Sociology Exam 1
The concept of anomie was introduced into sociology by Auguste Comte. Émile Durkheim. Max Weber. C. Wright Mills.
Émile Durkheim.
Norms are often violated when they are weakly enforced. a subculture's norms vary from the norms of the dominant culture. they conflict with one another. all of these
All of these
In the US, the Amish would be considered: a subculture a counterculture a dominant culture all of these
A counterculture
A society is the totality of learned, socially transmitted behavior. a fairly large number of people who live in the same territory, are relatively independent of people outside it, and participate in a common culture. the norms, values, and beliefs of a large group of people. all of these
A fairly large number of people who live in the same territory, are relatively independent of people outside it, and participate in a common culture.
Facing forward in an elevator would considered: folkways. mores. laws. values.
A norm
Which of the following is the best example of a significant other? a casual acquaintance a clerk in a department store a parent someone you met at a party last night
A parent
A subculture is a segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of mores, folkways, and values that differs from the larger group. a large number of people who live in the same territory, are relatively independent of people outside it, and participate in a common culture. the totality of learned, socially transmitted behavior. specialized language that is used by members of a group.
A segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of mores, folkways, and values that differs from the larger group.
The dramaturgical approach is a view of social interaction in which people are seen as theatrical performers. a framework developed by George Herbert Mead. a phrase used to emphasize that the self is the product of our social interaction with others. the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life.
A view of social interaction in which people are seen as theatrical performers
Norms are rules governing specific behavior. rules deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society. rules commonly made by a government for the welfare of a society. all of these
All of these
Which of the following acts as an agent of socialization? face-to-face interaction with schoolmates online social encounters face-to-face interaction with co-workers all of these
All of these
Which of the following do sociologists recognize as an agent of socialization? the state religion television all of these
All of these
Which of the following is a culturally learned behavior? mores folkways laws all of these
All of these
Which of the following is an aspect of culture? using American Sign Language watching the Super Bowl game eating in fast-food restaurants all of these
All of these
Which of the following is an example of a symbol? a hug a Coca-Cola bottle a frown all of these
All of these
In the Albas's study of impression management, in which type of interaction did students often explain that they were not feeling well as a way of saving face? Ace-Ace Ace-Bomber Bomber-Bomber none of these
Bomber-Bomber
"Attacks on bilingualism represent an ethnocentric point of view". This statement would best reflect the views of which sociological perspective? functionalist perspective conflict perspective interactionist perspective global perspective
Conflict perspective
Which sociological perspective argues that subcultures often emerge because the dominant society has unsuccessfully attempted to suppress a practice regarded as improper, such as the use of illegal drugs? functionalist perspective conflict perspective interactionist perspective feminist perspective
Conflict perspective
Which sociological perspective emphasizes schools in the U.S. foster competition through built-in systems of rewards and punishments? functionalist perspective conflict perspective interactionist perspective global perspective
Conflict perspective
Which sociological perspective would argue that the most powerful groups and institutions control wealth, property, and the means of producing beliefs about reality through religion, education, and the media? functionalist perspective conflict perspective interactionist perspective global perspective
Conflict perspective
Which sociological perspective would maintain that the laws of a society are created by the groups in power and help those groups maintain their superior status? functionalist perspective conflict perspective interactionist perspective global perspective
Conflict perspective
George Herbert Mead suggested that the self is static phenomenon. continually developing and changing. a replication quite similar to others. a quality that one is "born in".
Continually developing and changing
Which of the following concepts employs the kind of value neutrality in scientific study that Max Weber saw as being so important? xenocentrism cultural integration cultural relativism ethnocentrism
Cultural relativism
General customs and practices that are found in every culture are called cultural integration. cultural diffusion. cultural universals. cultural relativism.
