APUSH - Unit 1

Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson challenged the authority of which of the following

Puritan magistrates and ministers

the people in the above diagram were often sent to the new colonies because of

a decrease in the number of indentured servants coming to the american colonies from England

the movement of slaves from the Africa to the British colonies expanded in the mid-1600s due to

a reduction on the number of indentured servants

"And now you have an extraordinary Opportunity, a Day wherein Christ has flung the Door of Mercy wide open, and stands in the Door calling and crying with a loud Voice to poor Sinners; a Day wherein many are flocking to him, and pressing into the Kingdom of God; many are daily coming from the East, West, North and South; many that were very lately in the same miserable Condition that you are in, are in now an happy State, with their Hearts filled with Love to Him that has loved them and washed them for their Sins in his own Blood, and rejoicing in Hope of the Glory of God." Jonathan Edwards "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" This period of religious revivals had which effect on education

new collages were founded to educate young men for the ministry

Of the following choices, which feature of the New England town map would be LEAST likely to be present in the Chesapeake colonies

the clustering of homes centrally located around a town hall and school

What was one long term effect of the event depicted in the painting of the First Landing of Christopher Columbus (1892) by Dioacara Puebla?

the decline in Native American population

which of the following was a significant cause of the trend from 1701 to 1770 in slaves imported to Nortm America

the decrease of indentured servants partly as a result of Bacon's Rebellion

A significant long-term result of the major pattern in the trans-atlantic slave trade was

the development of a strict racial system in British colonial societies

which of the following developments demonstrated the strongest community with the attitudes expressed by Bacon

the increasing anger of British colonists in the backcountry or western parts of the colonies

Which of the following statements about the population of North America at the time of Christopher Columbus' voyages is supported by the map

the most densely populated regions of North America would eventually become parts of New Spain

The pattern in the numbers of africans transported to the new world from 1450-1800 best serves as evidence of which of the following

the replacement of indigenous labor and indentured servitude by enslaved Africans in New World colonies

The dominant European perception (view) of the Native population during this period was

they were an uncivilized group compared to European standards

"Next, I call the Spaniards who plunder that unhappy people torturers... For God's sake and man's faith in him, is this the way to impose the yoke of Christ on Christian men? Is this the way to remove wild barbarism from the minds of barbarians? Is it not, rather, to act like thieves, cut-throats, and cruel plunderers and to drive the gentlest of people headlong into despair? The Indian race is not that barbaric, nor are they dull witted or stupid, but they are easy to teach and very talented in learning all the liberal arts, and very ready to accept, honor, and observe the Christian religion and correct their sins (as experience has taught) once priests have introduced them to the sacred mysteries and taught them the word of God. They have been endowed with excellent conduct, and before the coming of the Spaniards, as we have said, they had political states that were well founded on beneficial laws." In Defense of the Indians, Bartolome' de las Casas' (1550) According to the excerpt, what primary motive fueled Spanish conquistadors in the New World

to acquire gold and wealth

The slaves represented by the graph most typically settled in which of the following regions of America

Chesapeake region

"[God's] wrath towards you burns like fire; He looks upon you as worthy of nothing else, but to be cast into the fire . . . you are ten thousand times more abominable in His eyes, as the most hateful and venomous serpent is in ours. You have offended Him infinitely more than ever a stubborn rebel did his prince. And yet, it is nothing but His hand that holds you from falling into the fire every moment." The quote above is an example of the rhetoric from the

Great Awakening of the 1730s

"Barbarians [are]..., in the proper and strict sense of the word, dull witted and lacking in the reasoning powers necessary for self-government. They are without laws, without king, etc. For this reason they are by nature unfitted for rule."[Some] barbarians... have a lawful, just, and natural government. Even though they lack the art and use of writing, they are not wanting in the capacity and skill to rule and govern themselves... Thus they have kingdoms, communities, and cities that they govern wisely according to their laws and customs..." Bartolomé de Las Casas, Spanish Catholic religious leader, In Defense of the Indians, circa 1550. Which of the following claims in the first and second paragraph of the excerpt did Las Casas use to support his overall argument about the capabilities of Native Americans

