APUSH Chapters 1-13 Possible Test Questions

Who drafted the Albany Plan of Union? · a. Benjamin Franklin. · b. George Washington · c. William Pitt · d. Thomas Jefferson · e. John Peter Zenger

a. Benjamin Franklin

Which of the following was a characteristic of the federal government under the Articles of Confederation? · a. Congress could not levy taxes or regulate commerce. · b. Congress could amend the Articles by a two-thirds vote. · c. There were two branches of government—judicial and legislative—but no executive. · d. Congress was a two-chambered body, with a House of Delegates and a Council. · e. The more populous a state, the more votes it cast in Congress.

a. Congress could not levy taxes or regulate commerce.

The majority of the nearly 4 million immigrants that entered the United States between 1840 and 1860 were from: · a. Germany and Ireland. · b. China and Ireland. · c. England and Germany. · d. Germany and China. · e. Mexico and England.

a. Germany and Ireland.

What did Lord Dunmore do that horrified many southerners? · a. He promised freedom to slaves who joined the British cause. · b. He issued a proclamation freeing all slaves south of the Ohio River. · c. He encouraged Indians to conduct raids against backcountry settlements in the Carolinas. · d. He circulated germ-ridden blankets among frontier towns to spread disease. · e. He confiscated property of Loyalists.

a. He promised freedom to slaves who joined the British cause.

Which of the following is NOT true of the Great Awakening? · a. Its more subdued style of preaching appealed to a wider audience than the older, bombastic style employed by the Puritans. · b. It was due in part to concerns among ministers that religious devotion was in decline due to economic growth. · c. It involved several denominations, not just Congregationalists. · d. It increased social tensions because ministers criticized certain aspects of colonial society such as commercialism and slavery. · e. It was a transatlantic movement and not just an American one.

a. Its more subdued style of preaching appealed to a wider audience than the older, bombastic style employed by the Puritans.

Which one of the following statements about Spanish America is true? · a. Over time, Spanish America evolved into a hybrid culture—part Spanish, part Indian, and, in some areas, part African. · b. Mestizos enjoyed much political freedom and held most of the high government positions. · c. Spaniards outnumbered the Indian inhabitants after fifty years of settlement. · d. The Catholic Church played only a minor role in Spanish America. · e. Spanish America was very rural and had few urban centers.

a. Over time, Spanish America evolved into a hybrid culture—part Spanish, part Indian, and, in some areas, part African.

William Penn was a member of which religious group? · a. Quakers. · b. Anglicans · c. Puritans · d. Roman Catholics · e. Presbyterians

a. Quakers

What economic effect did southern slavery have on the North? · a. Southern slavery helped finance industrialization and internal improvements in the North. · b. Many northerners profited from investing in real-estate partnerships that controlled southern plantations. · c. A few New York shipping companies benefited from slavery, but the institution had little effect otherwise. · d. It was minimal, which explains why northerners opposed slavery. · e. Southern slavery drained resources from the North and helped keep the whole nation in a depression during the 1850s.

a. Southern slavery helped finance industrialization and internal improvements in the North.

According to Bartolomé de Las Casas: · a. Spain needed to institute a more humane system of Native American slavery in order to avoid offending Pope Paul III. · b. Spain had caused the deaths of millions of innocent people in the New World. · c. despite his opposition to slavery, he needed to keep his slaves so that he would have time to devote to working for abolition and emancipation. · d. slavery needed to be eliminated entirely from the Earth. · e. converting Native Americans to anything but Catholicism would lead to their death.

a. Spain had caused the deaths of millions of innocent people in the New World.

How did Spain justify enslaving Native Americans? · a. The Spanish believed that enslavement could liberate Native Americans from their backwardness and savagery and introduce them to Christian civilization. · b. Pope Alexander VI had approved Spanish slavery but banned slavery in Portuguese holdings in the New World. · c. The writings of Bartolomé de Las Casas explained that the Bible approved slavery and that therefore it was acceptable. · d. If England and France were to be defeated in the quest for empire, Spain needed to take a step they had avoided—imposing slavery upon the native population. · e. The Spanish actually never enslaved Native Americans; the charge that they did was simply part of the Black Legend spread by the English and other enemies.

a. The Spanish believed that enslavement could liberate Native Americans from their backwardness and savagery and introduce them to Christian civilization.

What was the significance of the case of Marbury v. Madison? · a. The Supreme Court asserted the power of judicial review. · b. It was John Marshall's first case as chief justice. · c. Marbury's win meant that he became the new chief justice, a post he held for twenty-one years. · d. The decision gave states important new powers to block a too-powerful federal government. · e. The Supreme Court declared that presidential power was greater than congressional power.

a. The Supreme Court asserted the power of judicial review.

Which of the following statements is true about the early history of Jamestown? · a. The death rate was extraordinarily high. · b. The first settlers were farmers and laborers who were so eager to make money that they refused to work and could not be controlled. · c. The colony's problems were due largely to its leadership: the same people remained in charge for the first two decades and refused to change their methods. · d. John Smith took the credit, but he had nothing to do with Jamestown's success. · e. The supplies from England were excellent, but the colonists wasted them.

a. The death rate was extraordinarily high.

Which of the following was true of small farmers in 1670s Virginia? · a. The lack of good land, high taxes on tobacco, and falling prices reduced their prospects. · b. Their taxes were incredibly low—the one issue with which they were pleased. · c. They had access to the best land, but a glut in the tobacco market left them in poverty. · d. They could count on the government to help them take over Native American lands and thereby expand their meager holdings. · e. The economy was doing so well that even though they made less money than large-scale planters, their problems were too small to justify their rebellion.

a. The lack of good land, high taxes on tobacco, and falling prices reduced their prospects.

Why did southern slaves live in better conditions by the mid-nineteenth century than those in the Caribbean and South America? · a. The rising value of slaves made it profitable for slave owners to take better care of them. · b. They did not; slaves led vastly healthier lives in regions other than the American South. · c. Southern slaves had a greater likelihood of becoming free than did other New World slaves. · d. Laws in the South were far more protective of slaves than were laws concerning slaves elsewhere. · e. Southern Protestant churches encouraged better treatment of southern slaves than the Roman Catholic Church did with slaves in the Caribbean and South America.

a. The rising value of slaves made it profitable for slave owners to take better care of them.

Why was slavery less prevalent in the northern colonies? · a. The small farms of the northern colonies did not need slaves. · b. It was too expensive to transport slaves to the North. · c. Northern whites were not as racist as southern whites. · d. More reformers lived in the North. · e. The northern colonies used Indian labor instead.

a. The small farms of the northern colonies did not need slaves.

Which is NOT true about the Whigs? · a. Their strongest support came from the lower Northwest and the southern backcountry. · b. The Whigs believed that a strong federal government was necessary to promote liberty. · c. They supported government promotion of the economy. · d. The Whigs united behind the American System. · e. They argued that the role of government was to promote the welfare of the people.

a. Their strongest support came from the lower Northwest and the southern backcountry.

The Seneca Falls Convention's Declaration of Sentiments: · a. condemned the entire structure of inequality between men and women. · b. inspired Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton to become abolitionists. · c. was modeled on the Bill of Rights in the U.S. Constitution. · d. was written primarily by the Grimké sisters. · e. did not demand voting rights for women because the participants were so divided on that issue.

a. condemned the entire structure of inequality between men and women.

Puritans viewed individual and personal freedom as: · a. dangerous to social harmony and community stability. · b. good, because Massachusetts Bay leaders welcomed debate over religion. · c. vital, because they had been discouraged from enjoying these back in England. · d. important, but they banned neighbors from reporting on one another, because that would breed division that could harm the community. · e. dangerous to the individual but good for the community.

a. dangerous to social harmony and community stability.

Adam Smith recorded in 1776 that the "two greatest and most important" events in the history of mankind were the: · a. discovery of America and the Portuguese sea route around Africa to Asia. · b. discovery of America and the beginning of the slave trade. · c. birth of mercantilism and the Portuguese sea route around Africa to Asia. · d. beginning of the slave trade and the Portuguese sea route around Africa to Asia. · e. discovery of America and the birth of mercantilism.

a. discovery of America and the Portuguese sea route around Africa to Asia

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787: · a. established the policy to admit the area's population as equal members of the political system. · b. was the first step in Alexander Hamilton's plan for economic growth. · c. abolished the Articles of Confederation and called for a second Constitutional Convention. · d. declared all Indian land to be the possession of the U.S. government. · e. regulated western land sales through a policy that was amicable to the Indians.

a. established the policy to admit the area's population as equal members of the political system.

Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys: · a. fought intrusions by New York landlords into what became Vermont. · b. put down the revolt of the Regulators in North Carolina. · c. started the colony of New Hampshire. · d. were spies working for the Sons of Liberty. · e. forced the British army to retreat at Concord.

a. fought intrusions by New York landlords into what became Vermont.

Before the arrival of Columbus, Native North Americans: · a. had elaborate trade networks. · b. were entirely agricultural and rural. · c. across the continent were very similar in their political and religious beliefs. · d. always lived in small family units. · e. lived only in coastal areas.

a. had elaborate trade networks.

Anne Hutchinson: · a. opposed Puritan ministers who distinguished saints from the damned through church attendance and moral behavior rather than through focusing on an inner state of grace. · b. angered Puritan authorities by supporting the claims of Roger Williams. · c. engaged in Antinomianism, a sexual practice that the Puritans considered threatening to traditional gender relations. · d. would have been left alone if she had not also run for a seat in the General Court. · e. was no threat to the Puritan establishment because women were so clearly considered inferior.

a. opposed Puritan ministers who distinguished saints from the damned through church attendance and moral behavior rather than through focusing on an inner state of grace.

The gag rule: · a. prevented Congress from hearing antislavery petitions. · b. prevented Congregational ministers from preaching against Catholics. · c. stated that newspapers could not print antislavery materials. · d. denied women the right to speak in mixed-sex public gatherings. · e. was adopted at the Seneca Falls Convention to symbolize that women did not have a voice in politics.

a. prevented Congress from hearing antislavery petitions.

The land involved in the Louisiana Purchase: · a. stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada and from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains. · b. had been claimed by France from the 1600s until the United States acquired it. · c. was considered by Jefferson to be practically worthless, yet he did not want it to fall into British hands. · d. included all of what is now Texas and the American Southwest. · e. consisted only of what is today the state of Louisiana and the southern half of Arkansas.

a. stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada and from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains.

The first industry to be shaped by the large factory system was: · a. textiles. · b. ironworks. · c. pottery. · d. guns. · e. shoemaking.

a. textiles.

Which international partner did Alexander Hamilton think most important for the survival and prosperity of the United States? · a. the British. · b. the West Indians · c. the Spanish · d. the Indians · e. the French

a. the British.

Which of the following was responsible for the first large-scale American factory, which was built in Massachusetts? · a. the cutoff of British imports because of the Embargo of 1807 and the War of 1812. · b. Henry Clay, whose sponsorship of a protective tariff made the factory economically viable · c. Samuel F. B. Morse, who became better known for inventing the telegraph · d. the American victory in the War of 1812, which made the United States economically dominant in the Atlantic world · e. Cyrus McCormick, who built it to produce his reaper

a. the cutoff of British imports because of the Embargo of 1807 and the War of 1812.

Bacon's Rebellion contributed to which of the following in Virginia? · a. the replacing of indentured servants with African slaves on Virginia's plantations · b. changes in the political style of Virginia's powerful large-scale planters, who adopted a get-tough policy with small farmers and hired their own militia to enforce their will · c. generous payments to Native Americans to encourage them to give up their lands to white farmers · d. an order from Governor Berkeley that Native Americans could serve in the militia · e. a large and sustained increase in the importation of indentured servants

a. the replacing of indentured servants with African slaves on Virginia's plantations

When Europeans arrived, many Native Americans: · a. tried to use them to enhance their standing with other Native Americans. · b. immediately opened treaty negotiations. · c. learned their languages. · d. hid in nearby cave dwellings. · e. simply attacked them.

a. tried to use them to enhance their standing with other Native Americans

In contrast to life in the Chesapeake region, life in New England: · a. was more family-oriented. · b. was not as deeply religious. · c. centered on an economy based on one cash crop. · d. did not involve class-based hierarchies. · e. allowed for equal legal rights for women and men.

a. was more family-oriented.

Most seventeenth-century migrants to North America from England: · a. were lower-class men. · b. were single, middle-class men. · c. had been released from debtors' prisons. · d. arrived with other members of their families. · e. sought to escape the Black Death then ravaging England.

a. were lower-class men.

The national political parties of the second American party system were: · a. Democrats and Federalists. · b. Democrats and Whigs. · c. Republicans and Whigs. · d. Republicans and Democrats. · e. Whigs and Know-Nothings

b. Democrats and Whigs.

How did the market revolution affect the lives of artisans? · a. Most artisans became factory owners and prospered as never before. · b. Gathered in factories, they faced constant supervision and the breakdown of craftsmanship into specialized tasks. · c. Their lives changed little, because the economy allowed for plenty of room for specialized craftsmen. · d. They began working in factories, which they preferred to enduring years of apprenticeship under the old system. · e. New competition created opportunities for the specialized skills of artisans, so their numbers expanded.

b. Gathered in factories, they faced constant supervision and the breakdown of craftsmanship into specialized tasks.

Pueblo Indians lived in what is now: · a. the eastern United States. · b. the southwestern United States. · c. Mexico. · d. the northeastern United States. · e. Central America.

b. the southwestern United States

Which of the following is true of the Whiskey Rebellion of 1794? · a. The Rebellion demonstrated that North-South divisions over slavery could turn violent. · b. It was the only time in U.S. history that the president commanded an army in the field. · c. It represented the first major challenge to the administration of President John Adams. · d. The "rebels" largely blamed the Republican Party for their troubles. · e. The Rebellion ended after a battle in which the "rebel" leader, Rufus King, was killed.

b. It was the only time in U.S. history that the president commanded an army in the field.

In approximately 7000 BCE, agriculture developed in the Americas in: · a. the Mississippi Valley. · b. Mexico and Peru. · c. the Yucatan Peninsula. · d. Chesapeake Bay. · e. Brazil.

b. Mexico and Peru

How did Pennsylvania display the Revolutionary War's radical potential? · a. Benjamin Franklin's departure for France left control of the state up for grabs, and the lower classes took over. · b. Philadelphia's artisan and lower-class communities took control and put a new emphasis on freedom and on more democratic politics. · c. Just through the population retaining the old style of government, they demonstrated that major change was possible without uprooting the whole system. · d. The Second Continental Congress had to take over the state when the people voted to abolish the position of governor, thereby showing how the new nation's power dynamic would differ greatly from the old system. · e. The prewar elite had supported independence, then tried to negotiate with Great Britain, costing themselves the respect of the lower classes, who took power from them.

b. Philadelphia's artisan and lower-class communities took control and put a new emphasis on freedom and on more democratic politics.

Which European country dominated international commerce in the early seventeenth century? · a. France · b. The Netherlands. · c. Britain · d. Spain · e. Portugal

b. The Netherlands

How did the War for Independence affect anti-Catholicism in America? · a. Spain's wartime aid to Britain led Georgian colonists to attack Catholic missions in Florida. · b. The alliance with France, a predominantly Catholic country, helped diminish American anti-Catholicism. · c. Independence led the states to impose anti-Catholic laws that they had been unable to adopt when they were under British control. · d. Anti-Catholicism increased when Quebec Catholics volunteered in large numbers for the British army. · e. Because Americans resented Catholic France negotiating a separate peace with Great Britain, anti-Catholicism became more prevalent.

b. The alliance with France, a predominantly Catholic country, helped diminish American anti-Catholicism.

Why did apprenticeship and indentured servitude decline after the Revolution? · a. King George III had supported them, and anything associated with the king was unpopular in the United States. · b. The lack of freedom inherent in apprenticeship and indentured servitude struck growing numbers of Americans as incompatible with republican citizenship. · c. Northerners were outlawing slavery in their state constitutions and began to eliminate apprenticeship and indentured servitude as well amid southern charges of hypocrisy. · d. Many apprentices and indentures had refused to fight in the Revolution, and their bosses, resenting them for it, got rid of them. · e. Thomas Paine's criticism of them in Common Sense greatly influenced the many who had read his pamphlet.

b. The lack of freedom inherent in apprenticeship and indentured servitude struck growing numbers of Americans as incompatible with republican citizenship.

