art 100 midterm

When were the first successful photographs made using a camera? (For now, name the century—for the exam, know the decade.)

1839,

What did the assistant to the three archeologists discover near the village of Willendorf?

A 25,000 year old statue of a woman

Film (expensive production)

A movie camera captures movement by taking many separate frames per second, exposed on a strip of light-sensitive film exposed in sequence

What significant aspect overlapped the figures in Rameses' tomb?

A red grid system of measurement used for all Egyptian human figural representations

What significant event occurred in Greek art around 450 BC?

A sculptor and mathematician named Polykleitos developed the formula to compose an idealized human sculpture.

List some of the features of the Riacci bronzes that are exaggerated.

More defined muscles, legs and torso are elongated, grooves in the chest and back are accentuated, no coccyx bone

Around what year did humans start to make statues and images of the body

None of the above

At one time, photography was believed to be inherently truthful (an objective tool to capture reality), which made it particularly useful for what kind of photography?

Photojournalism

What are the three main printmaking processes?

Relief, Intaglio, Planography

During what time period was the distinction made between fine art and craft?

Renaissance/16th century/1500s

Theory of persistence of vision

Separate images presented to the human eye at regular intervals appear as a continuous sequence

What name did the archeologists give to the sculpture?

The Venus of Willendorf

What was the Kritios Boy?

The first completely life-like and realistic sculpture of the human body

How are the images of the human body at the Temple of Karnak, created over several hundred years apart, similar to one another?

The formula used to depict the human body remained the same for nearly 3,000 years

What does Dr. Ramachandran theorize was wrong with realistic representations like the Kritios Boy for the Greeks?

The sculpture was too realistic and therefore boring

Why are the exaggerated features on the Venus of Willendorf representative of what mattered most to ancient people?

The statue features an image of fertility and fatness desired by nomadic people

What do all images of the human body share?

They are not realistic

Egyptians were the first settled humans to use the body extensively in their art.

True

Inspired by the aesthetic rules of Polykleitos, the arrangement of the limbs and the direction of the head and chest make the Riacci bronzes appear alive.

True

Rather than exaggerating parts of the body, Egyptians were more concerned with showing parts of the body at the clearest angle.

True

The belief that Greek Gods took human form were the central focus for creating realistic statues to place in the temples erected throughout Greece.

True

what was discovered by an Italian diver in 1972 in the bottom of the ocean?

Two statues

Videos

are made with small, hand-held cameras. Relatively inexpensive, which encourages artistic experimentation

Controlling brightness, focus, and contrast to imply depth of space is called ________; it is an effective method for implying vast distances, such as in landscape paintings.

atmospheric perspective

Relief sculpture is meant to be viewed from one side only. It is designated in two ways:

bas/low and high.

Sticks of chalk, pastel, and crayon are all made by combining pigment with a _________________ (the thing that holds the loose pigments together, sometimes composed of natural substances like gum arabic or wax).

binder

______________ is the art of making objects from clay. Nearly every culture known has practiced this art form.

ceramics

Colors that are on opposite sides of the color wheel are radically different in wavelength (causing them to contrast strongly with one another) are called ________.

complementary colors

Subject matter is usually a clear indication of ________, which is sometimes indicated by the title.

content

Some people believe the medium of _____________ is superior to other media in art because it is oken closer to the first expression of an idea; many artists use this medium to work out ideas, to think, and to interpret.

drawing

The binding agent for tempera paint preferred by Renaissance artists was ______________.

egg yolk

A feminist analysis of Grande Odalisque by Jean-Auguste-Dominique-Ingres (a painting of an exotic and beautiful harem woman) would consider the role of women in 19th century France, but not viewers' perspectives on gender.

false

Modeling is a subtractive process for creating a sculpture.

false

Our responses to colors (emotions, psychological effects, associations, etc.) are universal.

false

Symmetrical balance is achieved through uneven distributions of object/elements in a work of art.

false

There is only one way you can accurately analyze a work of art.

false

To create the work The School of Athens, Raphael painted directly onto the plaster without the use of preparatory cartoons, preferring instead to work out his ideas primarily with color.

