Art 1010 Final
according to the film you watched, what is included with each place setting of Judy Chicago's the dinner party?
a porcelain painted plate and an embroidered runner
the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York was designed by whom and for what purpose (originally)?
it was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright as a museum dedicated to non-objective painting
according to the film you watched, what is papier collé?
cut and pasted paper
what baroque style differs the most from the others?
dutch
Qualities of Rococo
elaborate ornamentation, asymmetrical values, pastel color palette, and curved or serpentine lines. Rococo art works often depict themes of love, classical myths, youth, and playfulness.
according to the film you watched, how long is the Spiral Jetty and how long did it take to make?
it's about 1500 feet long and took about weeks to make
What are the characteristics of Impressionism?
* focus on light and color • visible brushstrokes • Ordinary subject matter Impressionism is a 19th-century art movement characterized by relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage of time), ordinary subject matter, unusual visual angles, and inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human perception and experience.
before the 1970s and 1980s, on average, less than ___ of the artworks shown in galleries and museums were created by female artists?
5%
before the industrial revolution, what percentage of the world's population was engaged in farming vs. now?
80% then, less than 1% now
cubism
A style of art in which the subject matter is portrayed by geometric forms, especially cubes
Color Field Painting
A technique in abstract painting developed in the 1950s. It focuses on the lyrical effects of large areas of color, often poured or stained onto the canvas. Newman, Rothko, and Frankenthaler painted in this manner.
What are the general characteristics of modern art?
Although many different styles are encompassed by the term, there are certain underlying principles that define modernist art: A rejection of history and conservative values (such as realistic depiction of subjects); innovation and experimentation with form (the shapes, colors and lines that make up the work) with a tendency to abstraction; and an emphasis on materials, techniques and processes
According to the film you watched, Venus (in Botticelli's Birth of Venus) was based off of which of the following sources?
An ancient Greco-Roman sculpture of Venus
Surrealism
An artistic movement that displayed vivid dream worlds and fantastic unreal images
Abstract Expressionism
An artistic movement that focused on expressing emotion and feelings through abstract images and colors, lines and shapes.
in this section, we encountered an artist who is very famous in contemporary art, but whose identity is currently unknown. What is the tag name of this artist?
Banksy
Warhol
Andy Warhol was an American artist, film director, and producer who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art
What is Appropriation Art?
Appropriation in art is the use of pre-existing objects or images with little or no transformation applied to them. The use of appropriation has played a significant role in the history of the arts.
According to the film you watched, how did Masaccio construct the curves of the ceiling?
By using a nail, a string, and a stylus to etch into the wet plaster
What art styles did Proto-Renaissance bridge?
Byzantine, medieval, and renaissance art
Oldenburg
Claes Oldenburg is a Swedish-born American sculptor, best known for his public art installations typically featuring large replicas of everyday objects. Another theme in his work is soft sculpture versions of everyday objects
in 1988, Chuck Close became paralyzed after the collapse of spinal artery, and his style changed from photorealism. Which statement best describes his new approach?
Close still paints portraits, but the portraits are broken down into boxes of shapes
What are the characteristics of the work of Jacques Louis David?
David was the first French artist to unite classical subjects with a linear precision and minimalist composition. Completely rejecting the decorative and painterly effects of the Rococo, his canvases created powerful, didactic works of moral clarity with few distractions or pictorial flourishes.
According to the film you watched on "The Gates of Paradise", what are orthogonals?
Diagonal lines that recede into space in linear perspective
what artist was able to innovate the idea of putting a painting within a painting?
Diego Velazquez
According to the film you watched on the Ambassadors by Holbein, what does the broken string on the lute represent?
Discord in Europe and in the church
Rembrandt
Dutch painter, who painted portraits of wealthy middle-class merchants and used sharp contrasts of light and shadow to draw attention to his focus
What types of qualities does Medieval Art focus on
Early medieval art shared some defining characteristics including iconography, Christian subject matter, elaborate patterns and decoration, bright colors, the use of precious metals, gems, and other luxurious materials, stylized figures, and social status.
What is Feminist Art?
Feminist art is a category of art associated with the late 1960s and 1970s feminist movement. Feminist art highlights the societal and political differences women experience within their lives
Which artist created a series of forty-four frescos for the Monastery of San Marco to aid in meditation and devotion?
Fra Angelico
Goya
Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes was a Spanish romantic painter and printmaker. He is considered the most important Spanish artist of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. His paintings, drawings, and engravings reflected contemporary historical upheavals and influenced important 19th- and 20th-century painters.