Cultural universals
What term refers to the polarization of society over controversial cultural elements such as abortion, religious expression, gun control, or sexual orientation? cultural shock culture war subcultures contracultures
Culture war
Your boss has just screamed at the work staff for poor sales growth and high absenteeism. Consequently, you decide that this would not be a good time to speak to the boss about a promotion. In this instance, you are effectively demonstrating role taking. playing the part of a significant other. playing the part of a generalized other. completing the preparatory stage of Mead's theory.
Demonstrating role taking
The self is the distinct identity that sets us apart from others. child's awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole. child's awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of the people who are most important in his or her life. person's typical patterns of attitudes, needs, characteristics, and behavior.
Distinct identity that sets us apart from others
People who have visited China might have experienced culture shock if they ordered meat for dinner and discovered it was dog. marinated and aged for ten years. moldy. beef.
Dog
The tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others is called culture shock. cultural relativism. ethnocentrism. value stability.
Ethnocentrism
Gender roles are expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females. the biologically determined patterns of behavior that are appropriate for males and females. universally consistent learned behaviors of males and females. the biological characteristics of males and females such as genital organs, hormones, body hair.
Expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females
A primitive tribe that cultivates the soil by hand has much more culture than a modern, computerized society. True or False
False
From a functionalist perspective, the social significance of the dominant ideology is that a society's most powerful groups and institutions control the means of producing beliefs about reality through religion, education, and the media. True or False
False
Kissing is an example of a cultural universal. True or False
False
The members of your nuclear family, your athletic coach, a teacher in a large lecture hall, and your best friend are all significant others. True or False
False
The mores, folkways, and values of a subculture are the only elements similar to the dominant majority. True or False
False
Norms governing everyday behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern, are known as mores. cultural universals. folkways. laws.
Folkways
According to Robin Williams, which of the following is not one of the basic American values? nationalism equality frugality the supremacy of science over faith
Frugality
An argot is a specialized language used by members of a subculture. Doctors and nurses, for example, have developed a language system that is not easily understood by patients, but enables medical professionals to communicate more easily, rapidly, and precisely with one another. Which sociological perspective is likely to emphasize the value of this specialized medical language? functionalist perspective conflict perspective interactionist perspective feminist perspective
Functionalist perspective
As primary agents of childhood socialization, schools play a critical role in teaching children the values and customs of the larger society. This view of the socialization process is most likely of particular interest to which sociological perspective? functionalist perspective conflict perspective interactionist perspective global perspective
Functionalist perspective
Which sociologist suggested that during the second stage of development, children become capable of assuming the perspective of another and are thereby able to respond from that imagined viewpoint? Erving Goffman George Herbert Mead Alvin Gouldner William F. Ogburn
George Herbert Mead
The term "significant others" is Charles Horton Cooley's term for the child's awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole. George Herbert Mead's term for altering the presentation of the self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences. George Herbert Mead's term for those individuals who are most important in the development of the self. George Herbert Mead's term for the sum total of a person's conscious perception of her identity as distinct from others.
George Herbert Mead's term for those individuals who are most important in the development of the self.
A law is a norm governing everyday social behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern. an informal norm that is deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society. governmental social control. none of these
Governmental social control
Which of the following would be of interest to a sociobiologist? the social origins of human culture how social interactions shape human behavior how behaviors that are advantageous to survival become genetically linked to human beings all of these
How behaviors that are advantageous to survival become genetically linked to human beings
Norms that are generally understood but not precisely recorded are known as mores. sanctions. informal norms. formal norms.