Why did the accusations of witchcraft in Salem suddenly snowball in 1692? · a. They did not; actually, the number of accusations was average and Salem was highly overrated as a place for charges of witchcraft. · b. The only way to avoid prosecution was to confess and name others. · c. The colonial capital had just been moved to Salem, upsetting the normally staid town. · d. All of the accused were children, and Puritans were determined to force their young to accept their religious traditions or face death. · e. When Tituba testified, the issue became racial and divided the town.

b. The only way to avoid prosecution was to confess and name others.

Which of the following was true of the colonial elite? · a. They often encountered financial trouble because they lacked connections to their counterparts back in the mother country. · b. They controlled colonial government. · c. Most of them were as wealthy as, if not wealthier than, the British aristocracy. · d. As with the mother country, the colonies had a titled aristocracy. · e. All of them were careful to marry outside of their families.

b. They controlled colonial government.

The first English Navigation Act, adopted during the rule of Oliver Cromwell: · a. freed England's North American colonies from economic regulations (in order to stimulate prosperity). · b. aimed to wrest control of world trade from the Dutch. · c. added New Netherland to the British empire. · d. authorized several map-making expeditions to the New World. · e. required the Royal Navy to use only Protestant navigators on its ships.

b. aimed to wrest control of world trade from the Dutch.

Squatters: · a. set the dynamite as part of railroad construction crews. · b. set up farms on unoccupied land. · c. strung telegraph lines between poles. · d. were corporate charters issued by states as contracts. · e. is a derogatory name for the girls who worked in the mill factories.

b. set up farms on unoccupied land.

Angelina and Sarah Grimké: · a. publicly defended the virtues of southern paternalism in lectures to southern women. · b. critiqued the prevailing notion of separate spheres for men and women. · c. were Pennsylvania-born Quakers whose religion compelled them to oppose slavery. · d. delivered many public lectures in which they detailed their escape from slavery. · e. supported Catherine Beecher's efforts to expand political and social rights for women.

b. critiqued the prevailing notion of separate spheres for men and women.

The Monroe Doctrine: · a. was the idea that all white men should have voting rights. · b. declared the Americas off-limits for further European colonization. · c. stated that the United States would be neutral in all international conflicts. · d. secured Florida from Spain. · e. settled the nullification crisis favorably for South Carolina.

b. declared the Americas off-limits for further European colonization.

The Boston Massacre occurred when British soldiers: · a. captured members of the Sons of Liberty involved in the Boston Tea Party. · b. fired into a mob and killed a number of Boston residents. · c. killed Indians who were raiding frontier towns. · d. fired on local minutemen guarding an arsenal. · e. tried to defend Thomas Hutchinson from an angry mob.

b. fired into a mob and killed a number of Boston residents.

Southern farmers in the backcountry: · a. were fortunate that their land was far better for farming than that owned by planters. · b. generally worked the land using family labor. · c. were highly self-sufficient but still bought most of their supplies from stores. · d. owned a substantial number of slaves. · e. were all directly involved in the market economy from the start of the nineteenth century.

b. generally worked the land using family labor.

When Roger Williams established the colony of Rhode Island: · a. he required voters there to be members of a Puritan church. · b. he made sure that it was more democratic than Massachusetts Bay. · c. he felt that too much democracy would be bad because it might interfere with religious freedom. · d. the colony became a haven for Protestants of all kinds, but it banned Jews. · e. the king refused to give it a charter, and it remained a renegade colony until Williams died.

b. he made sure that it was more democratic than Massachusetts Bay.

Tobacco plantations in the Chesapeake region: · a. were far less successful than tobacco plantations that developed in the lower southern colonies. · b. helped make the Chesapeake colonies models of mercantilism. · c. were so profitable that by the mid-eighteenth century their owners became the wealthiest people in British North America. · d. were known throughout the world as models of how slaves should be treated. · e. did not have any slaves on small farms.

b. helped make the Chesapeake colonies models of mercantilism.

The Stamp Act created such a stir in the colonies because: · a. it raised prices on printed products so much that most colonists no longer could afford to buy books and newspapers. · b. it was the first direct tax Parliament imposed on the colonies. · c. Benjamin Franklin went public with his opposition to it. · d. lawyers were offended that they could be jailed for not using the correct stamp on legal documents. · e. none of the revenue raised would be spent within the colonies themselves.

b. it was the first direct tax Parliament imposed on the colonies.

The Sedition Act of 1798: · a. was declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court two years later. · b. led Jefferson to argue that states, not the federal government, could punish seditious speech. · c. led to the jailing of Federalist editors. · d. targeted recent arrivals to the United States. · e. was more stringent and oppressive than similar laws in Europe.

b. led Jefferson to argue that states, not the federal government, could punish seditious speech.

Women who worked at the Lowell mills: · a. commuted daily to work from their family farms. · b. lived in closely supervised boardinghouses. · c. quickly organized a union to strike for higher wages. · d. held management positions. · e. never had time to make friends.

b. lived in closely supervised boardinghouses.

The internal slave trade in the United States involved the movement of hundreds of thousands of enslaved persons from: · a. the West Indies to the Mississippi River Valley. · b. older states like Virginia to the Lower South. · c. the lower Mississippi River Valley to the upper Mississippi River Valley. · d. Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi to Kentucky, Virginia, and Maryland. · e. the Lower South to the Upper South.

b. older states like Virginia to the Lower South.

In order to encourage virtue in future citizens, Thomas Jefferson and John Adams: · a. wanted church attendance to be mandatory. · b. proposed free public education. · c. asked for the Declaration of Independence to be read every month at the town square. · d. wanted a second revolution. · e. proposed that ministers become teachers in public schools.

b. proposed free public education.

The repartimiento system established by the Spanish in the mid-1500s: · a. officially designated Indians in New Spain as slaves of European colonists. · b. recognized Indians as free but required them to perform a fixed amount of labor. · c. gave voting rights in local assemblies to mestizos but not to peninsulares. · d. required all Indians to convert to Catholicism or face execution. · e. set up a system of local courts of law that proved essential to Spanish rule in Peru.

b. recognized Indians as free but required them to perform a fixed amount of labor.

In its decision in McCulloch v. Maryland, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that: · a. states could nullify federal laws with congressional permission. · b. the Second Bank of the United States was constitutional. · c. Catholics could not be barred from political office. · d. the Indians were not allowed to sue the federal government. · e. the American System was unconstitutional.

b. the Second Bank of the United States was constitutional.

Which of the following was NOT a reform movement in which women played a prominent role during the early to mid-nineteenth century? · a. mental health treatment · b. the anti-Mexican-War movement · c. abolitionism · d. temperance · e. redemption of prostitutes

b. the anti-Mexican-War movement

According to the economic theory known as mercantilism: · a. colonies existed as a place for the mother country to send raw materials to be turned into manufactured goods. · b. merchants should control the government because they contributed more than others to national wealth. · c. England wanted the right to sell goods in France, but only to non-Catholic buyers. · d. the government should encourage manufacturing and commerce by keeping its hands off of the economy. · e. the government should regulate economic activity so as to promote national power.

b. the government should regulate economic activity so as to promote national power.

The Columbian Exchange was: · a. the agreement that documented what Christopher Columbus would give to Spanish leaders in return for their sponsorship of his travel to the New World. · b. the transatlantic flow of plants, animals, and germs that began after Christopher Columbus reached the New World. · c. John Cabot's exploration of the New World, which brought more of the goods that Columbus had found back to the Old World. · d. responsible for introducing corn, tomatoes, and potatoes to the Americas. · e. the first store in the New World, named for the man who founded it.

b. the transatlantic flow of plants, animals, and germs that began after Christopher Columbus reached the New World.

The term "Era of Good Feelings" refers to the period of American history when: · a. the Federalist Party was at its strongest. · b. there seemed to be political harmony during the Monroe administration. · c. Democrats and Whigs cooperated to solve the nation's financial crisis. · d. slavery was gradually abolished in all the states. · e. Americans united across party lines to declare war on Great Britain in the War of 1812.

b. there seemed to be political harmony during the Monroe administration.