How was Giotto di Bondone's Kiss of Judas innovative?
Giotto is best known for the way he explored the possibilities of perspective and pictorial space, and in so doing, he brought a new sense of realism to his religious parables.
Why is the Guggenheim Museum important?
Guggenheim Museum is arguably the most important building of Wright's late career. A monument to modernism, the unique architecture of the space, with its spiral ramp riding to a domed skylight, continues to thrill visitors and provide a unique forum for the presentation of contemporary art.
Who said "show me an angel and I'll paint one?"
Gustave Courbet, a Realist
Based on the module readings as well as the Rick Steves film, all of the following innovations can be attributed to Giotto, except: He investigated the effects of light and shadow He dispensed with Byzantine gold halos He gave weight, dimension, and emotion to his figures He experimented with a wider variety of color than Byzantine artists
He dispensed with Byzantine gold halos
According to the film you watched on the Last Supper, what medium did Leonardo experiment with?
He painted with oil and tempera on dry plaster; the painting never truly adhered to the wall
Who invented photography?
Henry Fox Talbot. ... Thomas Wedgwood. ... Nicéphore Niépce. ... Louis Daguerre
How much is Damien Hirst worth, and what does his art look like?
How much are Damien Hirst paintings worth? The most ever paid for a Damien Hirst painting is $19,213,270 for the painting.
What was Kirchner trying to express with his work?
Kirchner believed that powerful forces - enlivening yet also destructive - dwelt beneath the veneer of Western civilization, and he believed that creativity offered a means of harnessing them.
Cassatt
Impressionism
How did 20th century/contemporary artists change their relationship with audience (how did they help audiences construct meaning)?
In a globally influenced, culturally diverse, and technologically advancing world, contemporary artists give voice to the varied and changing cultural landscape of identities, values, and beliefs. Audiences play an active role in the process of constructing meaning about works of art.
Based on what you learned from the film on the Merode Altarpiece, what is so fantastic about the background?
It includes a modern Flemish city
According to the film you watched, why is Donatello's David so important?
It was the first freestanding nude sculpture since classical antiquity
Which of the following statements related to the differences between Northern Renaissance and Italian Renaissance painting is not true? -While Italian artists often painting on a large scale, northern Renaissance artists often painted on a more personal scale -Italian artists were the first to use oil paints in the early 1400s, but northern artists quickly followed -Northern artists did not enjoy the same level of fame as Italian Renaissance artists -Some northern artists painted in a miniaturist technique (most Italian artists did not)
Italian artists were the first to use oil paints in the early 1400s, but northern artists quickly followed
Caravaggio
Italian painter noted for his realistic depiction of religious subjects and his novel use of light
Bernini
Italian sculptor and architect of the Baroque period in Italy
Courbet
Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet was a French painter who led the Realism movement in 19th-century French painting. Committed to painting only what he could see, he rejected academic convention and the Romanticism of the previous generation of visual artists.
what famous woman did Jacques-Louis David sketch on the way to be executed at the guillotine in 1793?
Marie Antoinette
All of the following statements are true about Michelangelo except: -The Pietà was Michelangelo's first major commission -Michelangelo altered the proportions of the David slightly, so they would appear correct when viewed from below -Michelangelo's David stands at over 17 feet tall -Michelangelo's David was commissioned by the Medici Family
Michelangelo's David was commissioned by the Medici Family
What is the difference between modern art and contemporary art?
Modern art is that which was created sometime between the 1860s (some say the 1880s) and the late 1960s (some say only through the 1950s). Art made thereafter (e.g., conceptual, minimalist, postmodern, feminist) is considered contemporary.
What did art related to the rise of Communism look like?
Most Marxists would say that the value of a work of art such as a painting, or the pleasure they get from it - in its original or as a reproduction - is above all else an individual matter, not something that 'experts' (Marxist or otherwise) can or should pronounce upon.
What are the characteristics of neoclassical art?
Neoclassical painting is characterized by the use of straight lines, a smooth paint surface, the depiction of light, a minimal use of color, and the clear, crisp definition of forms. The works of Jacques-Louis David are usually hailed as the epitome of Neoclassical painting
What was the neoclassical period like?
Neoclassicism is the 18th and 19th century movement that developed in Europe as a reaction to the excesses of Baroque and Rococo. The movement sought to return to the classical beauty and magnificence of the Ancient Greece and the Roman Empire.
What new mediums were introduced during the Modern art phase of the 20th century?
Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Juan Gris and other cubist artists introduced new elements and materials like newspaper clippings, fabric, and sheet music into their paintings. Eventually the movement was called Synthetic Cubism developed between 1912 and 1919
photorealism
Paintings executed in a highly realistic fashion that look almost like photography
which post impressionist once declared, "I want to make impressionism something solid and durable, like the art of the museums." the same artist is also credited with incorporating the "Fourth dimension" in his work
Paul Cezanne
What is Photorealism?
Photorealism is the genre of painting based on using the camera and photographs to gather information and then from this information, creating a painting that appears to be very realistic like a photograph. Estes, Goings, Close, Bell, Flack, Eddy,
According to the film you watched on The School of Athens, who are the two figures standing right at the center of this painting?
Plato and Aristotle
According to the film you watched on oil paint, how many oil layers do art historians think Renaissance artists had to apply?
Possibility dozens of layers
What are the major art styles of the 19th century?
Romanticism Realism Impressionism
Lichtenstein
Roy Fox Lichtenstein was an American pop artist. During the 1960s, along with Andy Warhol, Jasper Johns, and James Rosenquist among others, he became a leading figure in the new art movement. His work defined the premise of pop art through parody.
According to the film you watched on the Virgin of the Rocks, what is the sfumato that Leonardo used?
Sfumato refers to the smoky haziness around the figures
Velasquez
Spanish painter and court painter to Philip IV. Important not just for royal portraits but as an important influence on other Baroque painters
According to the film you watched on La Primavera, by Botticelli, what does Primavera mean and who is at the center of this painting?
Spring and Venus
All of the following were cited in this module as contributing to the origins of the Italian Renaissance, except:
The Protestant Reformation
What was Baroque art influenced by (in terms of historical events)?
The Baroque started as a response of the Catholic Church to the many criticisms that arose during the Protestant Reformation in the 16th-century. The seat of the Catholic Church in the Vatican saw in art an opportunity for reconnecting with the people.
Where is Raphael's School of Athens located?
The School of Athens by Raphael is housed in the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican City in Rome, Italy. It is painted in one of the four "Raphael Rooms", namely, the Stanza della Segnatura ("Room of the Segnatura"), what used to be the Pope's study with a library. -today Vatican city
What are the symbols and meaning of Rigaud's painting of Louis XIV?
The black-and-white ermine fur and the blue-and-gold fleur-de-lys are symbols of the French monarchy. The royal sword fastened to his hip represents his military might, and the royal scepter and the crown confirm his royal authority.
What are the characteristics of Futurism?
The characteristics of futurism are a focus on the technical progress of the modern machine age, dynamism, speed, energy, vitality and change. Who created Futurism? Futurism was started by Italian poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, who wrote the Futurist Manifesto.
Qualities of Naturalism
The characteristics of naturalism include a carefully detailed presentation of modern society, often featuring lower-class characters in an urban setting or a panoramic view of a slice of contemporary life; a deterministic philosophy that emphasizes the effects of heredity and environment; characters who act from passion rather than reason and show little insight into their behavior; and plots of decline that show the characters' descent as the inevitable result of the choices they have made.
According to the film you watched, what main biblical stories are shown on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?
The creation of the universe and the earth, the creation of Adam and Eve, stories of Noah
Based on the online interactive you viewed on The Garden of Earthly Delights, what do the knight, the toad and the grail represent in the Purgatory panel?
The knight carries a banner that once represented purity but has now been corrupted by the vanity of the toad; the grail (and pearl) represents his attempt to live a noble life, but ultimate failure
Based on readings in this module, as well as the artworks you viewed, which best summarizes the qualities of Northern Renaissance art?
The use of vivid colors, a focus on textures and details, an interest in symbols
Delacroix
This French painter was important to French Romantic art. He often used his painting to convey a political message, and he is best known for his painting depicting the socialist revolution of 1830: Liberty Leading the People.
Monticello was designed by which president of the United States
Thomas Jefferson
Why is the figure of Christ in the Isenheim Altarpiece so gruesome and contorted?
To make the subject more human and relatable; it was located in a monastery hospital
Van Eyck's Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride
Why is Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride important? "The Arnolfini Marriage" is a name that has been given to this untitled double portrait by Jan van Eyck, now in the National Gallery, London. It is one of the greatest celebrations of human mutuality. Like Rembrandt's "Jewish Bride", this painting reveals to us the inner meaning of a true marriage
what was "The Salon"?
a competitive annual art exhibit held at the Louvre in Paris, meant to showcase the best French artists of the day
an absolute monarch is
a dictator who has absolute control
What is Art Nouveau?
a style of decorative art, architecture, and design prominent in western Europe and the US from about 1890 until World War I and characterized by intricate linear designs and flowing curves based on natural forms.