Native American societies did not meet the definition of "barbarian"

How might an illustration of Smallpox in Central America in the 1500s tell of the experience of Indigenous people during European exploration

Native people endured disease and death spread from explorers

"I conceive there lies a clear rule... that the elder women should instruct the younger and then I must have a time wherein I must do it. "If any come to my house to be instructed in the ways of God what rule have I to put them away?" "The power of the Holy Spirit dwelleth perfectly in every believer, and the inward revelations of her own spirit, and the conscious judgment of her own mind are of authority paramount to any word of God." Anne Hutchinson, 1630s. The emphasis on personal salvation, which Hutchinson articulated in the 1630s, was most strongly echoed in which later movement

Second Great Awakenings in the 1830s

"The Atlantic economy supplied eager European consumers with mildly addictive... crops like tobacco and coffee, along with sugar. . . . The Atlantic plantation system transformed these three [products] into items of general consumption... Investors prospered, and capital for further economic development accumulated in the[home country]. The governments found funding and motive to develop sea power. The Americas had lucrative export crops and developed a society based on a system of labor exploitation of Africans, and Africa suffered the transport of eleven million of its people to the New World. "Thomas Bender, historian, A Nation Among Nations: America's Place in World History, 2006. This excerpt makes which of the following claims about the introduction to Europe of new crops from the Americas

They stimulated economies across Europe

"Whereas the plantations and estates of this Province cannot be well and sufficiently managed and brought into use, without the labor and service of negroes and other slaves brought unto the people of this Province for that purpose. They, are of barbarous, wild, savage natures, and it is absolutely necessary that laws and orders should in this Province be made and enacted, for the good regulating and ordering of them, as may restrain the disorders and inhumanity, to which they are naturally prone and inclined, and may also tend to the safety and security of the people of this Province and their estates..." "The History of South Carolina under the Royal Government. The labor system described in this code of laws developed for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

an abundance of American Indians willing to work as farmers

The differing opinions of Bacon and Berkeley are an example of which of the following divisions in the British colonies

an increasing class divide between wealthier and poorer colonists

"Colonial America also had regional differences among culture or historical reason for establishment as a colony. The Southern colonies were established as economic ventures and were seeking natural resources to provide material wealth to the mother country and themselves. In contrast, the early New England colonists were primarily religious reformers and separatists. They were seeking a new way of life to glorify God and for the greater good of their spiritual life. The Middle colonies welcomed people from various and diverse lifestyles. The social-political structure included all three varieties: villages, cities, and small farms." History and News Media, 2013. One of the effects of the reasons for founding New England was a

close-knit, homogeneous (similar) society

"Be it enacted... That after the five and twentieth day of March, 1698, no goods or merchandizes whatsoever shall be imported into, or exported out of, any colony or plantation to his Majesty, in Asia, Africa, or America... in any ship or bottom, but what is or shall be of the built of England, Ireland, or the said colonies or plantations... and navigated with the masters and three fourths of the mariners of the said places only... under pain of forfeiture of ships and goods."— English Parliament, Navigation Act, 1696. One direct long-term effect of the Navigation Act was that it

contributed to the rise of the opposition that ultimately fostered the independence movement

"Slavery, though imposed and maintained by violence, was a negotiated relationship.... First, even as they confronted one another, master and slave had to concede, however grudgingly, a degree of legitimacy to the other.... [T]he web of interconnections between master and slave necessitated a coexistence that fostered cooperation as well as contestation. Second, because the circumstances of such contestation and cooperation continually changed, slavery itself continually changed. . . . Slavery was never made, but instead was continually remade, for power—no matter how great—was never absolute, but always contingent." Ira Berlin, historian, Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America, 1998. Which of the following primary sources would most likely support Berlin's argument in the excerpt

diary entries from a slaveholder discussing plantation life

As the population on black slaves in Virginia increased, the number of indentured servants in Virginia

