APush Final Chapters 7-13
To the Jeffersonian Republicans, the ideal citizen of a republic was a(n)
independent farmer
When colonists shouted "No taxation without representation," they were denying Parliament's power to
levy revenue-raising taxes on the colonies
All of the following fates befell Loyalists after the Revolutionary War except they
were given aristocratic status in Canada
Before 1763, the Navigation Laws
were only loosely enforced in the American colonies
Britain gave America generous terms in the Treaty of Paris because British leaders
were trying to persuade America to abandon its alliance with France
For its continued success, Hamilton's financial program relied heavily on
foreign trade with Britain and Europe.
African Americans during the Revolutionary War
fought for both the Americans and the British
The Loyalists who continued to support the crown after independence had been declared were more likely to be all of the following except
from New England
For Native Americans, the War of 1812 meant
treaties in which they reluctantly relinquished lands north of the Ohio River.
Latin America's reaction to the Monroe Doctrine can best be described as
unconcerned or unimpressed
The founding of the American colonies by the British was
undertaken in a haphazard manner
As commander of America's Revolutionary army, George Washington exhibited all of the following except
unparalled strategic military genius
The United States finally negotiated a peace settlement with France in 1800 mainly because Napoleon
wanted to concentrate on gaining more power and territory in Europe
Loyalists made up about ____ percent of the American people
16
The Russo-American Treaty of 1824 fixed the southernmost limits of Russian occupation of North America at
54° 40', the present southern tip of the Alaska panhandle
Despite the flourishing cities, America's population was still about ____ percent rural.
90
Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) Battle of Bunker Hill, (B) convening of the Second Continental Congress, (C) publication of Common Sense, and (D) adoption of the Declaration of Independence
A, B, C, D
Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) Sugar Act, (B) Declaratory Act, (C) Stamp Act, and (D) repeal of the Stamp Act
A, C, D, B
8. universal education of the white masses
A-1, 2, 4, 6—B-3, 5, 7, 8
Match each act below with the correct description
A-1, B-4, C-2
D. John Jay 4. secretary of treasury
A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
Match each British or American general below with the battle or military campaign in which he was most notably involved as the British or American military leader
A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
Match each individual below with the correct descriptive phrase
A-3, B-2, C-4
Match each individual on the left with the correct description
A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
D. William Crawford 4. finished first in the popular vote in the election of 1824 but lost in the House of Representatives
A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
Which individual privately advocated equality for women?
Abigail Adams
Regarding the provisions and implementation of the Treaty of Paris 1783, formally ending the American Revolutionary War
America broke the assurances regarding treatment of the Loyalist property and repayment of debts owed to British creditors
The Anti-Masonic party of 1832 appealed to
American suspicions of secret societies
One major reason for the Anglo-Texan rebellion against Mexican rule was that the
Anglo-Texans wanted to break away from a government that had grown too authoritarian
Arrange these events in chronological order: (A) Boston Massacre, (B) Townshend Acts, (C) Tea Act, and (D) Intolerable Acts.
B, A, C, D
Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) XYZ affair, (B) Neutrality Proclamation, (C) Jay's Treaty, and (D) Kentucky and Virginia resolutions.
B, C, A, D
Who was the American diplomat that negotiated the Model Treaty with France?
Benjamin Franklin
All of the following were direct benefits reaped by the Americans from the mercantile system of Britain except
British allowed the Americans to freely trade with other countries and compete on the open market.
In March 1776, this event is still celebrated today and it is known as Evacuation Day. What happened on this day?
British evacuation of Boston
The British Parliament enacted currency legislation that was intended primarily to benefit
British merchants
As a result of American opposition to the Townshend Acts
British officials sent regiments of troops to Boston to restore law and order
Which of the following statements is false?
By 1773, it was clear that a colonial rebellion was inevitable
Arrange these battles in chronological order: (A) Trenton, (B) Saratoga, (C) Long Island, and (D) Charleston
C, A, B, D
The Armed Neutrality League was started by
Catherine the Great of Russia
The colonists suffered their heaviest losses of the Revolutionary War at the Battle of
Charleston
Most Americans considered which of the following to be fundamental for any successful republican government?