The first center of the Spanish empire in America: · a. was a prosperous settlement that Columbus created. · b. was the island of Hispaniola. · c. fell to Dutch raiders in 1506. · d. resulted from Columbus's last voyage to the New World in 1502. · e. was Cuba.

b. was the island of Hispaniola.

The first French explorations of the New World: · a. brought great riches to France. · b. were intended to locate the Northwest Passage. · c. led to successful colonies in Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. · d. were in response to an intense rivalry with the Netherlands. · e. created no permanent settlements until the eighteenth century.

b. were intended to locate the Northwest Passage.

Most of the states that joined the Union in the six years immediately following the War of 1812 were located: · a. south of the Mason-Dixon Line. · b. west of the Mississippi River. · c. in the Louisiana Purchase territory. · d. in the Old Northwest. · e. west of the Appalachian Mountains.

b. west of the Mississippi River.

Why did colonists object to the Tea Act? · a. The British East India Company made inferior tea, and colonists preferred not to drink it. · b. It raised the tax on tea so much as to make tea prohibitively expensive. · c. By paying it, they would be acknowledging Great Britain's right to tax the colonists. · d. It granted a monopoly, and the colonists opposed all forms of monopoly. · e. Because it would aid a different part of the empire than their own, colonists felt that this was the kind of discriminatory action that violated the concept of liberty.

c. By paying it, they would be acknowledging Great Britain's right to tax the colonists.

Members of which of the following groups were generally opposed to the temperance movement? · a. women · b. Protestants · c. Catholics. · d. perfectionists · e. northern middle class

c. Catholics.

How did colonial politics compare with British politics? · a. Colonial politics proved far more corrupt until the Licentiousness Act of 1694. · b. British politics were far more democratic, befitting the British belief in liberty and the number of proprietary and royal colonies. · c. Colonists tended to agree with the British that owning property was related to having the right to vote. · d. Elections throughout the colonies were more hotly contested than British ones, with many different candidates and parties represented on the ballot. · e. Most colonies, unlike Britain, at least allowed propertied women to vote.

c. Colonists tended to agree with the British that owning property was related to having the right to vote.

The relationship between the national government and the states is called: · a. the separation of powers. · b. the New Jersey Plan. · c. Federalism. · d. the Virginia Plan. · e. the Constitution.

c. Federalism.

A key consequence of the Battle of Saratoga in October 1777 was: · a. the adoption of the Declaration of Independence by the Continental Congress. · b. General Washington's decision to retreat to Valley Forge for the winter. · c. France became an ally to the United States. · d. British commanders taking the war into the heart of New England for the first time. · e. the immediate surrender of all British troops to the Continental army.

c. France became an ally to the United States.

In what way was Puritan church membership a restrictive status? · a. Only those who could prove they had received formal education could be members, because the ability to read and discuss sermons was so highly valued. · b. Although all adult male property owners elected colonial officials, only men who were full church members could vote in local elections. · c. Full membership required demonstrating that one had experienced divine grace. · d. Only property owners could be full members of the church. · e. Full membership required that one's parents and grandparents had been church members.

c. Full membership required demonstrating that one had experienced divine grace.

Which of the following is true of the Virginia Plan? · a. It was strongly opposed by the larger, more populated states. · b. James Madison opposed it, but the other delegates from Virginia supported it. · c. It proposed a two-house legislature, with population determining representation in each house. · d. It called for each state to have one vote in Congress. · e. It proposed a one-house legislature, with population determining representation.

c. It proposed a two-house legislature, with population determining representation in each house.

What was unusual about the Embargo Act of 1807? · a. It was in response to a British embargo imposed after a British ship sank an American ship—an odd set of circumstances, to say the least. · b. It would hurt France more than Great Britain, and Jefferson was ardently pro-French. · c. It stopped all American vessels from sailing to foreign ports—an amazing use of federal power, especially by a president supposedly dedicated to a weak central government. · d. It persuaded the British to agree to American terms, even though Great Britain had not been a target of the Embargo Act. · e. The Republican majority in Congress passed it and Jefferson vetoed it, but he was overridden for the only time in his presidency.

c. It stopped all American vessels from sailing to foreign ports—an amazing use of federal power, especially by a president supposedly dedicated to a weak central government.

Europeans tended to think which one of the following about Native Americans and their cultures? · a. All Native Americans were gentle and friendly. · b. Native Americans worshiped the same God that Europeans did, although they called him by different names. · c. Native Americans failed to make use of the land, so it was acceptable for Europeans to take it and use it. · d. Because Native American men engaged in masculine pursuits such as hunting and fishing, Indian gender divisions were acceptable. · e. Native American cultures were actually superior to those of Europeans.

c. Native Americans failed to make use of the land, so it was acceptable for Europeans to take it and use it.

Which of the following is a true statement relative to the Upper South and the Deep South? · a. Neither the Upper South nor the Deep South had major industrial centers. · b. Committed to slavery, all states in both the Upper South and Deep South seceded from the Union. · c. Several Upper South states did not join the Confederacy at the time of the Civil War. · d. The Upper South was less economically diversified than the Deep South. · e. Richmond, Virginia, is considered to be the heart of the Deep South.

c. Several Upper South states did not join the Confederacy at the time of the Civil War.

The Black Legend described: · a. the Aztecs' view of Cortés. · b. English pirates along the African coast. · c. Spain as a uniquely brutal colonizer. · d. Portugal as a vast trading empire. · e. Indians as savages.

c. Spain as a uniquely brutal colonizer.

The eighty-five essays written in support of ratification of the Constitution are called: · a. the Articles of Confederation. · b. The History of the American Revolution. · c. The Federalist. · d. "Agrippa." · e. Wealth of Nations.

c. The Federalist.

Which statement about Revolutionary Pennsylvania is FALSE? · a. The radical leadership attacked property qualifications for voting. · b. The radical leadership that emerged included Thomas Paine and Benjamin Rush. · c. The state's new constitution gave only limited power to the state's governor. · d. Its new constitution centralized political power in a one-house legislature. · e. Nearly all of its prewar elites opposed independence.

c. The state's new constitution gave only limited power to the state's governor.

What role did Native Americans play in the Revolutionary War? · a. They all allied themselves with the British, who promised to protect them against American encroachment. · b. Most tribes officially maintained neutrality but secretly aided one side or the other. · c. They divided in allegiance, just as white Americans did. · d. They all allied themselves with the Americans, since the British had failed to protect them against American encroachment. · e. They volunteered to fight in the Continental army, but George Washington rejected them.

c. They divided in allegiance, just as white Americans did.

Which statement about Shakers is FALSE? · a. They abandoned private property and traditional family life. · b. Their numbers grew through conversions and the adoption of orphans. · c. They practiced "complex marriage" and publicly recorded sexual relations. · d. They believed that men and women were spiritually equal. · e. They bred cattle for profit and made furniture.

c. They practiced "complex marriage" and publicly recorded sexual relations.

Which statement about gender relations is FALSE for most Native American societies? · a. Men and women engaged in premarital sex. · b. It was acceptable for a woman to seek a divorce. · c. Tribal leaders were almost always women. · d. Women owned dwellings and tools. · e. Societies were matrilineal.

c. Tribal leaders were almost always women.

Which of the following was NOT part of Alexander Hamilton's financial program? · a. a tax on whiskey producers as a means of raising revenue · b. the Bank of the United States, modeled on the Bank of England · c. a national capital city with experimental manufacturing. · d. taxes and subsidies to promote American manufacturing · e. creating a new national debt, thereby giving bondholders a stake in the nation's future

c. a national capital city with experimental manufacturing.

Which of the following fits the description of a person most likely to have been accused of witchcraft in seventeenth-century New England? · a. a married woman who normally was subservient to her husband and the community, which made her behavior seem all the more bizarre · b. a married woman who had just lost a child · c. a woman beyond childbearing age who was outspoken, economically independent, or estranged from her husband. · d. a widow who presumably was too lonely or too dependent on the community to be taken seriously, but who had to be tried and convicted to keep others from thinking similarly · e. a single young woman whose attractiveness meant that some saw her as a threat to Puritan values

c. a woman beyond childbearing age who was outspoken, economically independent, or estranged from her husband.