Informal norms
In forming a sense of ourselves, we imagine how we appear to others and how others perceive us, and finally we develop a feeling about ourselves as a result of these impressions. This sociological approach to the development of a self represents the views of which sociological perspective? functionalist perspective conflict perspective interactionist perspective global perspective
Interactionist perspective
Socialization concerning not only masculinity and femininity but also marriage and parenthood begins in childhood as a part of family life. Children observe their parents as they express affection, deal with finances, quarrel, complain about in-laws, and so forth. Which sociological perspective would be most interested in studying this functionalist perspective conflict perspective interactionist perspective global perspective
Interactionist perspective
Which sociological perspective suggests that language and symbols offer a powerful way for a subculture to feel cohesive and maintain its identity? functionalist perspective conflict perspective interactionist perspective feminist perspective
Interactionist perspective
In the nature versus nurture debate, which position do social scientists take? Environmental factors are more important than biological inheritance in human development. Biological inheritance is more important than environmental factors in human development. It is the interaction between environmental factors and biological inheritance that is important in human development. Biological factors are irrelevant in human development.
It is the interaction between environmental factors and biological inheritance that is important in human development.
In American society, we often formalize norms into folkways. mores. laws. values.
Laws
The relative importance of cultural and biological factors in the socialization process is referred to as the debate over nature versus nurture. role versus status. manifest versus latent functions. sociobiology versus biosociology.
Nature versus nurture
Informal norms are norms governing everyday social behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern. deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society. made by a government for a society, interpreted by the courts, and backed by the power of the state. none of these
Norms governing everyday social behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern
Mores are norms governing everyday social behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern. norms that are deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society. norms that are made by government for society, interpreted by the courts, and backed by the power of the state. none of these
Norms that are deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society.
Which of the following is the definition of Erving Goffman's concept of "face-work" altering the presentation of self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences people's efforts to maintain a proper image and avoid embarrassment in public institutions that regulate all aspects of a person's life the variety of interactionism that utilizes theatrical concepts
People's efforts to maintain a proper image and avoid embarrassment in public
Which term is used to refer to a person's typical patterns of attitudes, needs, characteristics, and behavior? personality social promotion socialization human nature
Personality
The looking-glass self is the sum total of a person's conscious perception of his or her identity as distinct from others. child's awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole. phrase used by Charles Horton Cooley to emphasize that the self is the product of our social interactions with others. person's typical patterns of attitudes, needs, characteristics, and behavior.
Phrase used by Charles Horton Cooley to emphasize that the self is the product of our social interactions with others
Penalties and rewards for conduct relating to a social norm are known as folkways. mores. values. sanctions.
Sanctions
A dominant idealogy is a set of cultural beliefs that help to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests. subculture that rejects societal norms and values and seeks an alternative lifestyle. specialized language used by members of a group or subculture. none of these
Set of cultural beliefs that help to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests
Which social scientist believed that people are in constant conflict between their natural impulsive instincts and societal constraints? Sigmund Freud Harry Harlow Charles Horton Cooley George Herbert Mead
Sigmund Freud
The analysis of Isabelle and Genie is important because it emphasizes the relevance of twin studies in sociology and psychology. the consistency of the developmental processes. the sensorimotor stage of development. social interaction in human development.
Social interaction in human development
Harry Harlow's research with rhesus monkeys indicated that early childhood deprivation could always be reversed with intense resocialization. social isolation had a damaging effect on the monkeys. there was no comparison between the development of the monkeys and human development. midlife deprivation was more serious than early childhood deprivation.
Social isolation had a damaging effect on the monkeys
Gestures and words that form the basis of human communication are known as folkways. norms. rites of passage. symbols.
Symbols
George Ritzer's concept "The McDonaldization of society" refers to the placement of a McDonald's franchise in every community with more than 5,000 inhabitants by the year 2010. the domination of numerous sectors of societies throughout the world by principles initially used by fast-food restaurants. the existence of a fast-food franchise in countries throughout the world. the placement of a McDonald's franchise in every community with more than 5,000 inhabitants AND the domination of numerous sectors of societies throughout the world by principles initially used by fast food restaurants.
The domination of numerous sectors of societies throughout the world by principles initially used by fast-food restaurants
As children grow older, their peer groups become more and more important relative to the influence of the family. the state. religion. the mass media.