Civic virtue
The nullification crisis started by South Carolina over the Tariff of 1828 ended when
Congress passed the compromise Tariff of 1833.
Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) clash at Lexington and Concord, (B) meeting of the First Continental Congress, (C) Quebec Act, and (D) Boston Tea Party
D, C, B, A
The political party out of power in Congress and the executive branch of government that provided the loyal opposition to the party in power in the 1790s was the
Democratic-Republicans
Chief Justice John Marshall's ruling in ____ upheld the Constitution's protection of property rights against interference by a popular state law.
Fletcher v. Peck
British plans for their 1814 campaign did not include action in
Florida
Foreign relations between the United States and France deteriorated in the late 1790s over
French seizure of American merchant ships
Shortly after French troops arrived in America, the resulting improvement in morale staggered when
General Benedict Arnold turned traitor
A new relationship between Britain and its American colonies was initiated in 1763 when Prime Minister ____ assumed charge of colonial policy and implemented more politically and economically coercive policies towards the American colonies
George Grenville
None of the thirteen colonies except ____ were formally planted by the British government
Georgia
Republicans looked to the models of the ____ for examples of a just society
Greeks and Romans
Which American political group was most alarmed by the Reign of Terror that occurred in France shortly after the French Revolution of 1789?
Hamiltonian Federalists
John Quincy Adams, elected president in 1825, was charged by his political opponents with having struck a "corrupt bargain" when he appointed ____ to become ____.
Henry Clay, secretary of state
The person most responsible for defusing the tariff controversy that began in 1828 was
Henry Clay.
The United States' most successful diplomat in the Era of Good Feelings was
John Quincy Adams.
The Indian chief who fought for the British in New York and Pennsylvania was
Joseph Brant
Which of the following is not a true statement about American women's roles during the Revolution?
Many women urged husbands and sons to stay home and safeguard their families and property instead of volunteering for to serve in a colonial militia or the Continental army
John Marshall uttered his famous legal dictum that "the power to tax involves the power to destroy" in
McCulloch v. Maryland
The Revolutionary War began with fighting in ____; then in 1777-1778, fighting was concentrated in ____; and the fighting concluded in ____
New England, the middle colonies, the South
The most devastating defeat suffered by the British during the War of 1812 took place at the Battle of
New Orleans
Which amendment guards against the danger that enumerating rights might lead to the conclusion that they were the only ones protected?
Ninth
Perhaps the key battle of the War of 1812, because it protected the United States from full-scale invasion and possible dissolution, was the Battle of
Plattsburgh.
All of the following are true statements about the Whiskey Rebellion except
President Washington responded to the Whiskey Rebellion by negotiating a peaceful resolution of the conflict with the protestors
The Force Bill of 1833 provided that the
President could use the army and navy to collect federal tariff duties
The resolution that "These United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states..." was introduced into the Second Continental Congress by Virginia delegate
Richard Henry Lee.
The commander of French troops in America was
Rochambeau
Unlike the ____ Act, the ____ Act and the ____ Act were both indirect taxes on trade goods arriving in American ports
Stamp, Sugar, Townshend
The first law ever passed by Parliament for raising tax revenues in the colonies for the crown was the
Sugar Act
The ____ Amendment might rightly be called the states' rights amendment
Tenth
Jefferson's argument against the constitutionality of a Bank of the United States were based on the strict construction principles, especially embodied in the
Tenth Amendment in the Bill of Rights.
Identify the statement that is false.
The Americans were dependent on the British officials in London to run their affairs
Most American colonists held which of the following comparative views of the Stamp Act and the Townshend Acts?
The indirect versus direct and internal versus external tax distinctions made by British political authorities concerning the Stamp Act and the Townshend Acts were meaningless because the American colonists had no meaningful political representation
Which of these is not a true statement about African Americans' support of the Loyalist cause?