In order to deal with a wartime economic crisis in 1779, Congress urged states to: · a. seek loans from friendly European governments. · b. raise taxes on the wealthy. · c. adopt measures to fix wages and prices. · d. allow the free market to operate without regulation. · e. establish food banks to distribute food to the needy.

c. adopt measures to fix wages and prices.

Thomas Paine's Common Sense: · a. sold well among the elite, who in turn were able to convey its ideas to the lower classes. · b. argued that the British governmental system was perfectly good, but that current officials had corrupted it. · c. argued that America would become the home of freedom and "an asylum for mankind.". · d. led to his arrest on charges of treason, but he saved himself by writing another pamphlet taking the opposite position. · e. made highly original arguments in favor of independence.

c. argued that America would become the home of freedom and "an asylum for mankind.".

By the late 1830s, the South's proslavery argument: · a. was based entirely on secular evidence. · b. rested on the premise that slavery was a necessary evil. · c. claimed that slavery was essential to human economic and cultural progress. · d. was roundly criticized by southern newspaper editors, ministers, and academics. · e. had not yet been accepted by major southern political figures.

c. claimed that slavery was essential to human economic and cultural progress.

French Canada: · a. was a very democratic colony. · b. was founded by Jesuit priests who were working as fur traders as a way to meet and convert Native Americans. · c. consisted mainly of male colonists. · d. had, by 1700, twice as many colonists as all the English North American colonies combined. · e. gave the French a world monopoly on fur production.

c. consisted mainly of male colonists.

Most of the text of the Declaration of Independence: · a. specifically attacks the idea that Parliament has a right to enact any laws for the colonies. · b. is an updated version of John Locke's classic, The Rights of Man. · c. consists of a list of grievances against King George III. · d. was originally drafted by Benjamin Franklin and then brilliantly edited by Thomas Jefferson. · e. is an irrefutable argument for the notion of virtual representation.

c. consists of a list of grievances against King George III.

In the wake of the War of 1812, younger Republicans like Henry Clay and John Calhoun: · a. believed in the need for national economic development, but thought that the federal government should stay out of it and let the states do it. · b. demanded that the United States scale back its international involvement and depend exclusively on agriculture for its prosperity. · c. continued to support agrarianism, but believed that the nation's economic independence required a manufacturing sector. · d. decided that Jeffersonianism was hopelessly out of date when President James Madison opposed their efforts, and they decided to form their own political party. · e. threw their support to Andrew Jackson because they realized that their plans were too grandiose to win popular support without a hero as their standard-bearer.

c. continued to support agrarianism, but believed that the nation's economic independence required a manufacturing sector.

The Quebec Act: · a. removed the Ohio River Valley from the province of Quebec. · b. placed a tax on all imported goods from Canada. · c. granted religious toleration to Catholics in Canada. · d. called for Canada to join America in the struggle for independence. · e. created Quebec out of the preexisting provinces of Ontario and New Brunswick.

c. granted religious toleration to Catholics in Canada.

The government of the Spanish empire in America: · a. established the principle of the separation of church and state by keeping the Catholic Church out of civic affairs. · b. was dominated by the conquistadores, who had conquered lands and retained control over them. · c. included local officials who held a great deal of control. · d. was troubled due to constant turmoil and local divisions back in Spain. · e. operated out of Monterey, California.

c. included local officials who held a great deal of control.

Both the Aztec and Inca empires were: · a. rural and poor. · b. small in population, but sophisticated in infrastructure. · c. large, wealthy, and sophisticated. · d. large in geographic size, but sparsely populated. · e. rural, with few impressive buildings.

c. large, wealthy, and sophisticated.

New France was characterized by: · a. severe conflict between French settlers and the Indians. · b. a well-defined line between Indian society and French society. · c. more peaceful European-Indian relations than existed in New Spain. · d. a Protestant missionary zeal to convert the Indians. · e. its lack of devastating epidemics.

c. more peaceful European-Indian relations than existed in New Spain.

To qualify as a member of the planter class, a person had to be engaged in southern agriculture and: · a. live in a large mansion. · b. grow specifically cotton or sugarcane. · c. own at least twenty slaves. · d. own at least fifty slaves. · e. own at least ten slaves.

c. own at least twenty slaves.

In the Chesapeake region, slavery: · a. was geographically restricted to the Tidewater area until transportation improved in the nineteenth century. · b. allowed planters to make vast profits from cotton and rice as well as from tobacco. · c. rapidly became the dominant labor system after 1680. · d. was so widely practiced that nearly three-fifths of white households in 1770 included a slave owner. · e. was the labor system preferred by planters as early as the 1620s.

c. rapidly became the dominant labor system after 1680.

The Townshend Acts did all of the following EXCEPT: · a. impose new import duties on glass and tea. · b. encourage some colonies to boycott British goods. · c. reaffirm Boston's decision to abide by the Quartering Act. · d. create a Board of Customs Commissioners to catch smugglers. · e. raise revenue to pay the salaries of American governors and judges.

c. reaffirm Boston's decision to abide by the Quartering Act.

In the South, the paternalist ethos: · a. declined after the War of 1812, as southern society became more centered on market relations rather than on personal relations. · b. brought southern society closer to northern ideals. · c. reflected the hierarchical society in which the planter took responsibility for the lives of those around him. · d. suffered because southern slaveholders lived among their slaves, so that the groups' constant exposure to each other made southern slavery more openly violent than elsewhere. · e. encouraged southern women to become more active and better educated so that they could help their husbands in their paternal roles.

c. reflected the hierarchical society in which the planter took responsibility for the lives of those around him.

What was William Penn's most fundamental principle? · a. communally owned property · b. voting rights for all adult men · c. religious freedom. · d. economic liberty · e. support for women's suffrage

c. religious freedom

Which major event first led the British government to seek ways to make the colonies bear part of the cost of the empire? · a. the Declaration of Independence · b. the appointment of William Pitt as British prime minister · c. the Seven Years' War. · d. the Boston Tea Party · e. King Philip's War

c. the Seven Years' War.

Shays's Rebellion was significant because it demonstrated: · a. that land distribution policies were out of date. · b. the chaotic nature of Indian policy after the Battle of Fallen Timbers. · c. the need for a stronger central government. · d. that Congress's attempts to pass pro-debtor laws were unpopular with farmers. · e. that controversies over the emancipation of slaves could turn violent.

c. the need for a stronger central government.

Under the Missouri Compromise of 1820: · a. slave states gained a two-seat advantage in the U.S. Senate. · b. Ohio became a free state to balance the admission of Missouri as a slave state. · c. the remaining Louisiana Purchase territory was divided into slave and free zones. · d. Missouri agreed to gradual emancipation of slavery in exchange for admission to the Union. · e. Congress banned slavery in any new territory that might ever be added to the United States.

c. the remaining Louisiana Purchase territory was divided into slave and free zones.

By the 1830s, the term "citizen" in America had become synonymous with the right to: · a. own property. · b. own slaves. · c. vote. · d. accumulate wealth. · e. publicly criticize the government.

c. vote.

The New Jersey Plan: · a. called for a radical departure from the Articles of Confederation in every way. · b. found its greatest support from the Pennsylvania and Massachusetts delegations. · c. was mainly supported by the smaller, less populated states. · d. was a thinly disguised attempt to resurrect monarchy in America. · e. contained a gradual emancipation requirement that proved quite controversial.

c. was mainly supported by the smaller, less populated states.

Intermarriage between English colonists and Native Americans in Virginia: · a. created a mixed race of Native Americans who often wound up enslaved. · b. was common. · c. was very rare before being outlawed by the Virginia legislature in 1691. · d. produced a member of a British royal family who became an Indian chief. · e. began with the wedding of John Smith and Pocahontas.

c. was very rare before being outlawed by the Virginia legislature in 1691.

According to John O'Sullivan, the "manifest destiny" of the United States to occupy North America could be traced to: · a. the Treaty of Paris of 1783. · b. the Bible. · c. the Adams-Onis Treaty. · d. a divine mission. · e. federal treaties with Indian nations.

d. a divine mission.