The family
Which of the following is an example of cultural diffusion? McDonald's serving samurai pork burgers in Thailand McDonald's maintaining separate sections for female and male customers in Saudi Arabia McDonald's serving chicken tatsuta sandwiches in Japan the presence of McDonald's restaurants in Thailand, Saudi Arabia, and Japan
The presence of McDonald's restaurants in Thailand, Saudi Arabia, and Japan
Diffusion is the combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not previously exist. the process of introducing new elements into a culture. the process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality. the process by which a cultural item is spread from group to group or society to society.
The process by which a cultural item is spread from group to group or society to society
Culture lag occurs because people in most societies are more likely to change their material culture. True or False
True
Individuality is often lost within total institutions. True or False
True
Sanctions can be positive or negative. True or False
True
The methods of celebrating rites of passage can provide a means of dramatizing and validating changes in a person's status. True or False
True
Twin studies are viewed with some skepticism because they are based on very small sample sizes. True or False
True
Wearing two different colored socks and a tie that does not match the shirt with which it is being worn are examples of violations of folkways and informal norms. True or False
True
Collective conceptions of what is considered good, desirable, and proper, as well bad, undesirable, and improper, are known as values. folkways. mores. sanctions.
Values
Socialization is the process of mentally assuming the perspective of another. of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life. whereby people learn the attitudes, values, and actions appropriate to individuals as members of a particular culture. whereby people normally being socialized are at the same time socializing their socializers.
Whereby people learn the attitudes, values, and actions appropriate to individuals as members of a particular culture
_________ is most closely associated with the concept of the sociological imagination. Émile Durkheim Max Weber Karl Marx C. Wright Mills
C. Wright Mills
The relationship between a condition or a variable and a particular consequence, with one event leading to the other, is known as observation. causal logic. a correlation. an index.
Casual logic
Which of the following existing data sources are used more frequently for sociological research? census data scientific records personal journals newspapers
Census data
In Karl Marx's analysis, society was fundamentally divided between men and women who clash in pursuit of their own interests. classes that clash in pursuit of their own class interests. Blacks and Whites who clash in pursuit of their own racial interests. the religious and the nonreligious who clash in pursuit of their own interests.
Classes that clash in pursuit of their own class interests.
The use of the discipline of sociology with the specific intent of altering social relationships or restructuring social institutions is called: Basic sociology Clinical sociology Applied sociology Macrosociology
Clinical sociology.
A sociologist who studies the impact of the women's movement on the divorce rate would probably be following which of the following perspectives? Functionalism Interactionism Conflict All of these
Conflict
Critics of television often suggest that executives of major television networks and movie corporations are wealthy White males who decide which programs or movies will be produced and which directors and actors will obtain jobs in the industry. This analysis reflects the functionalist perspective. conflict perspective. interactionist perspective. global perspective.
Conflict perspective
Inequality, capitalism, and stratification are key concepts of which theoretical perspective? functionalist perspective conflict perspective interactionist perspective all of these
Conflict perspective
The view that laws are set up to assist those who are in positions of power would be held by: functionalist perspective conflict perspective interactionist perspective feminist perspective
Conflict perspective
What sociological perspective would most likely suggest that educational inequalities are purposeful and set up to reinforce the position of those in power? functionalist perspective conflict perspective interactionist perspective feminist perspective
Conflict perspective
Which sociological perspective sees the social world as being in continual struggle? functionalist perspective conflict perspective interactionist perspective global perspective
Conflict perspective
Which sociological perspective would most likely argue that the social order is based on coercion and exploitation? functionalist perspective conflict perspective interactionist perspective global perspective
Conflict perspective
The relationship between two variables whereby a change in one coincides with a change in the other is known as a(an) index. correlation. operational definition. scale.
Correlation
Selecting a research design is important because it may affect both the amount of time and the validity of the study. cost of the project. reliability of the study. scale of the project.
