APUSH Chapter 5 Learning Curve
In 1775, what did William Pitt propose that American colonists should do in exchange for Parliament renouncing its power to tax the colonies and its recognition of the Continental Congress as a lawful body?
Acknowledge parliamentary supremacy and provide revenue
Lord Dunmore, in response to Patriots seizing authority in the House of Burgesses in Virginia, formed a military force consisting of which groups, to whom he promised freedom if they served under the British flag?
Black slaves and white indentured servants
Why did the British abandon Fort Pitt in October 1772?
Budget cuts forced the move.
How had Boston merchant John Hancock made his fortune?
By smuggling French molasses
The Tea Act of 1773 benefited which group?
East India Company
The patriotic writers on the eve of the American Revolution drew on which intellectual tradition to protest imperial reform?
English common law
What statement by Benjamin Franklin outraged the American-born royal governor of Massachusetts, Thomas Hutchinson, in 1770?
Franklin suggested that the colonies were "distinct and separate states."
Why was Patrick Henry's attack against the Stamp Act so radical?
He directly attacked George III for supporting the legislation.
How did Prime Minister George Grenville first try to address the revenue problem with the American colonies?
He proposed the Currency Act
How did chancellor of the exchequer Charles Townshend seek to undermine American political institutions in his Revenue Act of 1767?
He sought to block American influence by using parliamentary taxes to finance imperial administration in the colonies.
Why did the British secretary of state for American affairs Lord Hillsborough favor a permanent Proclamation Line to the west of the colonies?
He wanted to curtail Indian aggression.
Which statement describes Lord Dunmore, the royal governor of Virginia in the early 1770s?
He was as willing to defy the crown for his own advancement as he was likely to clash with the House of Burgesses.
Colonial opponents of the Stamp Act drew on which of the following political traditions from the Radical Whig influence in English politics?
Insistence on constitutional limitations of royal power
How did Parliament resolve the Stamp Act crisis in 1766?
It repealed the law but reaffirmed its right to enact such taxation.
Why did southern slave owners join the cause of the largely urban-led Patriot movement?
Many were deeply in debt to British merchants and, as masters of their domains, resented this financial dependence.
Which of these British colonies sent representatives to the First Continental Congress?
North Carolina NOT: Nova Scotia Quebec Florida
Where did the First Continental Congress meet in September of 1774?
Philadelphia
In Great Britain, which political faction supported American protests against the Stamp Act?
Radical Whigs
As part of his plan to address the issue of representation, Joseph Galloway, a delegate to the First Continental Congress proposed "That the several [colonial] assemblies shall [form an American union and] choose members for the grand council. . . . That the Grand Council . . . shall hold and exercise all the like rights, liberties and privileges, as are held and exercised by and in the House of Commons of Great-Britain. . . . That the said President-General and the Grand Council, be an inferior and distinct branch of the British legislature, united and incorporated with it, . . . and that the assent of both [Parliament and the Grand Council] shall be requisite to the validity of all such general acts or statutes [that affect the colonies]." Which of the following most accurately summarizes Galloway's plan?
The colonies would remain British but operate under a continental government with the power to veto parliamentary laws that affected America.
How did British politicians respond to Benjamin Franklin's argument that Americans deserved representation in Parliament before they could be taxed?
The colonists had virtual representation in Parliament.
What statement assesses the situation of the British national debt in 1763?
The issue was crucial because interest on the debt consumed much of the nation's budget
Which statement describes the decision of the Continental Congress to form an army?
The proposal to create a continental army barely passed.
According to the royal governor of Massachusetts Francis Bernard, what applied to British subjects in Britain but not to American colonists?
The right to direct representation in Parliament
Why did the Radical Whigs criticize the increased size of the British government created to enforce new tax laws in the 1760s?
They claimed that a large, expensive government placed the nation at the mercy of banks and financiers.
Why did Patriots in Concord form the Minutemen in 1774?
They feared that British troops would move to seize Patriot armories.
Why did the Virginia gentry support the demands of yeomen farmers to close the law courts in 1774?
They feared that they too might end up in court for their indebtedness.
Why did the Quebec Act anger land speculators in Virginia?
They had long planned to expand into the Ohio River Valley.
Why did the political allies of New England merchants object to the Sugar Acts?
They objected to the Sugar Act on constitutional grounds.
Why were many American colonists skeptical of the Patriot movement?
They suspected that Patriot leaders only sought to advance their own selfish interests
What was the primary purpose of the Townshend Act of 1767?
To free royal officials from financial dependence on the American legislatures
Why did the Stamp Act Congress meet?
To petition the king for repeal of the Stamp Act
What was the primary American complaint against being tried in vice-admiralty courts, as stipulated by the Sugar Act of 1764?
Trial before the courts robbed Americans of their rights to be tried before a local common-law court.
Which British political leader was the only one who openly supported a proposal made by Benjamin Franklin for American representation in Parliament?
William Pitt
The British ministry shrewdly drafted the Sugar Act of 1764 with the intention of
allowing colonial trade with the French West Indies and imposing a lower but more strictly enforced duty on French molasses.
Evangelical Protestants stirred by the religious passions of the Great Awakening joined mobs opposing the Stamp Act because they
resented the arrogance of British military officers and the corruption of royal bureaucrats.