Which of the following was NOT a technique that Spanish conquistadors used to conquer Native American empires? · a. Kidnapping a leader and holding him for ransom. · b. Dividing and conquering them by taking advantage of old rivalries. · c. Relying upon the spread of diseases, even though they may not have been introduced intentionally. · d. Negotiating treaties. · e. Using their superior military technology.

d. Negotiating treaties.

The Erie Canal gave which city primacy over competing ports in accessing trade with the Northwest? · a. Chicago · b. Baltimore · c. Boston · d. New York. · e. Philadelphia

d. New York.

In the 1650s, who pushed England toward a policy of expanding territory and commercialism? · a. James I · b. Charles I · c. Charles II · d. Oliver Cromwell. · e. John Smith

d. Oliver Cromwell

Which problem with cotton did Eli Whitney solve by inventing the cotton gin? · a. Whitney figured out how to remove the cotton-destroying boll weevil and thereby save the cotton crop. · b. The production of southern whiskey required the use of cotton in purifying the liquor, but the cotton absorbed too much liquid; Whitney's machine changed that. · c. Processing cotton required too many different pieces of equipment, but Whitney figured out how to change the equipment more easily and quickly, saving time and money. · d. Removing seeds from the cotton was a slow and painstaking task, but Whitney made it much easier and less labor-intensive. · e. Planting the cotton took too many hours to make its growth very profitable, but Whitney enabled planters to use a machine to speed the planting.

d. Removing seeds from the cotton was a slow and painstaking task, but Whitney made it much easier and less labor-intensive.

Which one of the following statements is NOT true of the slave trade in the eighteenth-century Atlantic world? · a. Slaves were bought and sold in the Atlantic world as part of a series of trading routes that also involved British manufactured goods and colonial products such as tobacco and sugar. · b. The Atlantic slave trade was a vital part of world commerce in the 1700s. · c. Many slaves died of diseases on board slave ships during the Middle Passage. · d. Slightly more than half of slaves from Africa were taken to mainland North America (what became the United States). · e. Even those in areas where slavery was only a minor institution, such as Massachusetts and Rhode Island, profited from the slave trade.

d. Slightly more than half of slaves from Africa were taken to mainland North America (what became the United States).

Which of the following was NOT a way in which westward movement affected the South? · a. The plantation economy expanded beyond the coastal regions. · b. Transportation and banking remained adjuncts of the plantation system. · c. It led to the increased breaking up of slave families and communities. · d. The South had to develop a highly effective railroad system to transport goods from west to east. · e. The South's agrarian, slave-based social order reproduced itself as settlers went west.

d. The South had to develop a highly effective railroad system to transport goods from west to east.

What contribution did the Stamp Act episode make to the colonists' concept of liberty? · a. The elite became more aware of liberty, but the lower classes remained unconcerned, choosing instead just to follow leaders who encouraged them to riot. · b. It led the Stamp Act Congress to adopt the Declaratory Act, which defined American liberties. · c. Requiring everyone freed from jail to wear a stamp reminded colonists that they were prisoners of the British empire. · d. The Stamp Act Congress insisted that the right to consent to taxation was essential to people's freedom. · e. It convinced colonists that revolting against Great Britain was the only way to secure their liberties.

d. The Stamp Act Congress insisted that the right to consent to taxation was essential to people's freedom.

How did the abolitionist movement that arose in the 1830s differ from earlier antislavery efforts? · a. The later movement banned participation by African-Americans, because they feared that their involvement would cause a backlash. · b. Earlier opponents of slavery had called for immediate emancipation, but the later group devised a plan for gradual emancipation that won broader support. · c. Actually, the two movements were quite similar in every way; the later one was simply more well-known because more people were literate by the 1830s. · d. The later movement drew much more on the religious conviction that slavery was an unparalleled sin and needed to be destroyed immediately. · e. The movement of the 1830s introduced the idea of colonizing freed slaves outside the United States, which proved immensely popular with southern whites.

d. The later movement drew much more on the religious conviction that slavery was an unparalleled sin and needed to be destroyed immediately.

Which of the following contributed to the poor American performance in the War of 1812? · a. The United States fought a two-front war: against the British in Canada and against the Spanish in Florida. · b. Because Jefferson had dismantled the entire U.S. navy, Madison found himself without any ability to fight at sea. · c. The renewal of the charter of the Bank of the United States in 1811 prompted other banks to refuse to help the government to fund the war. · d. The nation was deeply divided about whether to go to war. · e. The war in Europe had ended before the War of 1812 began, and the British were able to pay more attention to the war.

d. The nation was deeply divided about whether to go to war.

How did most Puritans view the separation of church and state? · a. They had never even heard of the concept. · b. They invented the concept but refused to indulge in it. · c. They were so determined to keep them apart that they banned ministers from holding office, fearing that they would enact pro-religious legislation. · d. They allowed church and state to be interconnected by requiring each town to establish a church and levy a tax to support the minister. · e. The Massachusetts Bay Colony endorsed the Puritan faith but allowed anyone the freedom to practice or not practice religion.

d. They allowed church and state to be interconnected by requiring each town to establish a church and levy a tax to support the minister.

Why did the founding fathers create the electoral college? · a. They knew the Constitution would make them unpopular, so they wanted to create a way to avoid letting voters choose the president, thereby giving themselves a chance to be elected. · b. Small states insisted that they have a chance to play a role in choosing the president, and that wouldn't have been possible with direct elections. · c. Alexander Hamilton wanted a king, James Madison wanted no president, and the result was this compromise so that there could be a president. · d. They did not trust ordinary voters to choose the president and vice president directly. · e. They did not; it was added to the Constitution after the disputed election of 1796.

d. They did not trust ordinary voters to choose the president and vice president directly.

In his Thoughts on Government (1776), John Adams advocated state constitutions that provided for: · a. voting rights for all men at least twenty-one years old. · b. allowing women who owned a certain amount of property to vote, but preventing them from holding political office. · c. centralizing political power in a one-house legislature and dispensing with the office of governor. · d. a powerful governor and a two-house legislature that reflected the division of society between wealthy and ordinary men. · e. a legislature elected and controlled entirely by the wealthy, with a weak governor elected by the people so that they would feel that they had a role.

d. a powerful governor and a two-house legislature that reflected the division of society between wealthy and ordinary men.

Which improvement most dramatically increased the speed and lowered the expense of commerce in the first half of the nineteenth century? · a. a system of federally financed roads · b. the factory system · c. the establishment of an efficient postal system · d. canals and steamboats. · e. the transcontinental railroad

d. canals and steamboats.

Jefferson's Embargo Act: · a. severely hurt the economies of France and England. · b. stopped the policy of impressment. · c. provoked war with France. · d. caused economic depression within the United States. · e. was successful in restoring freedom of the seas.

d. caused economic depression within the United States.

Revivalist preachers during the Great Awakening frequently: · a. sought to avoid emotional styles of preaching. · b. formed influential organizations dedicated to abolishing slavery. · c. accepted financial support from colonial governments. · d. criticized commercial society. · e. praised Deism.

d. criticized commercial society.

Alexander Hamilton's long-term goal was to: · a. build up the Republican Party's political power. · b. assure that the United States would be a primarily agrarian nation. · c. succeed George Washington as president. · d. make the United States a major commercial and military power. · e. promote the power of state governments.

d. make the United States a major commercial and military power.

For which of the following did nativists NOT blame immigrants in the 1840s? · a. urban crime · b. alcohol abuses · c. undercutting wages · d. increased Protestantism. · e. political corruption

d. increased Protestantism.

Which commodity drove the African slave trade in Brazil and the West Indies during the seventeenth century? · a. sugar · b. cotton · c. silver · d. indigo · e. tobacco

d. indigo

Many of the members of Jackson's Kitchen Cabinet, as his group of close advisers was known, were: · a. military officers. · b. women, including Peggy Eaton and Floride Calhoun. · c. bankers. · d. newspaper editors. · e. Protestant ministers.

d. newspaper editors.

