Ch. 23 The United States and the Wold War, 1945-1953

Universal Declaration of Human Rights:

Included freedom of speech religion.

The Taft Hartley act:

Outlawed the closed shop.

The policy "containment" can best be described as:

Preventing the spread of communism worldwide.

Pres. Truman's civil rights plan call for all the following except:

Reparations

What did Eleanor Roosevelt do of particular significance several years after the war ended?

She chaired the committee that drafted the United Nations "Universal Declaration of Human Rights".

Why did France and other Europeans understand NATO as a form of double containment?

The part would guard them against Soviet aggression as well as against the resurgence of a powerful Germany.

Organize labor emerged as:

A major supporter of the foreign-policy of the Cold War

Which statement best describes what NSC-68 called for?

A permanent military buildup and a global application of containment

What was so ironic about Dean Acheson's Speech to the Delta council in 1947?

Acheson praised the Presidents defense of democratic institutions in the place that did not know democracy

In 1948, the Progressive Party:

Advocated expanded social welfare programs

All the following statements about the Cold War's impact on American life true EXPECT:

Cold War military spending weakened the economy

The Truman Doctrine:

Committed the United States to fighting communism anywhere.

Which of the following does not accurately depict one of the uses of anti-communism?

Conservative Catholic congregations were investigated for enforcing "Principles of Communist conformity" among parishioners

"Militant Liberty" was the codename for a national security agency that:

Encouraged Hollywood to produce anti-communist movies.

To wage the cultural Cold War the Central Intelligence Agency and Defense Department:

Funded artistic publications, concerts, performances, and exhibits.

Why was it inevitable that the United States and the Soviet Union would eventually come into conflict after the war had ended?

Historically, both nations had never shared long-term interest or values.

The principle of human rights- the idea of basic rights belonging to all persons because they're human- was introduced into international relations:

In the Revolutionary period of the late 18th century.

How did the Soviet focus on social and economic rights in the Cold War human rights debate affect American attitudes?

In the climate of anticommunist hysteria, it promoted many Americans to condemn these rights as a first step to socialism.

The impact of the Cold War of the civil rights movement:

Included government action against the black leaders

In 1949, Mao Zedong:

Led a successful communist revolution in China

The Marshall Plan:

Offered economic assistance to noncommunist governments.

Why did Southern Democrats fear losing their position in the Democratic Party following it's national convention of 1948?

Party liberals under the leadership of Hubert Humphrey had added a strong civil rights plank to the party platform

The "Iron Curtain":

Separated the free West from the communist East.

Why were American diplomats particularly dismayed that the Soviets had installed a procommunist government in Poland in 1945?

Stalin had promised Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt at Yalta that he would allow a democratic government in Poland.

Which long-held US territory was granted independence in 1946?

The Philippines

After World War II, the only nation that could rival the United States was:

The Soviet Union

How did the Freedom Train suggest the meaning of freedom remained controversial?

The Wagner Act, the law guaranteeing workers' right to form unions, was removed from inclusion in the documents display.

The charges against which of the following organizations lead to the downfall of Joseph McCarthy in 1954?

The army

Why was it unlikely that the Soviet Union was going to embark on a new military campaign in the years following World War II?

The communist nation had suffered more than 20 million casualties, along with immense devastation.

Operation Dixie was:

The postwar Union campaign in the South.

The Berlin Blockade was:

The reaction by the Soviet Union to the establishment of a separate currency in western Berlin's occupied zones.

Why did nearly 5 million workers walk off their jobs over the course I'm 1946?

The removal of price controls resulted in a drop in workers real income.

How did white supremacists take advantage of anti-Communist rhetoric?

They charged African American civil rights leaders with a communist agenda

What reason did the Hollywood Ten give for not cooperating with the HuAC hearings?

They felt that hearings were a violation of the first amendment

Why did anti-Communist Harry Truman veto the McCarran-Walter Act?

Truman had become alarmed at the excesses of the anti-Communist crusade

How did the United States respond to Jospeh Stalin's blockade around Berlin?

Truman ordered that supplies be brought to Berlin via an airlift.

Operation Wet Back:

Was a military operation that rounded up illegal aliens found and Mexican American neighborhoods for deportation

Joseph McCarthy:

Was an embarrassment to his party by 1954

Who were the "Dixiecrats"?

Republicans who favored maintaining segregation in the south in support of the principal of states rights

In the 1950s what does the term "totalitarianism" describe?

Fascism, Nazism, and communism.

Why did the United States back away from pressuring its European allies to grant self-government to colonies in Asia and Africa?

American diplomats valued nations like France more highly for their alliance in the European Cold War.

The McCarran-Walter Act:

Authorized the deportation of communist, including naturalized citizen

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT:

Congress passed Truman's Fair Deal to raise the standard of living for Americans

During the Cold War, Americans:

Formed anti-Communist groups who pressured public libraries to remove "un-American" books from their shelves

What obstacle did Harry Truman face when he assumed the presidency following the death of Franklin Roosevelt in April 1945?

Harry Truman had absolutely no experience in foreign policy, the most important qualification at this point in American history.

Why did Harry Truman's loyalty review system target homosexuals working for the government?

Homosexuals were considered susceptible to blackmail and thought to be lacking the manly qualities necessary to fight communism.

According to some critics, how did the casting of the Cold War as a worldwide struggle between freedom and slavery, have unfortunate consequences?

It made it difficult to discern legitimate postwar struggles for economic and political freedom from those simply motivated by American interests AND It suggested that the United States would align itself against postwar colonial independence movements in the name of anti-communism. (Both A & B)

How had the political economy changed in the South during World War II in the early Cold War years?

The number of African-Americans in the region that we're registered to vote increased sevenfold.

Why did the United States allow West Germany to become part of a defensive alliance less than ten years after the defeat of Nazi Germany?

The successful Soviet detonation of a nuclear bomb underlined the importance of a military untied West.

How did black organization employ the language of the Cold War?

They noted how the Russians could use racism to damage America's image abroad, given its hypocrisy about the meaning of freedom at home

Why did American policymakers agree to spend billions of dollars on the economic recovery of Europe under the Marshall Plan?

They were afraid that if they did not help with the recovery, western European nations might fall into the Soviet sphere of influence.

Which of the following events did NOT occur after Truman's 1947 speech to congress?

Truman received only immediate, short-term Republican support for his containment policies.

Civil rights initiatives after 1948:

Waned, given widespread American sentiment that any criticism of American society smacked of "disloyalty"

Japan:

Was aided by the United States in rebuilding its postwar industrial base to establish a strong economic counter to communism in the far East AND Was under the control of the supreme commander Douglas MacArthur from the end of war until 1948. (Both A & B)

Japan's constitution, which Americans had written, provided for the first time in Japanese history:

Women's sufferage

The impact of the Cold War on American culture was:

Especially evident in the movies.

In the aftermath of World War II:

The majority of returning GIs went back to work AND Americans paid more for consumer goods. (Both B & D)

The 1948 presidential race:

Was the last to occur before television forever changed campaigning

Which statement about the Korean conflict is FALSE?

Chinese troops threaten to enter the conflict, but never did.