decreased

"I said everything to them I could to divert them from their idolatries, and draw them to a knowledge of God our Lord. Moctezuma replied, the others assenting to what he said, that they had already informed me they were not the aborigines of the country, but that their ancestors had emigrated to it many years ago; and they fully believed that after so long an absence from their native land, they might have fallen into some errors; that I having more recently arrived must know better than themselves what they ought to believe; and that if I would instruct them in these matters, and make them understand the true faith, they would follow my directions, as being for the best. Afterwards, Moctezuma and many of the principal citizens remained with me until I had removed the idols, purified the chapels, and placed the images in them, manifesting apparent pleasure. "Letter from Hernán Cortés to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain, on his interaction with the Mexica (Aztecs), 1520. The interaction between Cortes and Moctezuma most strongly demonstrates Cortes

desire for increased power and status

An implication of La Casas' argument is that a major cause of the decline of the native populations in the Americas after 1492 was the

epidemics brought to the Americas by Europeans

The excerpts from Anne Hutchinson best represent which of the following developments in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the 1630s

growing challenges by dissenters to civil authorities

By passing the Navigation Acts in the 1600s and 1700s, the British government intended to

guarantee that the British government would have a financial share of all colonial exports

Landsman (historian) claims that some historians might not consider the Middle Colonies a single British colonial region because the Middle Colonies

had different local economies focused on Philadelphia and New York City

"The first we heard [while Smith was exploring the James River in May] was that 400 Indians the day before had assaulted the fort and surprised it. . . . With all speed we palisaded [built barricades around] our fort;... The day before the ship's departure the king of [the] Pamunkey sent [an] Indian... to assure us peace, our fort being then palisaded round, and all our men in good health and comfort, albeit... it did not so long continue."[By September] most of our chiefest men [were] either sick or discontented, the rest being in such despair as they would rather starve and rot with idleness than be persuaded to do anything for their own relief without constraint. Our victuals being now within eighteen days spent, and the Indian trade decreasing, I was sent to the mouth of the river to Kegquouhtan, an Indian town, to trade for corn, and try the river for fish, but our fishing we could not effect by reason of the stormy weather. The Indians, thinking us near famished, with careless kindness offered us little pieces of bread and small handfuls of beans or wheat for a hatchet or a piece of copper. In like manner I entertained their kindness and in like... offered them like commodities, but the children, or any that show edextraordinary kindness, I liberally contented with free gift of such trifles as well contented them. "John Smith, English explorer relating events in the Virginia colony, 1608. Smith's account of the hardships experienced in the Virginia colony most directly encouraged which of the following changes in subsequent settlements

increased attention to farming and agriculture

A majority of the early English migrants to the Chesapeake Bay area were

indentured servants

The system of indentured labor used during the Colonial period had which of the following effects

it enabled poor people to seek opportunity in America

Bacon's Rebellion occurred because of the disagreements between frontier settlers and the Virginia governor over which of the following issues

relations with the American Indians and restrictions on the fur trade

All of the following 17th century events would have brought dissent to this peaceful New England community EXCEPT:

salutary neglect

Smallpox in Central America in the 1500s was a direct result of

the Columbian Exchange

the need for cheap labor in the colonies was MOST created by

the Southern colonies dependency on cash crops and people to farm the land

"And now you have an extraordinary Opportunity, a Day wherein Christ has flung the Door of Mercy wide open, and stands in the Door calling and crying with a loud Voice to poor Sinners; a Day wherein many are flocking to him, and pressing into the Kingdom of God; many are daily coming from the East, West, North and South; many that were very lately in the same miserable Condition that you are in, are in now an happy State, with their Hearts filled with Love to Him that has loved them and washed them for their Sins in his own Blood, and rejoicing in Hope of the Glory of God." Jonathan Edwards "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" A major change occurring in religion during this time period is

the authority of ministers was challenged

The introduction of tobacco during the early 1600s in the Virginia colony led to the

use of indentured servants, and later enslaved Africans, for agricultural labor