The efforts to emancipate slaves in the 1770s and 1780s: · a. occurred only in the New England states. · b. were reversed in 1792 by the U.S. Supreme Court in the Dred Scott case. · c. included all slaves north of South Carolina. · d. reflected the importance of property rights. · e. resulted entirely from the voluntary work by slaveholders.

d. reflected the importance of property rights.

The treaty that ended the War of 1812: · a. was a humiliating treaty for Britain. · b. gave Canada the option of joining the United States. · c. gave the United States large tracts of land in the West. · d. restored the prewar status quo. · e. resulted in the United States losing land to Canada.

d. restored the prewar status quo.

Utopian communities were unlikely to attract much support because most Americans: · a. supported the industrial revolution, but most utopian communities turned away from industry in favor of an agrarian lifestyle. · b. considered the utopian communities to be too materialistic and selfish. · c. were Protestants, but all utopian communities required members to deny religious beliefs. · d. saw property ownership as key to economic independence, but nearly all the utopian communities insisted members give up their property. · e. feared the Communist Party that endorsed and, in some cases, sponsored these communities.

d. saw property ownership as key to economic independence, but nearly all the utopian communities insisted members give up their property.

Free blacks in the United States: · a. made up nearly one-third of the African-American population in the South. · b. had the same rights as whites in the North but faced far more restrictions on their freedom in the South. · c. tended to live in rural areas if they lived in the Lower South. · d. sometimes became wealthy enough to own slaves. · e. could testify in court and vote in most states, but could carry firearms only with the approval of the local sheriff.

d. sometimes became wealthy enough to own slaves.

During Jackson's presidency, most Democrats did all of the following EXCEPT: · a. call for lowering the tariff. · b. support reducing federal expenditures. · c. oppose the Second Bank of the United States. · d. speak out against presidential use of the veto. · e. approve of the Indian Removal Act.

d. speak out against presidential use of the veto.

The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions were a response to: · a. impressments of American sailors. · b. Hamilton's economic plan. · c. Fries's Rebellion. · d. the Alien and Sedition Acts. · e. the election of 1800.

d. the Alien and Sedition Acts.

Slavery developed more slowly in North America than in the English West Indies because: · a. it was a longer trip from Africa to North America, making slavery less profitable. · b. those living in the British West Indies opposed slavery until the American colonies won their independence in the Revolutionary War. · c. Parliament passed a law in 1643 that gave tax breaks to British West Indian planters who imported slaves but not to American colonists who imported slaves. · d. the high death rate among tobacco workers made it economically unappealing to pay more for a slave likely to die within a short time. · e. planters in Virginia and Maryland agreed that indentured servants were far less troublesome.

d. the high death rate among tobacco workers made it economically unappealing to pay more for a slave likely to die within a short time.

Europeans—particularly the English, French, and Dutch—generally claimed North American Indian land as their own based on: · a. the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494. · b. the biblical story of Noah's division of the world among his sons. · c. financial transactions between Indian peoples and themselves. · d. their view that Indians did not use the land properly. · e. various papal decrees that privileged the claims of European Christians over those of Indian "heathens."

d. their view that Indians did not use the land properly.

North American crops and products: · a. played only a small role in the British empire. · b. led to numerous complaints to the parliamentary consumer advocate. · c. were consumed entirely overseas. · d. were part of a commercial trade network that knitted together a far-flung empire. · e. compared unfavorably with those throughout the rest of the empire.

d. were part of a commercial trade network that knitted together a far-flung empire.

"Republican motherhood" was an ideology that held: · a. Thomas Jefferson's Republican Party represented maternal interests better than its opponents did. · b. education was wasted on women, who should only worry about having many children to populate the republic. · c. political equality of the sexes fit a republican society. · d. women played an indispensable role in the new nation by training future citizens. · e. women should be granted suffrage rights.

d. women played an indispensable role in the new nation by training future citizens.

Bacon's Rebellion was a response to: · a. the Salem witch trials. · b. increased slavery in the Carolinas. · c. Indian attacks in New England. · d. worsening economic conditions in Virginia. · e. the Glorious Revolution in England.

d. worsening economic conditions in Virginia.

Which of the following best describes how the English viewed Native American ties to the land? · a. The English offered natives the chance to remain on the land as slaves and, when this offer was declined, forced them off of it. · b. They simply tried to wipe out Native Americans and then took their land. · c. They totally respected those ties and let the natives stay in all rural areas, negotiating settlements to obtain the coastal lands. · d. They encouraged settlers to move onto Native American land and take it. · e. Although they felt the natives had no claim since they did not cultivate or improve the land, the English usually bought their land, albeit through treaties they forced on Indians.

e. Although they felt the natives had no claim since they did not cultivate or improve the land, the English usually bought their land, albeit through treaties they forced on Indians.

In the presidential election of 1824, who received the most votes but failed to win a majority of either the popular or electoral votes (requiring the House of Representatives to select a president)? · a. Henry Clay · b. John Quincy Adams · c. Nicholas Biddle · d. James Monroe · e. Andrew Jackson.

e. Andrew Jackson.

"Salutary neglect" meant: · a. colonial legislatures were supposed to meet only when absolutely necessary. · b. providing little oversight of slaves engaged in the task system. · c. the same thing that "child neglect" means today. · d. failing to salute British officers was a punishable offense for colonists. · e. British governments left the colonies largely alone to govern themselves.

e. British governments left the colonies largely alone to govern themselves.

All of the following were factors enticing migration to the British colonies EXCEPT: · a. lack of a military draft. · b. religious toleration. · c. absence of restraints on economic opportunity. · d. availability of land. · e. cheap and safe transatlantic transportation.

e. cheap and safe transatlantic transportation.

The Seneca Falls Convention's Declaration of Sentiments was modeled after the · a. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. · b. Woman of the Nineteenth Century. · c. U.S. Constitution. · d. Letters on the Equality of the Sexes. · e. Declaration of Independence.

e. Declaration of Independence.

The French and Indian War began because some American colonists felt that: · a. they had to aid the English, who were fighting Napoleon in Europe. · b. the Indians along the frontier finally had to be subdued. · c. taxes were too high, so they solicited help from both the French and the Indians. · d. French Jesuits were converting too many Indians to Catholicism, endangering the Protestant majority on the North American continent. · e. France was encroaching on land claimed by the Ohio Company.

e. France was encroaching on land claimed by the Ohio Company.

How does the Bank War demonstrate that Andrew Jackson enhanced the power of the presidency? · a. By removing federal funds from the Bank even after Congress overrode his veto, he showed strong leadership. · b. He became the first president ever to veto a bill passed by Congress. · c. Because Jackson's actions led to an economic decline, he did not enhance the power of the presidency. · d. Because Jackson forced the Bank to issue more paper money to end a depression, Americans increasingly looked to the White House for economic leadership. · e. He identified himself as the symbolic representative of all the people with his veto message that appealed directly to the public.

e. He identified himself as the symbolic representative of all the people with his veto message that appealed directly to the public.

Why did John Adams believe that land ownership was vital to society? · a. Adams had lost his land when he took the unpopular position of representing British soldiers who participated in the Boston Massacre, and he knew how important the issue was. · b. Land ownership would make people more conservative, and that would counteract any democratic impulses. · c. He opposed slavery and felt that if small farmers owned land, they would have the power to outvote slave owners. · d. Government would have to encourage it, and Adams believed in an activist federal government. · e. If more people owned land, it would be less likely that fixed and unequal social classes would emerge.

e. If more people owned land, it would be less likely that fixed and unequal social classes would emerge.

What was the impact of King Philip's War (1675-1676)? · a. New England's tribes united against the colonists. · b. Massachusetts banned all Native Americans from living within its borders. · c. Great Britain formed the New England Confederation to protect against Native American depredations. · d. Native Americans up and down the eastern seaboard began rebelling against colonial rule when they saw what happened to their New England counterparts. · e. In the long run the war produced a broadening of freedom for whites in New England.

e. In the long run the war produced a broadening of freedom for whites in New England.

Dorothea Dix devoted much time to the crusade for the: · a. establishment of common schools in the South. · b. right for women to vote in local school elections. · c. better treatment for convicted criminals in jail. · d. immediate abolition of slavery. · e. construction of humane mental hospitals for the insane.

e. construction of humane mental hospitals for the insane.