Thousands of black Loyalist supporters were promised and given parcels of land in exchange for service
In 1773, ____ led the way by creating the first intercolonial committee of correspondence
Virginia
The two most internationally recognized American writers in the 1820s were
Washington Irving and James Fenimore Cooper
The "Tippecanoe" in the Whigs' 1840 presidential campaign slogan was
William Harrison.
Which of the following interest group(s) supported the exceptionally high rates of the Tariff of 1828?
Wool and textile manufacturers from New England
The delegates of the Hartford Convention adopted resolutions in 1814 that included a call for
a constitutional amendment requiring a two-thirds vote in Congress before war could be declared, new states admitted, or a trade embargo instituted by the federal government
Mercantilists believed that
a country's economic wealth could be measured by the amount of gold and silver in its treasury
By the end of the War for Independence
a few thousand American regular troops were finally whipped into shape
When the alliance with France was formalized, the Americans were able to gain all of the following except
a negotiated peace treaty with the British
Jay's Treaty contained all of the following provisions except
a promise by the British to stop selling arms to the Indians
The aspect of Hamilton's financial program that received the least support in Congress, because of its heavy agricultural and commercial interests, was
a protective tariff.
In a broad sense, America was
a revolutionary force from the day of its discovery by Europeans
Hamiltonian Federalists advocated
a strong central government
All of the following were characteristics of Henry Clay's election campaign of 1832 except
a substantial advantage over President Andrew Jackson in political support from the West and the South
Americans moved into Texas
after an agreement was concluded between Mexican authorities and Stephen Austin to permit the Texan settlers to bring into Texas three hundred families who were to become properly Mexicanized
The government of Mexico and the Americans who settled in Mexican-controlled Texas clashed over all of the following issues except
allegiance to Spain.
French aid to the colonies did all of the following except
allowed American forces to focus only on the southern theater
The basic principles of the Model Treaty and the new philosophy behind American international affairs entailed all of the following except
an attempt to downplay and deemphasize the importance of building and sustaining economic connections in international diplomacy
Presidents Jackson and Van Buren hesitated to extend recognition to and to annex the new Texas Republic because
antislavery groups in the United States opposed the expansion of slavery
In their treatment of Native Americans, white Americans did all of the following except
argue that Indians could not be assimilated into the larger society
The following were purposes of Jefferson's Declaration of Independence except
ask for an end to slavery throughout America.
Despite President Adams's discomfort, his political supporters in the election of 1828 used all of the following dirty tactics against his rival Andrew Jackson except
assailing Jackson for his deadly conflicts and uncompromising relations with Indian nations
The legal basis for Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton's Bank of the United States was
based on the "necessary and proper," or "elastic," clause in the Constitution
The new two-party political system that emerged in the 1830s and 1840s
became an important part of the nation's checks and balances
Under mercantilist doctrine, the American colonies were expected to do all of the following except
become economically self-sufficient as soon as possible
As secretary of the treasury, Alexander Hamilton's first objective was to
bolster the national credit.
Some Patriots responded to Paine's vision of an ultra-democratic American republic in all of the following ways except
by wholly supporting a radical upheaval on the social classes, leaving poorer farmers, tenants, and laboring classes with enhanced political and economic influence
The new Constitution did not provide for the creation of a(n)
cabinet
The First Continental Congress
called for a complete boycott of British goods
The Anglo-American Convention of 1818 with Great Britain
called for a ten-year joint occupation of the Oregon country by both American citizens and British subjects
People in the West tended to prefer Andrew Jackson in the 1824 election because he
campaigned against the forces of corruption and privilege in government
The most important contribution of the seagoing privateers during the Revolutionary War was that they
captured hundreds of British merchant ships
One of the West's persistent political demands was for
cheap money issued by unregulated banks
Change in colonial policy by the British government that helped precipitate the American Revolution involved
compelling the American colonists to shoulder some of the financial costs of the empire
The First Continental Congress was called in order to
consider ways of redressing colonial grievances against Britain
American diplomats to the peace negotiations in Paris in 1782-1783 were instructed by the Second Continental Congress to
consult with the colonies' French allies and make no separate peace arrangements with the British
Thomas Jefferson argued that the emergence of a large landless class of white citizens could be avoided in part by
continuing slavery
Passage of the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act
convinced many colonists that the British were trying to take away their historic liberty
John Jay's 1794 treaty with Britain
created deeper splits between Federalists and Democratic-Republicans.
