APUSH Unit 2-3

Triangular Trade

shipping goods from Britain to West Africa to be exchanged for slaves, these slaves being shipped to the West Indies and exchanged for sugar, rum, and other commodities, which were in turn shipped back to Britain

Chief Powhatan

the paramount chief of Tsenacommacah, an alliance of Algonquian-speaking Virginia Indians in the Tidewater region of Virginia at the time English settlers landed at Jamestown in 1607

Anne Hutchinson

A Puritan; faced a panel of 49 well-educated men; she was accused of trying to over throw the govt; she was expressing her beliefs that people could communicate directly with God; at the end she was banished from Mass. Bay. Later helped founded Rhode Island

Captain John Smith

He was considered to have played an important part in the establishment of Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in North America. He was a leader of the Virginia Colony (based at Jamestown) between September 1608 and August 1609, and led an exploration along the rivers of Virginia and the Chesapeake Bay. He was the first English explorer to map the Chesapeake Bay area and New England.

Great Awakening

Ministers from various denominations called for the renewal of their beliefs in a series of revivals from the 1720s to the 1760s

Indentured servants

People who came to America for free in exchange of labor for a few years and were later compensated by getting their own land(usually bad)

Enlightenment

Primarily intellectual, but had far-reaching effects, inspiring new technology as well as concepts of human freedom. Significance lay in the acceptance of natural rights philosophy, which paved the way for independence and republican government

Benjamin Franklin

Symbol of the American Enlightenment for his efforts to improve society through science, inventions, and civic organizations. Ran away as a boy, built a successful printing business, printing most notably "Poor Richard's Almanack". Published his own "Snake Device", considered the first political cartoon in the colonies

New Netherland

The colony established in the 1620's for its quick profit fur trade but which was never more than the secondary interest to its founders.

Half-Way Covenant

The form of partial church membership created by New England in 1662. Ensure that church members children and grandchildren will be part of church regardless of experience with god.

Jonathan Edwards

The most outstanding preacher of the Great Awakening. He was a New England Congregationalist and preached in Northampton, MA, he attacked the new doctrines of easy salvation for all. He preached anew the traditional ideas of Puritanism related to sovereignty of God, predestination, and salvation by God's grace alone. He had vivid descriptions of Hell that terrified listeners.

Pequot War

The refused to give up their land and one of their kind were accused of murdering a colonist armed conflict between the Pequot tribe and an alliance of the English colonists of the Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth.

Quakers

The religious dissenters who hated war, refused military service, and were known as the Religious Society of Friends.

George Whitefield

Young Anglican minister who arrived from England to tour the Middle Colonies. Called the Grant Itinerant, he could preach to an estimated 25,000 people at a time

Roger Williams

a Puritan, an English Reformed theologian, and later a Reformed Baptist who was an early proponent of religious freedom and separation of church and state, and a supporter of members of the Free Will Baptist movement.

Puritans

a group of English Reformed Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to "purify" the Church of England from most Roman Catholic practices, maintaining that the Church of England was only partially reformed.

John Winthrop

an English Puritan lawyer and one of the leading figures in the founding of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the first major settlement in what is now New England after Plymouth Colony.

Cash Crop

an agricultural crop which is grown for sale to return a profit

Bacon's Rebellion

armed rebellion in 1676 by Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Governor William Berkeley. The common people wanted their voices to be heard and did not like the land they were given for their indentured servitude

Elizabeth Lucas Pinckney

changed agriculture in colonial South Carolina, where she developed indigo as one of its most important cash crops.

proprietary colonies

owned by an individual with direct responsibility to the king; proprietor selected a governor, who served as the authority figure for the property

Iroquois League

powerful and important northeast Native American confederacy.

Virginia Company

refers collectively to two joint stock companies chartered by James I on 10 April 1606 with the purposes of establishing settlements on the coast of North America