APUSH chapter 17
Social Darwinism
Assumptions that wealth earned thru hard work and thrift and that those who failed earned their failure became basis of this.only fittest individuals survived and flourished in the marketplace
Gospel of Wealth
Andrew Carnegie advocated idea that w/ great wealth came great responsibility to use riches to advance social progress
Knights of Labor
First effort at national labor organization. under Uriah Stephens- lacked strong central direction but local "assemblies" championed 8-hour workday, end to child labor, but also interested in long-range reform of economy. Allowed women to join
Bessemer Process
Most impt tech development was new iron + steel production techniques ___ and William Kelly invented process to turn iron to steel, possible to produce large quantities and dimensions for construction, RRs
Pullman Strike
Strike at ____ Car Company in 1894 after The company cut wages. Workers began to strike w/ the American Railway Union of Eugene V. Debs. Within few days thousands of railway workers struck and transportation nationwide frozen. General Manager's Association asked Pres Grover Cleveland to send in federal troops b/c passage of mail being blocked Pres complied and sent 2,000 troops to protect strikebreakers. Strike collapsed
Homestead Strike
The Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers (craft union in AFL) held large amt of power in steel industry b/c of reliance on skilled workers Carnegie and Henry Frick began to cut wages at ____ plant in Pittsburgh to break union. 1892 strike called after company stopped consulting the Amalgamated, Pinkerton Detective Agency security guards brought in as strikebreakers- were attacked, National Guard of PA called in iv)Eventually protected strikebreakers ended strike, by 1900 Amalgamated had lost nearly every major steel plant
Great Railroad Strike of 1877
after 10% wage cut announced. Strikers disrupted ___ service, state militia mobilized and in July President Hayes ordered some federal troops. Strike collapsed eventually after many deaths
Haymarket Riot
in Chicago violence broke out between strikers and police. anarchism" became widely feared by middle class, associated it with radical labor
Limited Liability
lost only amt of investment + not responsible for debts- allowed vast capital to be raised
America. Federation
most impt +enduring national labor group- collection of autonomous craft unions of skilled workers. Led by Samuel Gompers- goal to secure greater share of capitalism's material rewards to workers, opposed fundamental economic reform Wanted creation of national 8-hour work day
Horatio Alger
promoted stories of individual success in his works- anybody could become rich thru work, perseverance, and luck ?????
Taylorism
who argued employers subdivide tasks to decrease need for highly skilled workers, increase efficiency by doing simple tasks w/ machines ???????