Despite his suspicions of the federal government, Andrew Jackson's Democratic political party
created the spoils system in the federal government
Hamilton expected that the revenue to pay the interest on the national debt would come from
customs duties and excise taxes
The Quebec Act was especially unpopular in the American colonies because it did all of the following except it
denied French colonists in Quebec and the Ohio River Valley the right to retain many of their old customs and institutions
Republicanism held that the stability of society and the authority of the government
depended on the virtue of its citizenry
During its first quarter-century as a nation, one of the most vexing problems facing America was
developing and implementing a foreign policy strategy that would prevent the United States from entangling itself in the rivalry and warfare between France and Britain
One of the major criticisms of the Constitution, as drafted in Philadelphia, was that it
did not provide guarantees for individual rights
The first Navigation Laws were designed to
eliminate Dutch shippers from the American carrying trade
Federalists advocated rule by
elites uninfluenced by the informed masses or "the best people."
American colonists responded to the various coercive colonial laws enacted by Parliament in the late 1760s and enforced by British colonial authorities in all of the following ways except they
engaged in a violent campaign of attacks against British soldiers and customs agents in major Atlantic seaboard cities
In the cases of Fletcher v. Peck and Dartmouth College v. Woodward, Chief Justice John Marshall's rulings
erected barriers against democratic attacks on property rights
Washington's decision to retire from the presidency in 1797
established a two-term tradition for American presidents
Jeffersonian Republicans believed in all of the following except
every adult white male's right to vote
Virtual representation meant that
every member of Parliament represented all British subjects everywhere including in the American colonies
During the Revolution, the western frontier saw much fighting, which
failed to stem the tide of westward-moving pioneers
The Treaty of Greenville signed in August with the Miami Confederation of Indian nations resulted in all of the following except
fair and reasonable financial compensation to the Miamis in exchange for an iron-clad promise from the U.S. government to restrict further westward expansion along the Old Northwest frontier
Many Whigs in Britain hoped for an American victory in the War for Independence because they
feared that if George III triumphed, his rule at home might become tyrannical
The policy of the Jackson administration toward the eastern Indian tribes involved
forced removal from their traditional lands
The Whigs hoped to win the 1836 election by
forcing the election into the House of Representatives
Hamilton believed that, together, his funding and assumption programs would
gain the monetary and political support of the upper class for the federal government
The cement that held the Whig party together in its formative days was
hatred of Andrew Jackson and his aggrandizement of executive power at the expense of the states and Congress.
Colonists responded to the hated Stamp Act in all of the following ways except
having colonial legislatures issue a court mandate forbidding the enforcement of the act
Jefferson asserted landlessness threatened democracy as much as illiteracy because
he feared that those without property could become political pawns of those who owned land
General William Howe did not pursue and defeat George Washington's army after the Battle of Long Island for all of the following reasons except
he lacked sufficient naval support
Jefferson was selected to draft the Declaration of Independence because
he was already recognized as a brilliant writer.
Texas gained its independence with
help from Americans
The resolutions enacted by the delegates at the Hartford Convention
helped to cause the death of the Federalist party
Among the handicaps John Adams faced upon assuming the presidency were all of the following except
his ambivalent positions on the critical political, economic, and foreign policy issues of the day
All of the following were true of Alexander Hamilton except
his intelligence was constantly under question, but his loyalty to the republican experiment never wavered
At the time it was issued, the Monroe Doctrine was
incapable of being effectively enforced by the United States armed forces
The Bill of Rights was intended to protect ____ against the potential tyranny of ____.
individual liberties, a strong central government
The Panic of 1819 brought with it all of the following except
inflation
The British attack on Fort McHenry
inspired the writing of "The Star-Spangled Banner" by Francis Scott Key.