Cost of the project
After a sociologist reviews the literature, what is the next step in the process? review the literature on date and acquaintance rape ideas for future research create a hypothesis choose a research design
Create a hypothesis
In an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the independent variable is called the experimental group. representative group. study group. control group.
Control group
Which perspective would state that people are formed through the way in which they interact with and react to their social world? functionalist perspective conflict perspective interactionist perspective feminist perspective
Interactionist perspective
Which of the following was a central focus for Charles Horton Cooley? class issues divorce intimate face-to-face groups suicide
Intimate face-to-face groups
All research designs have positives and negatives associated with them. True or False
True
An ideal type is a body of knowledge obtained by methods based on systematic observation. a construct or model that serves as a measuring rod against which actual cases can be evaluated. a detailed plan or method for obtaining data scientifically. an initiator of people's attitudes or behavior.
A construct or model that serves as a measuring rod against which actual cases can be evaluated.
Anomie refers to a model that serves as a measuring rod against which actual cases can be evaluated. a loss of direction that is felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective. a classification scheme containing two or more categories. a type of suicide that is based on depression.
A loss of direction that is felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective.
A variable is a measurable trait or characteristic that is subject to change under different conditions. the extent to which a measure provides consistent results. the unintended influence that observers or experiments can have on their subjects. a speculative statement about the relationship between two traits.
A measurable trait or characteristic that is subject to change under different conditions.
Sociologists consider secondary analysis to be more valid than other forms of research. more reliable than other forms of research. a nonreactive form of research. an outdated mode of research.
A nonreactive form of research
Which of the following would be an example of the use of the sociological imagination? a study of an individual's sleeping patterns an analysis of the content of dreams a study that concentrates on the behavior of people listening to a religious service compared to those listening to a rock concert an analysis of the powers of the President of the U.S. to declare war
A study that concentrates on the behavior of people listening to a religious service compared to those listening to a rock concert.
To conduct a cross-cultural study of job discrimination against women, a sociologist interviews 75 women between the ages of 20 and 40 in an American city, and 75 women in the same age group in a Canadian city. This study would be classified as a secondary analysis. participant observation. a survey. a content analysis.
A survey
Contemporary conflict theorists are concerned with the conflict between. women and men. cities and suburbs. Blacks and Whites. all of these
All of these
Researchers found which of the following to be true of cell phone users compared to landline users? more likely to screen incoming calls more likely to break off a call mid-survey higher proportion of non-adults on cell phones all of these
All of these
We have little reliable data on human sexuality because It is difficult for researchers to obtain accurate information about this sensitive subject. until the AIDS crisis, there was little scientific demand for data on sexual behavior. government funding for studies of sexual behavior is controversial. all of these
All of these
Which of the following is true regarding feminist researchers? tend to involve and consult subjects more more oriented towards seeking change want to raise public consciousness all of these
All of these
Marx viewed the relationship between the capitalists and the exploited workers in systemic terms; that is, he believed that a system of _____________ relationships maintained the power and dominance of the owners over the workers economic political social all of these
All of these.
The sociological imagination is an empowering tool because it allows us to look beyond a limited understanding of the world. it helps us to understand why certain people may prefer hip-hop music. it helps open up a different way of understanding other populations in the world. all of these
All of these.
An operational definition is: a speculative statement about the relationship between two variables. the extent to which a measure provides consistent results. an explanation of an abstract concept that is specific enough to allow a researcher to measure the concept. a relationship between two variables whereby a change in one coincides with a change in the other.
An explanation of an abstract concept that is specific enough to allow a researcher to measure the concept.
In many Third World nations, the pace of social change is very rapid and there is significant hunger and starvation, unemployment, and family disruption. Individuals who live in Third World nations are likely to suffer.. dialecticism. anomie. verstehen. dramaturgy.
Anomie.
A key element in the sociological imagination is the ability to view one's own society from the perspective of personal experience. from the perspective of cultural biases. as an outsider. as an insider.