false

This is the specific part in an area of emphasis to which the viewer's eye is drawn.

focal point

In contrast to shapes (which only have height and width), ______ have (or imply) three dimensions (height, width, and depth).

forms

If art is a visual language, then the principles of design are a kind of ________ that artists apply to the elements of art.

grammar

Were the earliest people in Europe firstly farmers or hunter-gatherers?

hunter-gatherers

What image dominates the lives of people more than any other image

images of the human body

Zoetrope

images showing separate scenes of an action placed inside

Given psychological analysis, the atmosphere of Edward Hopper's Nighthawks, created by the lack of people on the street, the absence of streetlights, and the somber mood of the customers in the café, is one of ________.

loneliness

The kind of scale used for objects that appear larger than they are in real life is called ______ scale.

monumental

The ten principles of design are:

Balance, contrast, emphasis, focal point, pattern, proportion, rhythm, scale, unity, variety

Why did the Greeks almost immediately abandon the realistic techniques used to create the Kritios Boy?

Because they possessed the primeval desire to exaggerate

List some other places where statues, similar to the Venus of Willendorf, were discovered.

Britain, Austria, Germany, France, Russia, Slovakia, Czech Republic

This painting process relies on freshly applied lime plaster to hold the pigment in place.

Buon Fresco

The ten elements of art are:

Color, form, line, mass, shape, space, texture, time and motion, value, volume

Animation

Creates the illusion of movement by projecting still images in sequence

Lines can communicate different things to a viewer. For example, a diagonal line communicates...

movement

vladislav

namestnikov

The French artist Andre Masson wished to explore the psychological source of creativity through his "automatic" drawings composed of ______ lines (considered uncontrolled, spontaneous, and changing).

organic

The traditional primary colors are...

red, yellow, blue

Like music, visual _________ help to guide the viewer through a work of art, often through the use of repeated elements.

rhythms

What are the two most common materials used in subtractive sculpture?

stone and wood

what did the Greeks use that no other artist had used before?

their eyes

To communicate motion without actually making anything move, artists can choose to imply, or create the illusion of, ______ (which is why they are often linked together).

time

Egyptians advanced quarrying and stone masonry skills in order to carve colossal statues that would last forever.

true

It does not matter if a sculptor is creating a human statue on a monumental scale, or a figure much smaller than lifesize; if the sculptor applies the ratio of the Golden Section, the sculpture will have naturalistic proportions.

true

An artwork can be described as non-objective if its subject matter is _________.

unrecognizable

The lightness or darkness of a surface is the element called _______.

value

If art is a visual language, then the elements of art form the basic ________ of art.

vocabulary

Interactive Digital Media

Allows artists to involve viewers as active participants Viewer determines the appearance of the work or chooses different paths to follow

what qualities did the ideal body encompass for the Greeks?

An Athletic, muscular body

Colors that are adjacent to one another on the color wheel are called

Analogous

what culture did these statues come from?

Ancient Greek

what civilization settled and flourished along the Nile river?

Egyptians

List some of the features of the Venus of Willendorf (size, material, appearance?)

Enlarged Breasts, stomach and pubic area Minimized legs, feet, and arms Facial features non-existent, beaded pattern, possible a headdress or hair

After the creation of the Kritios Boy, the Greeks continued to sculpt realistic images for many generations afterward.

False

________ focuses on interpreting signs and symbols within an artwork, usually through historical and religious references. (For example, when examining the painting Marilyn Monroe by Audrey Flack using this mode of analysis, we interpret objects like a burning candle, the hourglass, and calendar as symbols of time that remind us of death.)

Iconographical analysis

What significant event occurred in which Greece gained the knowledge of how to produce large-scale, realistic statues of the human body?

Greece and Egypt began to trade

What features are basically ignored on the figure of the Venus of Willendorf?

Head and arms

In Audrey Flack's Marilyn Monroe, the burning candle, the flower, and the hourglass are typical of a kind of symbolism in art that reminds us of death. This kind of symbolism, called a "vanitas," is an example of what kind of analysis?

Iconographical