The tax on tea was retained when the Townshend Acts were repealed because
it kept alive the principle of parliamentary taxation
When the Monroe Doctrine was issued in 1823
it might more accurately have been called the American Self-Defense Doctrine
France came to America's aid in the Revolution because
it perceived that successfully assisting the American cause could lead to achieving their ultimate goal of breaking up the British Empire
One of the positive aspects of the Bank of the United States was
its function as a source of credit and stability, promoting the nation's expanding economy
One of George Washington's most significant contributions as president was
keeping the nation out of foreign wars
The local committees of correspondence organized by Samuel Adams
kept opposition to the British alive, through exchange letters
The colonists delayed declaring their independence until July 4, 1776, for all of the following reasons except
lack of military victories.
Federalists strongly supported
law and order
The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 arose in southwestern Pennsylvania when the federal government
levied an excise tax on whiskey.
Thomas Jefferson appealed to all of the following groups except
manufacturers
Andrew Jackson sought to recruit free blacks to defend New Orleans by appealing to the governor of Louisiana using all of the following arguments except
many of the free black men are idle and lazy and would become better workers after the war through the discipline of military service
As the War for Independence began, the colonies had the advantage of
many outstanding civilian and military leaders
Examples of colonial experience with self-governance, which prepared Americans for a republic, included all of the following except
militia service
All of the following are accurate descriptions of the young American nation except
most of the population lived in the eastern seaboard cities.
By the 1840s, voter participation in the presidential election reached
nearly 80 percent
At the outset of the American Revolution, the civilian population in the colonies was generally
neutral or apathetic.
Andrew Jackson's inauguration as president symbolized the
newly won ascendancy of the masses
As a result of the Sedition Acts
newspaper editors critical of the Adams administration were indicted, tried, convicted, and sent to jail.
The House of Representatives decided the 1824 presidential election when
no candidate received a majority of the vote in the Electoral College
The French grew angry with the United States shortly after 1794 because
of Jay's Treaty
The Declaration of Independence did all of the following except
offer the British one last chance at reconciliation
At the outset of the American War of Independence
only a select minority of Americans supported independence with selfless devotion and at enormous personal risk to themselves and their families
Supporters of the Whig party included all of the following except
opponents of public education
The performance of the United States' Navy in the War of 1812 could be best described as
overall surprisingly successful and skillful against the accomplished British ships and commanders.
As the War for Independence began, Britain had the advantage of
overwhelming national wealth and naval power
Women supported protests against the Stamp Act in all of the following ways except
participating as delegates to the Stamp Act Congress of 1765 in New York City
To help the British, colonial Loyalists did all of the following except
pay extra taxes to fund the war.
Perhaps the most important single action of the Second Continental Congress was to
select George Washington to head the army
All of the following were part of Alexander Hamilton's economic program except
paying only domestic debts but not foreign debts
America's military campaigns against Canada in the War of 1812 were
poorly conceived strategically and successfully repelled by the British and Canadians.
William Henry Harrison, the Whig party's presidential candidate in 1840, was
portrayed by his supporters as a poor western farmer in an effort to make a deceptive contrast with his aristocratic opponent, Democratic incumbent President Martin Van Buren
John Quincy Adams could be described as
possessing almost none of the arts of the politician.
Under the mercantilist system, the British government reserved the right to do all of the following regarding the American colonies except
prevent the colonies from developing militias
President Adams sought a peaceful solution to the undeclared war with France in order to
prevent the outbreak of a full-scale war
In Jay's Treaty, the British
promised to evacuate the chain of forts in the Old Northwest
The Whigs offered all of the following proposals for the remedies of the economic ills facing America in 1837 except
proposal of the Divorce Bill
The Quartering Act required that colonists
provide housing and food for British troops
The Quebec Act
provoked outrage among American colonists because it sustained unrepresentative colonial assemblies and denial of jury trials in Quebec, setting a dangerous undemocratic precedent in America
Andrew Jackson and his supporters disliked the Bank of the United States for all of the following reasons except it
put public service first, not profits
The British Parliament passed the Stamp Act to
raise money to support new military forces needed for colonial defense
The Patriot militia played a crucial role in the Revolution in all of the following ways except
raising funds to support the war effort
The Federalist-dominated Congress enacted the Alien Laws, which were aimed at ____; whereas, the Sedition Act was primarily aimed at ____.