As an outsider.
Surveys and interviews that focus on macrosociological analyses would be likely to follow which theoretical perspective? functionalist perspective conflict perspective interactionist perspective both functionalist and conflict perspectives
Both functionalist and conflict perspectives
Which sociological perspective is most concerned with macrolevel analysis? functionalist perspective conflict perspective interactionist perspective both functionalist and conflict perspectives
Both functionalist and conflict perspectives
The results of an interview may be influenced by the gender of the interviewer. the race of the interviewer. neither gender nor race of the interviewer. both gender and race of the interviewer.
Both gender and race of the interviewer
In The Communist Manifesto, Marx argued that the working class must ally with capitalists to build a better world. try to work toward a return to feudalism. overthrow the existing class system of capitalist societies. ignore all aspects of class divisions.
Overthrow the existing class system of capitalist societies.
When a sociologist actually joins a group for a period to get an accurate sense of how it operates, the approach is called an experiment. ethnography. face-to-face interview. participant observation.
Participant observation
Which of the following is used to show the portion of 100? mean mode median percentage
Percentage
What is a potential problem when sending out Internet-based surveys? protection of the respondent's anonymity defining the potential audience the high costs of money and time protection of the respondent's anonymity AND defining the potential audience
Protection of the respondent's anonymity AND defining the potential audience
In which type of sample does each member of the entire population being studied have the same chance of being selected? random sample quota sample index sample Roper sample
Random sample
A research measure that provides consistent results is considered valid. reliable. an index. a scale.
Reliable
What is commonly the second step in the scientific method? defining the problem selecting the research design reviewing the literature collecting and analyzing data
Reviewing the literature
Which of the following terms is used to describe a systematic, organized series of steps that ensures maximum objectivity and consistency in researching a problem? scientific method social science experiment value neutrality
Scientific method
Early female sociologists such as Jane Addams were often active in poor urban areas as leaders of community centers known as settlement houses. communes. collective homes. utopian communities.
Settlement houses
Which sociologist argued that sociological research should focus on social change and on relevant research developed by nonsociologists? Jane Poulson Joyce Ladner Shulamit Reinharz Karen Barkey
Shulamit Reinharz
Which of the following statements is an example of a sociological theory? Suicide rates are a reflection of whether people are, or are not, integrated into the group life of a society. John's suicide was probably the result of the stress he was feeling at work. Social groups must have three or more members. Betting on horse races increases on sunny days.
Suicide rates are a reflection of whether people are, or are not, integrated into the group life of a society.
Which sociologist saw "society as a vast network of connected parts, each of which contributes to the maintenance of the system as a whole"? Karl Marx Erving Goffman Max Weber Talcott Parsons
Talcott Parsons
If you were interested in studying the relationship between date and acquaintance rape victims and the characteristics of the rapist, your first step would be to: review the literature on date and acquaintance rape. define the problem. create a hypothesis. choose a research design.
Define the problem
An element or a process of society that may actually disrupt a social system or lead to a decrease in stability is known as a latent function. manifest function. dysfunction. conflict function.
Dysfunction
A hypothesis concerning the role of languages in shaping cultures was created by linguist(s) William F. Ogburn. Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf. W.I. Thomas. George Murdock.
Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf
Sociology is considered a science because sociologists teach at respected universities. engage in organized and systematic study of phenomena to enhance understanding. receive government funding for research projects. construct middle-range theories to explain social behavior.
Engage in organized and systematic study of phenomena to enhance understanding.
Which of the following does your textbook note as a common criticism of Exxon's actions after the 1989 Valdez disaster? Exxon didn't pay sociologists well enough for the research they did on jury deliberations. Exxon agreed to fund only those sociologists who were known to be in favor of Exxon's policies and actions. No legal scholars were approached to do research on jury deliberations. Exxon didn't volunteer to fund research on clean-up technologies or long-term environmental costs.
