APUSH: Chapter 14 - Forging the National Economy (1790-1860)

All of the following are true statements about German immigrants except (a) they typically settled in Northeast coastal cities (b) they tended to be better educated than mainstream Americans (c) they supported public school, the arts, and music (d) they settled in compact colonies to preserve their language and culture.

A

As a result of the development of the cotton gin (a) slavery revived and expanded (b) American industry bought more southern cotton than did British manufacturers (c) slavery declined in the importance of the development of the South's economy (d) the South diversified its economy

A

Construction of the Erie Canal (a) forced some New England farms to move or change occupations (b) showed how long-established local markets could survive a continental economy (c) helped farmers so much that industrialization was slowed (d) was completed without any financial support or expenditures from the state of New York

A

Immigrants coming to the United States before 1860 (a) helped to fuel economic expansion (b) found themselves involved in a few cultural conflicts (c) had little impact on society until after the Civil War (d) settled mostly in the South

A

In general, ______________ tended to bind the West and the South together, while ___________ and ___________ connected West to East (a) steamboats, canals, railroads (b) railroads, canals, steamboats (c) canals, steamboats, turnpikes (d) turnpikes, steamboats, canals

A

Most early established roads in the United States were built in the (a) North (b) Old South (c) lower Mississippi Valley (d) Far West

A

The American workforce in the early nineteenth century was characterized by (a) substantial employment of women and children in factories (b) strikes by workers that were few in number but usually effective (c) reliance on the system of apprentices and masters (d) extensive union activity among workers

A

The effect of early-nineteenth-century industrialization on the trans-Allegheny West was to encourage (a) specialized, cash crop culture (b) higher tariffs (c) self-sufficient farming (d) farmers to abandon agriculture and sell their land to move to cities for better economic opportunities

A

The overwhelming event for Ireland in the 1840's was (a) the rebellion against British rule and potato famine (b) influx of immigrants from mostly Eastern European countries (c) the granting of limited home rule to most of Ireland by Great Britain (d) the migration from the countryside to the city

A

Whether they were properitied of landless, immigrants were often enticed to leave their homeland by (a) letters from family or friend in the U.S., bragging about easy opportunites for wealth (b) advertisements from companies promising big salaries to those who emigrate (c) greater prospects of finding a suitable wife in the West (d) word that there was free land available in the West

A

All of the following gave rise to a more dynamic, market-oriented, national economy in early nineteenth-century America except (a) better roads, faster steamboats, further-reaching canals. and tentacle-stretching railroads (b) government regulation of all major economic activity (c) a vast number of Eurp[eam immigrants settling in the cities (d) newly invented machinery

B

As the new continental market economy grew (a) individual households became increasingly self sufficient (b) the home came to be viewed as a refuge from the workday world (c) traditional women's work became more highly valued and increasingly important (d) respect for women as homemakers declined

B

Between 1830 and 1860, nearly ____________ million Irish arrived in America (a) 20 (b) 2 (c) 5 (d) 8

B

Early-nineteenth century American families (a) were becoming more loosely knit and less affectionate (b) were getting smaller (c) taught their children to be unquestioningly obedient (d) usually allowed parents to determine the choice of marriage-partners

B

Ecological imperialism, as exemplified during the American historical period of 1790-1860, can best be described as (a) the efforts of white settlers to take land from Native Americans (b) the wanton, heedless exploitation of natural resource by humans aggressively engaged in economic development and trade (c) human's domination over the animal kingdom (d) the practice of using spectacular natural settings as symbols of America

B

Eli Whitney was instrumental in the invention of the (a) steamboat (b) cotton gin (c) railroad locomotive (d) telegraph

B

For women, life on the frontier was especially difficult because they (a) were more susceptible to disease and premature death than men (b) experienced extreme loneliness and mental breakdown for weeks without seeing another person (c) had to live three-sided lean-to homes made of sticks (d) were regularly required to help clear the land and do the housework

B

In early-nineteenth-century America, the (a) the annual population growth rate was much higher than colonial days (b) the urban population was growing at an unprecedented rate (c) birthrate was rapidly declining (d) the death rate was increasing

B

In the case of Commonwealth v. Hunt, the supreme court of Massachusetts ruled that (a) corporations were unconstitutional (b) labor unions were not illegal conspiracies in Massachusetts provided that their strategies and tactics were honorable and peaceful. (c) labor strikes were illegal as violations of the federal Fair Labor Standards Act (d) the state could regulate factory wages and working conditions.

