, aggregated [accumulated] capital will be more and more essential to the performance of our social tasks. Furthermore, it seems to me certain that all aggregated capital will fall more and more under personal control. Each great company will be known as controlled by one master mind. The reason for this lies in the great superiority of personal management over management by boards and committees. This tendency is in the public interest, for it is in the direction of more satisfactory responsibility. The great hindrance to the development of this continent has lain in the lack of capital. The capital which we have had has been wasted by division and dissipation, and by injudicious applications. The waste of capital, in proportion to the total capital, in this country between 1800 and 1850, in the attempts which were made to establish means of communication and transportation, was enormous. The waste was chiefly due to ignorance and bad management, especially to State control of public works. We are to see the development of the country pushed forward at an unprecedented rate by an aggregation of capital, and a systematic application of it under the direction of competent men. This development will be for the benefit of all, and it will enable each one of us, in his measure and way, to increase his wealth. We may each of us go ahead to do so, and we have every reason to rejoice in each other's prosperity. . . . Capital inherited by a spendthrift [person who spends money freely] will be squandered and re-accumulated in the hands of men who are fit and competent to hold it. So it should be, and under such a state of things there is no reason to desire to limit the property which any man may acquire." William Graham Sumner, university professor, What Social Classes Owe to Each Other, 1883 the practices of big-business leaders in the late 1800s best reflect which of the following actions illustrated by the excerpt? A. big-business leaders misused most of the money that they inherited on unprofitable ventures B. big-business leaders cared little about the working conditions for laborers in their factories C. bis-business leaders supported government efforts to lessen the effects of depressions D. big-business leaders used their influence to facilitate rapid economic growth

D. big-business leaders used their influence to facilitate rapid economic growth

Question refers to the excerpt below. "How many times have you heard the story that we cleaned up Pittsburgh years ago? Do you know that Pittsburgh air is far more dangerous to breathe now[?]... The danger is the gas you do not see—the sulfur dioxide that our environmental scientists tell us is increasing." Public service announcement script, Group Against Smog and Pollution (GASP), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 1970 "Mothers are all alike. They spend most of the day washing clothes, washing dishes, washing diapers, dusting and cleaning and scrubbing. A clean house means a clean family. But what about the air? Is someone else out there scrubbing and cleaning the air? Don't hold your breath! FIGHT FOR IT. Attend the public meeting." Public service announcement script, Group Against Smog and Pollution (GASP), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 1970 throughout united states history, which of the following groups most typically opposed the perspectives expressed in the public service announcements? A. urban political leaders B. advocates for greater economic equality C. members of organized labor unions D. business executives concerned about economic growth

D. business executives concerned about economic growth

the image was created most directly in response to the A. provision of government subsides for transportation B. rampant consumerism of the middle class C. increased migration of people from southern and eastern europe D. consolidation of corporations into trusts and holding companies

D. consolidation of corporations into trusts and holding companies

"There remains, then, only one mode of using great fortunes; but in this we have the true antidote for the temporary unequal distribution of wealth, the reconciliation of the rich and the poor—a reign of harmony.... Under its sway we shall have an ideal state, in which the surplus wealth of the few will become, in the best sense, the property of the many, because administered for the common good, and this wealth, passing through the hands of the few, can be made a much more potent force for the elevation of our race than if it had been distributed in small sums to the people themselves. Even the poorest can be made to see this, and to agree that great sums gathered by some of their fellow-citizens and spent for public purposes, from which the masses reap the principal benefit, are more valuable to them than if scattered among them through the course of many years in trifling amounts." Andrew Carnegie, "Wealth," 1889 which of the following policies would carnegie most likely have supported? A. the use of federal power to redistribute wealth B. government creation of jobs for unemployed people C. increased regulation of corporations D. laissez-faire economics

D. laissez-faire economics

which of the following contexts best explains the construction of transcontinental railroads in the late 1800s? A. reconstruction policies allowed freedom of movement for formerly enslaved people B. westward migration created consumer demand for a transportation system connecting the east and the west C. conflicts between the north and the south drove their economic development in different directions D. large-scale industrial production brought business consolidation and the needed capital to support railroad construction

D. large-scale industrial production brought business consolidation and the needed capital to support railroad construction

which of the following most directly affected the lives of the late-nineteenth-century workers? A. widespread movement to suburban neighborhoods B. groups that advocated for women's voting rights C. alternative visions of a good society offered through utopianism D. political machines that provided social services in exchange for votes

D. political machines that provided social services in exchange for votes

"The Erie Canal poured into New York City [wealth] far exceeding that which its early friends predicted. . . . In the city, merchants, bankers, warehousemen, [and] shippers . . . seized the opportunity to perfect and specialize their services, fostering round after round of business innovations that within a decade of the opening of the Erie Canal had made New York by far the best place in America to engage in commerce. . . . ". . . Even before its economic benefits were realized fully, rival seaports with hopes of tapping interior trade began to imagine dreadful prospects of permanent eclipse. Whatever spirit of mutual good feeling and national welfare once greeted [internal improvements] now disappeared behind desperate efforts in cities . . . to create for themselves a westward connection." John Lauritz Larson, historian, Internal Improvement: National Public Works and the Promise of Popular Government in the Early United States, 2001 which of the following later developments had an effect most similar to that described in the excerpt? A. the invention of the mechanical reaper in the 1830s B. the annexation of Texas in the 1840s C. the growth of political party competition in the 1850s D. the completion of the first transcontinental railroad in the 1860s

D. the completion of the first transcontinental railroad in the 1860s

in the last quarter of the nineteenth century, american agriculture was characterized by... A. a decline in the number of tenant farmers B. a decline in foreclosures on midwestern farms C. a decline in the number of farm cooperatives D. an increase in wholesale prices for farm products E. an increase in acres under civilization

E. an increase in acres under civilization

the precipitating factor in the 1894 pullman strike was pullman's A. dismissal of union workers B. introduction of scrip in part of payment wages C. retraction of its promise to provide an employee insurance and retirement plan D. employment of immigrant labor at less than a living wage E. cutting of wages without proportionate cuts in company housing rents

E. cutting of wages without proportionate cuts in company housing rents

All of the following account for nativist sentiment against the "new immigrants" of the late nineteenth century EXCEPT that the immigrants? A. practiced different religions B. had different languages and cultures C. were willing to work for lower wages than were native-born workers D. were not familiar with the united states political system E. dominate the professions of law, medicine, and engineering

E. dominate the professions of law, medicine, and engineering

which of the following was true of the american labor movement in the late nineteenth century? A. it was controlled by immigrant socialists and anarchists B. it was confined to factory workers C. it was protected from employer harassment by federal law and policy D. it was allied with the democratic party E. it was involved in a number of viokent strikes

E. it was involved in a number of violent strikes

andrew carnegie's gospel of wealth endorced which of the following views? A. major industries should be nationalized to ensure equitable distribution of wealth B. trusts and combinations were desirable because they guaranteed job stability to immigrant workers C. utopian communities were desirable because they protected the well-being of people living in poverty D. all workers could attain wealth by following a diligent work ethic E. wealthy individuals have a duty to return their fortunes to society

E. wealthy individuals have a duty to return their fortunes to society