Exxon didn't volunteer to fund research on clean-up technologies or long-term environmental costs.
Correlations are an indication that causality is always present. True or False
False
Herbert Spencer suggested that sociologists should be highly critical of the status quo and should work actively for social change True or False
False
The conflict perspective emphasizes the way in which the parts of a society are structured to maintain its stability. True or False
False
In the study of language, which sociological perspective suggests that gender-related language reflects the traditional acceptance of men and women into certain occupations? functionalist perspective conflict perspective interactionist perspective feminist perspective
Feminist perspective
Which sociological approach focuses on the macrolevel and would tend to view inequality in gender as central to behavior and organization? functionalist perspective conflict perspective interactionist perspective feminist perspective
Feminist perspective
In examining any aspect of society, which sociological perspective emphasizes the contribution that aspect makes to overall social stability? functionalist perspective conflict perspective interactionist perspective all of these
Functionalist perspective
The authors of the National Health and Social Life Survey argue that their research on human sexual behavior is important and that using data from their survey allows policy makers to more easily address issues such as AIDS, sexual harassment, welfare reform, abortion, and teenage pregnancy. This position best reflects the view of which sociological perspective? functionalist perspective conflict perspective interactionist perspective feminist perspective
Functionalist perspective
Which sociological perspective would most likely suggest that education is necessary for people to earn more money and advance in society for the purpose of social stability? functionalist perspective conflict perspective interactionist perspective feminist perspective
Functionalist perspective
Which sociological perspective would most likely suggest that sports help to maintain people's physical well-being? functionalist perspective conflict perspective interactionist perspective feminist perspective
Functionalist perspective
Which sociological perspective would suggest that if an aspect of social life does not contribute to a society's stability, then it does not serve a useful function? functionalist perspective conflict perspective interactionist perspective all of these
Functionalist perspective
Which sociological perspective would view society as a living organism in which each part of the organism contributes to its survival and stability? functionalist perspective conflict perspective interactionist perspective all of these
Functionalist perspective
Which early sociologist applied the concept of evolution to societies in order to explain how they change or evolve over time? Émile Durkheim Charles Darwin Harriet Martineau Herbert Spencer
Herbert Spencer
A speculative statement about the relationship between two or more variables is known as a
Hypothesis
Which sociological approach would view sports as an agent for defining people's social positions as players, coaches, and referees as a result of their performances and reputations? functionalist perspective conflict perspective interactionist perspective feminist perspective
Interactionist perspective
Which sociological perspective generalizes about everyday forms of social interaction in order to understand society as a whole? functionalist perspective conflict perspective interactionist perspective all of these
Interactionist perspective
Which sociological perspective holds the view that people create their social worlds through interaction and manipulation of symbols? functionalist conflict interactionist global
Interactionist perspective
Which sociological perspective would be most likely to suggest that nonverbal communication, such as the frequency of individuals touching each other during a conversation, varies from one culture to another? functionalist perspective conflict perspective interactionist perspective feminist perspective
Interactionist perspective
C. Wright Mills advocated the use of the sociological imagination to view divorce in the United States because divorce is a serious personal problem for numerous men and women. is not just an individual's personal problem but a societal concern. may create emotional scars for divorcees. has been a serious problem throughout history.
Is not just an individual's personal problem but a societal concern
Which of the following would be an example of cultural capital? knowing all the names of Monster Truck drivers knowledge of great American authors a close network of extended relatives knowledge of Laotian cuisine
Knowledge of great American authors.
For W.E.B. Du Bois, which of the following was considered essential in combating prejudice and achieving tolerance and justice? statistics common sense knowledge surveys
Knowledge.
People may behave differently in artificial situations than they would in the "real world". This poses a particular problem for researchers using questionnaires. content analysis. replication. laboratory experiments.
Laboratory experiments
An abstract system of word meanings and symbols for all aspects of culture is called material culture. sanctions. language. argot.