B

Life on the frontier was (a) fairly comfortable for women but not for men. (b) downright grim for most pioneer families. (c) free of disease and premature death. (d) rarely portrayed in popular literature.

B

Match each individual below with the correct invention a. Samuel Morse 1. telegraph b. Cyrus McCormick 2. mower-reaper c. Elias Howe 3. steamboat d. Robert Fulton 4. sewing machine (a) a-3, b-1, c-4, d-2 (b) a-1, b-2, c-4, d-3 (c) a-1, b-4, c-2, d-3 (d) a-4, b-2, c-3, d-1

B

The American phase of the industrial revolution first blossomed (a) on southern plantations (b) in the New England textile industry (c) in coal and iron mining regions (d) in railroads and shipbuilding

B

The major application for steamboats transporting freight and passengers in the United States was on (a) New England streams (b) western and southern rivers (c) the Great Lakes (d) the Gulf of Mexico

B

The sentiment of fear and opposition to open immigration was called (a) the cult of domesticity (b) nativism (c) racism (d) rugged individualism

B

George Caitlin advocated (a) placing Indians on reservations (b) efforts to protect America's endangered species (c) the preservation of nature as a national policy (d) keeping white settlers out of the West

C

German immigrants in the early nineteenth century tended to (a) settle in eastern industrial cities (b) return to Germany when they experienced difficult economic times in the United States (c) preserve their own language and culture (d) join the temperance movement

C

In the new continental economy, each region specialized in a particular economic activity: the South _________ for export; the West grew grains and livestock to feed _________; and the East _________ for the other two regions. (a) processed meat, southern slaves, raised grain (b) grew cotton. southern slaves, made machines and textiles (c) grew cotton. eastern factory workers, make machines and textiles (d) raised grain, eastern factory workers, made furniture and tools

C

Native-born Protestant Americans distrusted and resented the Irish immigrants for all of the following reasons except (a) the Irish immigrants were financially poor and initially struggled to make economic gains in American society (b) the Irish immigrants were thought to love alcohol to excess (c) the Irish immigrants were very slow to learn American English and mostly spoke Gaelic in their urban neighborhoods (d) the Irish immigrants constructed a network of parish schools that promoted and advance Roman Catholicism in America

C

One of the primary goals of the child-centered family of the early-mid 1800s was to (a) raise children who were obedient to authority (b) allow parents to spoil their children (c) raise independent individuals who would become responsible citizens of the American republic (d) increase the average number of children per family to five per household

C

The canal era of American history began with the construction of the (a) Ontario Canal connecting New York and Canada (British North America) (b) James River and Kanasha Canal from Virginia to Ohio (c) Erie Canal in New York (d) Suez Canal in Illinois

C

The dramatic growth of American cities between 1800 and 1860 (a) sparked federal, state and local government to develop urban public transportation networks and an array of social services to manage this growth during this period (b) contributed to a decline in the birthrate (c) resulted in unsanitary conditions in many communities (d) force the federal government to slow immigration

C

The underlying basis for modern mass production was the (a) the passing of protective tariffs (b) Supreme Court rulings that favored laissez-faire (c) the use of interchangeable parts (d) the principle of limited liability

C

All of the following are true statements about the relationship between Irish immigrants and U.S. citizens except (a) the Irish were seen as wage-depressing competitors for jobs by many Protestant American workers (b) Nativist Americans from the middle and upper classes generally hated the Irish (c) the Irish often saw signs on factory gates that said "No Irish Need Apply" (d) Irish immigrants became fiercely supportive of the abolitionist cause

D

All of the following are true statements about the workers in the Lowell factory system except (a) they were virtually all New England farm girls (b) they were carefully supervised on and off the job by watchful matrons (c) they lived in company boardinghouses and were forbidden to form unions (d) they worked a maximum five days a week for eight hours a day

D

The "Father of the Factory System" in the US was (a) Robert Fulton (b) Francis Cabot Lowell (c) Eli Whitney (d) Samuel Slater

D

The first major transportation project in the United States, which ran sixty-two miles and was completed in the 1790s, that proved to be a stimulus for western economic development was the (a) Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (b) Nation (Cumberland) Road (c) Erie Canal (d) Lancaster Turnpike

D

When German immigrants came to the U.S., they (a) dropped most of their German customs (b) missed well with other Americans (c) remained mostly in the Northeast (d) prospered with astonishing ease

D

When the Irish flocked to the United States in the 1840s, they stayed in the larger seaboard cities because they (a) had experience in urban politics (b) were offered high-paying jobs (c) were welcomed by the people living there (d) were too poor to move west and buy land

D