recent immigrants; Jeffersonian newspapers and other outspoken political opponents of the Federalists
In the 1820s and 1830s, the public's attitude regarding political parties
reflected growing acceptance of the wild contentiousness of political life
In an effort to assimilate themselves into white society, the Cherokees did all of the following except
refuse to own slaves
When it came to the Revolution, it could be said that the American colonists were
reluctant revolutionaries
When the French Revolution developed into a war with Britain, George Washington and the American government
remained neutral
The Founders had not envisioned the existence of permanent political parties because they
saw them as a sign of disloyalty and lack of national unity
All of the following were results of the Missouri Compromise except that
sectionalism was significantly reduced
Britain made neutrality very difficult for the United States during the French and British conflicts of the 1790s by
seizing American merchant ships in the West Indies
The basic military strategy of the British in 1777 was to try to
sever New England from the rest of the states and paralyze the American cause
The colonial army eventually lost the Battle of Bunker Hill because its troops were
short of gunpowder
The main purpose of the Alien Laws and Sedition Acts was to
silence and punish critics of the Federalists
In the 1820s and 1830s, the two issues that greatly raised the political stakes were
slavery and economic distress
All of the following were weaknesses of the British military during the War for Independence except
soldiers who were incapable of fighting effectively
In McCulloch v. Maryland, Cohens v. Virginia, and Gibbons v. Ogden, Chief Justice Marshall's rulings limited the extent of
states' rights
Political opponents of Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton asserted that his major economic programs infringed on
states' rights, explicitly reserved to them by pending ratification of the Tenth Amendment of the Constitution
John C. Calhoun's South Carolina Exposition was an argument for
states' rights.
Despite some economic benefits of the mercantile system, the American colonists generally disliked it because it
stifled economic initiative and imposed a rankling dependency on British government agents and creditors
The High Federalists were
supporters of the war faction of the Federalist party
The Panic of 1837 was caused by all of the following except
taking the country off the gold standard
The Nullification Crisis of 1832-1833 erupted directly over
tariff policy.
The Tariff of 1816 was the first in American history
that aimed to protect American industry
The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions were written in response to
the Alien and Sedition Acts
When the government of Lord North persuaded Parliament to repeal the Townshend revenue duties in 1770
the American colonists remained unassuaged because Parliament retained the three-pence tax on tea, upholding Parliament's asserted right to tax the colonists
King George III officially declared the colonies in rebellion just after
the Battle of Bunker Hill
The Battle of New Orleans resulted in all of the following except
the British deciding to conclude a peace treaty with the Americans at Ghent, Belgium in late 1814.
The United States acquired free navigation of the Mississippi River, the rights of deposit at New Orleans, and the large disputed territory north of Florida in
the Pinckney Treaty
According many Federalists, the duty of judging the unconstitutionality of legislation passed by Congress lay with
the Supreme Court
The immediate cause of the undeclared war between the United States and France was
the XYZ affair
The spoils system under Andrew Jackson resulted in
the appointment of many corrupt and incompetent officials to federal jobs.
The radical Whigs feared
the arbitrary and enhanced power of the monarchy and its ministers at the expense of Parliament
The 1796 presidential campaign focused heavily on
the candidates' personalities
The Treaty of Fort Stanwix, the first treaty between the United States and an Indian nation, resulted in
the ceding of most of the Iroquois' land
Henry Clay embraced a program in 1824 called the American System which would create all of the following except
the constitutional right of individual states to nullify laws enacted by Congress that adversely affected their economic interests
The western land boom from 1791 to 1824 resulted from all of the following except
the construction of railroad lines west of the Mississippi River
As a result of Parliament's rejection of the petitions of the Continental Congress
the drift towards war became inevitable and fighting between the American colonists and Great Britain commenced in April 1775 at Lexington and Concord, Mass
Andrew Jackson based his veto of the re-charter bill for the Bank of the United States on
the fact that he found the bill harmful to the nation as well as unconstitutional.