Language
"Value neutrality" in social science research was initially called for by Émile Durkheim. W.E.B. Du Bois. Max Weber. William Zellner.
Max Weber
The number calculated by adding a series of values and then dividing by the number of values is referred to as the mean mode median percentage
Mean
The midpoint or number which divides a series of values into two groups of equal numbers of values is referred to as the mean mode median percentage
Median
The single most common value in a series of scores is referred to as the mean mode median percentage
Mode
In 1909, W.E.B. Du Bois helped found which of these organizations? Black Panther Party Nation of Islam NAACP Black National Congress
NAACP
A sociologist who is interested in examining racism in sports might determine what percentage of team owners, general managers, coaches, and managers are members of each racial group. This would be an example of developing a(an) research design. operational definition. hypothesis. theory.
Operational definition
Emile Durkheim's study of suicide, related suicide rates to personal depression. personal stress. the extent to which people were integrated into the group life of a society. climatic conditions such as oppressive heat, heavy rain, and cold winters.
The extent to which people were integrated into the group life of a society.
A sociologist observing behavior at a college football game would probably focus on what books the coach of the team has read during the past year. a "fan" who has fallen asleep during the game's fourth quarter. the interaction among fans during the pre-game ritual of tailgate parties. the cleanliness of the rest room facilities in the stadium.
The interaction among fans during the pre-game ritual of tailgate parties.
Which aspect of divorce would most likely be of interest to sociologists using the sociological imagination? the structural impact of divorce the personal hardships of a man or woman divorcing the average amount of child support payments for dependent children all of these (other answer options could be seen as possible when students lump it in with Durkhiem.)
The structural impact of divorce
Although some of the early sociologists saw themselves as social reformers, by the middle of the twentieth century, the focus of the discipline of sociology had shifted to theorizing and gathering information. a de-emphasis on the scientific method. applied sociology. the advocacy of civil rights for minorities.
Theorizing and gathering information
An attempt to explain problems, actions, or behavior in a comprehensive manner is called a(an) science. typology. theory. ideal type.
Theory.
Which of the following could be a manifest function of colleges? They are a place to meet future husbands or wives. They sometimes fail to teach students how to read or write effectively. They help to maintain the economic status quo in the U.S. They prepare students for post-college careers.
They prepare students for post-college careers.
Despite their differences, functionalists, conflict theorists, and interactionists would all agree that there is much more to sports than exercise or recreation. True or False
True
Having a grandmother who sits on the board of trustees for your college is an example of social capital. True or False
True
In criticizing the call for a value-free sociology, Alvin Gouldner suggests that sociologists may use objectivity as a sacred justification for remaining uncritical of existing institutions and centers of power. True or False
True
Karl Marx saw the factory as the center of conflict between society's exploiters and its exploited masses. True or False
True
One of Robert Merton's most significant contributions to sociology was the attempt to merge the microlevel and macrolevel approaches to the study of society.
True
Selection of a research design will influence both the cost of a research project and the amount of time needed to collect the results of the research. True or False
True
Income, religion, race, gender, and marital status can all be examples of indexes. scales. variables. operational definitions.
Variables
The word that Max Weber used to stress the need for sociologists to take into account people's emotions, thoughts, beliefs, understandings, and attitudes was verstehen. Gemeinschaft. anomie. Gesellschaft.
Verstehen.
___________'s study of Italian street-corner men used participant observation. Terry Mizrahi William F. Whyte Max Weber Vilfredo Pareto
William F. Whyte
Émile Durkheim's explanation of suicide was scientific because he developed conclusions based on systematic examination of data. carefully studied the personalities of hundreds of suicide victims. worked in a university setting. divided suicide into four distinctive categories.
developed conclusions based on systematic examination of data.
Secondary analysis includes a variety of research techniques that use questionnaires and interviews. participant observation. publicly accessible information and data, or data collected by another. control groups.
publicly accessible information and data, or data collected by another.