Which statement about the Pueblo Revolt is FALSE? · a. It resulted in a wholesale expulsion of the Spanish settlers. · b. It arose in part from missionaries burning Indian religious artifacts. · c. It resulted in a total renunciation of Catholicism by the Indians. · d. It was successful because the Pueblo peoples cooperated with each other. · e. It was inspired by the Pope, but he died before the actual revolt took place.

e. It was inspired by the Pope, but he died before the actual revolt took place.

Which of the following statements related to the Second Great Awakening is FALSE? · a. The Second Great Awakening made American Christianity a mass enterprise. · b. The Second Great Awakening added a religious underpinning to the celebration of personal self-improvement, self-reliance, and self-determination. · c. Charles Grandison Finney became a national celebrity for his preaching in upstate New York. · d. Revivalist ministers seized the opportunities offered by the market revolution to spread their message. · e. The Second Great Awakening popularized Deism.

e. The Second Great Awakening popularized Deism.

What did English settlers in North America believe was the basis of liberty? · a. literacy · b. the English Bill of Rights · c. church membership · d. a wage-paying job · e. land.

e. land.

Which one of the following is true of indentured servants? · a. They could not be physically punished because, unlike slaves, they had rights as English citizens. · b. Pregnant women received their freedom early. · c. They could not be sold by their masters. · d. Three-quarters of them ran away and found permanent freedom. · e. Their masters could determine whether they could marry.

e. Their masters could determine whether they could marry.

Which of the following is true of how the leaders of the new nation viewed settlers moving west across the Appalachians in the 1780s? · a. They viewed them as the start of a brigade that was going to spread American values and virtues across the continent. · b. They expressed no views that historians have been able to find. · c. Benjamin Franklin advocated movement westward, but Thomas Jefferson fought him on it. · d. They hated them enough to pass laws banning their movement—much like the British Proclamation of 1763—but the settlers ignored them. · e. They shared their British predecessors' fears that frontier settlers would fight constantly with Native Americans.

e. They shared their British predecessors' fears that frontier settlers would fight constantly with Native Americans.

"Republicanism" in the eighteenth-century Anglo-American political world emphasized the importance of __________ as the essence of liberty. · a. protecting the natural rights of all humans · b. a strong central state · c. voting rights for all adult men · d. supporting royal authority as opposed to parliamentary authority · e. active participation in public life by property-owning citizens.

e. active participation in public life by property-owning citizens.

Thomas Jefferson's Virginia "Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom" did the following EXCEPT: · a. people could not be forced to pick a religion. · b. removed religious qualifications for holding political office. · c. eliminated religious qualifications for voting. · d. removed government financial support for churches. · e. allowed a second set of standards for Catholics.

e. allowed a second set of standards for Catholics.

The Sedition Act targeted: · a. illegal immigrants. · b. Federalists. · c. British sympathizers. · d. Alexander Hamilton's economic ideas. · e. the Republican press.

e. the Republican press.

The Spanish justified their claim to land in the New World through all of the following EXCEPT: · a. believing that their culture was superior to that of the Indians. · b. violence. · c. a missionary zeal. · d. a decree from the Pope. · e. defeating the English fleet in 1588.

e. defeating the English fleet in 1588.

The Half-Way Covenant of 1662: · a. set up civil government in Massachusetts. · b. gave women limited voting rights in Puritan congregations. · c. allowed Baptists and Quakers to attend, but not join, Puritan churches. · d. permitted anyone who paid a tithe to be baptized in a Puritan church. · e. did not require evidence of conversion to receive a kind of church membership.

e. did not require evidence of conversion to receive a kind of church membership.

The transcendentalist movement: · a. celebrated the economic developments of the market revolution. · b. stressed teamwork in order to industrialize. · c. was largely based in the South. · d. is also known as the Second Great Awakening. · e. emphasized individual judgment, not tradition.

e. emphasized individual judgment, not tradition.

By 1840, the temperance movement in the United States had: · a. virtually disappeared. · b. united Americans of all classes and religions in a "war" against alcohol. · c. convinced Congress to pass a national prohibition law. · d. made no measurable impact on Americans' drinking habits. · e. encouraged a substantial decrease in the consumption of alcohol.

e. encouraged a substantial decrease in the consumption of alcohol.

The separation of church and state: · a. resulted in the colonies from the Glorious Revolution of 1688. · b. existed only in the southern colonies. · c. was due largely to the increasing German presence in the colonies. · d. was limited in the colonies and existed only to promote all forms of Christianity. · e. existed only in a few colonies.

e. existed only in a few colonies.

The new state constitutions created during the Revolutionary War: · a. completely eliminated property qualifications for voting. · b. all retained tax-supported churches as a way of ensuring a virtuous citizenry. · c. became far more democratic in the southern states than in the northern states. · d. did nothing to change the composition of elite-dominated state legislatures. · e. greatly expanded the right to vote in almost every state.

e. greatly expanded the right to vote in almost every state.

In 1492, the Native American population: · a. was at least 100 million. · b. lived exclusively in villages of no more than 1,000 individuals. · c. declined catastrophically due to exposure to the Black Plague. · d. lived mostly in what is today the United States. · e. lived mostly in Central and South America.

e. lived mostly in Central and South America.

Free blacks in the South were allowed to: · a. carry a firearm. · b. vote. · c. testify in court. · d. be bought and sold. · e. own property.

e. own property.

Which of the following groups tended to be Anti-Federalist during the ratification debates? · a. merchants engaged in foreign commerce · b. rural residents closely tied to the commercial marketplace · c. wealthier citizens · d. urban artisans, laborers, and sailors · e. state politicians fearful of a strong central government.

e. state politicians fearful of a strong central government.

The American railroad industry in the first half of the nineteenth century: · a. encouraged entrepreneurs to begin building extensive canal systems for the first time. · b. mainly connected one waterway to another waterway. · c. was exclusively in the North. · d. was smaller in terms of total miles of track than the European rail system. · e. stimulated the coal mining industry.

e. stimulated the coal mining industry.

The U.S. Supreme Court's 1832 Worcester v. Georgia decision: · a. struck down Georgia's anti-tariff Nullification Ordinance. · b. was strongly opposed by Whigs. · c. approved Georgia's plans to confiscate Cherokee land and move the people to reservations. · d. was fully supported by President Andrew Jackson. · e. supported the right of the Cherokee people to maintain a separate political identity.

e. supported the right of the Cherokee people to maintain a separate political identity.

The proliferation of new institutions such as poorhouses and asylums for the insane during the antebellum era demonstrated the: · a. expansion of liberty for those members of society who could not take care of themselves. · b. power of the Democratic Party. · c. general economic prosperity of the nation. · d. lengths to which the federal government would go to provide for the general well-being of its citizens. · e. tension between liberation and control in the era's reform movements.

e. tension between liberation and control in the era's reform movements.

A primary reason that both women and blacks were largely excluded from the expansion of democracy was: · a. that members of neither group had asked to be included in politics. · b. the argument that, since they did not have the vote in England, they ought not to have the vote in America. · c. that both groups were largely illiterate, and literacy was a necessary skill for political participation. · d. that they were not citizens, so they could not vote. · e. that both groups were viewed as being naturally incapable and thus unfit for suffrage.

e. that both groups were viewed as being naturally incapable and thus unfit for suffrage.

"Strict constructionists" believed: · a. the creation of new western settlements should be strictly limited in order to avoid Indian wars. · b. the "general welfare" clause of the Constitution gave the federal government power to create a national bank. · c. freedom of speech and of the press should be restricted if the president believed that to be necessary. · d. Jay's Treaty should be construed or interpreted to put more restrictions on Indians. · e. the federal government could only exercise powers specifically listed in the Constitution.

e. the federal government could only exercise powers specifically listed in the Constitution.

The practice of giving a political office to someone based on party loyalty is called: · a. nepotism. · b. the party system. · c. a meritocracy. · d. paternalism. · e. the spoils system.

e. the spoils system.

What was the primary purpose of the Proclamation of 1763? · a. to prohibit Catholicism in the territory newly acquired from France · b. to open up more land for settlement · c. to end the slave trade · d. to protect the Indians · e. to bring stability to the colonial frontier.

e. to bring stability to the colonial frontier.