After the British defeat at Yorktown
the fighting continued for more than a year
Opposition by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison to the financial plan of Alexander Hamilton resulted in
the formation of permanent political parties.
When the new government was launched in 1789
the nation's population was doubling about every twenty-five years.
According to the compact theory advocated by Jefferson and Madison
the national government was the creation of the thirteen sovereign states.
Hamilton's position on the war between Britain and France in 1793 was primarily influenced by
the national government's dependence on customs collections for revenue and the promotion of international trade with favored partners
The Boston Tea Party of 1773 was
the provocation against the British authorities to enact and implement more coercive and authoritarian laws governing the colonies
All of the following are guarantees provided by the Bill of Rights except
the right to vote for all citizens
Jeffersonian Republicans favored a political system in which
the states retained the majority of political power
The most politically consequential of the responses by the American colonists to the Intolerable Acts was
the summoning of the First Continental Congress in 1774
Opposing the Tariff of 1828, Southerners labeled it a "Yankee Tariff" because
the tariff protected New England manufacturing at their economic expense.
In the election campaign of 1796, the Democratic-Republicans made their primary issue
the terms of Jay's Treaty and the crushing of the Whiskey Rebellion
The colonists faced all of the following weaknesses in the War for Independence except
the use of numerous mediocre European officers
Alexander Hamilton's financial program for the economic development of the United States favored
the wealthier class.
All of the following were true of the American regular army on the eve of the War of 1812 except
there was no burning national anger to unite Americans against the British
When the Second Continental Congress met in 1775
there was no well-defined sentiment for independence.
Spanish authorities allowed Moses Austin to settle in Texas because
they believed that Austin and his settlers might be able to "civilize the territory," which was heavily populated by Indians.
Some Indian nations joined the British during the Revolutionary War because
they believed that a British victory would restrain American expansion into the West
Colonists objected to the enactment of the Stamp Act in 1765 because
they objected strenuously to the Stamp Act's naked violation of the political principle of "no taxation without representation."
In some ways, the Navigation Laws and mercantilist system were a burden to certain colonists because
they stifled economic initiative
The Sedition Act
threatened First Amendment freedoms of speech and press
Colonists considered the British use of European mercenaries, Hessians, as paid soldiers
to be an extreme, unwarranted, and unpatriotic utilization of foreign nationals in this conflict between American colonists and their British cousins
The purpose behind the spoils system was
to reward political supporters with public office
U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall's rulings almost single-handedly shaped constitutional interpretation
toward favoring nationalistic centralism and curbing the powers of popularly elected state legislatures in national political and economic affairs
Washington's Farewell Address in 1796
warned against the dangers of permanent foreign alliances
The Olive Branch Petition
was an effort by the Continental Congress to seek a political accommodation with King George III and prevent further hostilities with British military authorities
Washington's Neutrality Proclamation of 1793
was based on calculations of American self-interest.
Alexander Hamilton believed that a limited national debt
was beneficial, because people to whom the government owed money would work hard to make the nation a success.
As president, John Quincy Adams
was one of the least successful presidents in American history
The British Crown's royal veto of colonial legislation
was used sparingly by the British Parliament
The formal Franco-American political and military defense alliance of 1778
was weakened significantly by the issuance of President Washington's Neutrality Proclamation of 1793
The basic principles in the Model Treaty
were viewed as naive, highly idealistic, and utopian by experienced practitioners of international diplomacy in Great Britain and Europe
Andrew Jackson's administration supported the removal of Native Americans from the eastern states because
whites wanted the Indians' lands.
The American colonial exponents of republicanism argued that a just society depends on
willingness to subordinate private interests to the common good.
When the House of Representatives passed the Tallmadge Amendment in response to Missouri's request for admission to the Union, the South thought that the amendment
would threaten the precarious sectional balance in the country.