What is pointillism?
a technique of painting in which small, distinct dots of color are applied in patterns to form an image
which statement is not true regarding site-specific art? -although most installation artists are contemporary, the term "installation" has been in use since the late 1800s -installations are like mini-environments and they can include music, digital projections, traditional artworks, unexpected materials--anything and everything -installation art is related to site-specific art; both are created for a specific location -installations are usually temporary, and they can often create a multi-sensory experience for the viewer
although most installation artists are contemporary, the term "installation" has been in use since the late 1800s
What were the major social/political events that contributed to the developed of artistic movements in the 20th century?
among the factors that shaped modernism were the development of modern industrial societies and the rapid growth of cities, followed by the horror of World War I. Modernism was essentially based on a utopian vision of human life and society and a belief in progress, or moving forward.
What is Performance Art?
an art form that combines visual art with dramatic performance.
What is Conceptual Art?
art in which the idea presented by the artist is considered more important than the finished product, if there is one.
Dada
artistic movement in which artists rejected tradition and produced works that often shocked their viewers
Qualities of Neoclassicism
characterized by clarity of form, sober colors, shallow space, strong horizontal and verticals that render that subject matter timeless (instead of temporal as in the dynamic Baroque works), and Classical subject matter (or classicizing contemporary subject matter)
what type of subject matter did Roy Lichtenstein paint?
comic books
which statement best describes how Russian Constructivism emulated the new communist ideals of Russia/Soviet Union?
constructivism helped Russia/the soviet union to be seen as advanced in terms of technology and engineering
all of the following statements are true about contemporary art, except: -in light of diversity, there is no simple or singular way to define contemporary art -in contemporary art, audiences often play an active role in creating meaning -contemporary artists typically focus on being new, revolutionary, and original -contemporary art reflects a wide range of materials, media, and technologies, as well as opportunities to consider what art is and how it is defined
contemporary artists typically focus on being new, revolutionary, and original
What stylistic characteristics was Caravaggio known for?
extreme use of tenebrism or the intense contrast of light and dark. He often positioned his subject matter in indistinct, shadowy, or sparse settings and introduced dramatic lighting to heighten the scene's emotional intensity
TvF: French baroque started out more opulent in nature and then moved more classical as Louis XIV began his rule
false
Masaccio's Holy Trinity
famous fresco by Masaccio. Noteworthy for inspiration taken from ancient Roman triumphal arches and perspective.
advancements of Donatello's David
first nude since classicism
artists during the baroque age did NOT do what to enhance their imagery and make their images more powerful? -play with and enhance light, shadow and color -use symbols and allegories to communicate power and meaning -flatten the perspective and re-introduce hierarchical scale -increase the drama and theatricality of the piece -leave a space for the viewer in the composition to draw the viewer in
flatten the perspective and re-introduce hierarchical scale
according to the film, where was Van Gogh's starry night painted?
from inside a lunatic asylum
Filippo Marinetti, a writer and poet, began which avant-garde style of the twentieth century?
futurism
Jan Vermeer introduced what style of painting?
genre
according to the film you watched, how much money did Louis XIV spend on Versailles?
half of France's entire GNP
how did Courbet use space in Burial at Ornans?
he pushed all of the figures close to us; they are forced forward by the cliffs
according to the film you watched on readymades, how did Duchamp select his objects (or readymades)?
he said it was the result of being carful not to use his own sense of beauty or aesthetics
according to the film you watched, what is Damian Hirst's view on money and art?
he said that money should enable artists, not drive them
what tool does Chuck Close use in order to create photorealistic images?
he uses the grid system
according to the film you watched, what did artist Kerry James Marshall say about the fabric the figure is wearing in the painting featured in this film?
he wanted to create a type of fabric that didn't have a place in time, because it never existed
the narrators of the film on Seurat's A Sunday on la Grande jatte talked about Seurat's ambition to bring science to painting. Which of the following lists best summarizes the type of science Seurat was interested in?
he was interested in a science of vision and color; he wanted to make his paintings appear brighter and more luminous and so created optical mixtures by dividing color into components
in reference to the film on Saturn Devouring his Son, what do the narrators say about how Saturn was rendered (his flesh)?
his flesh is dissolving; as if in his insanity, he is coming apart
when was the Eiffel tower constructed?
in 1889, for the international exposition
in the film you watched, the interviewer asked Jeff Koons how is work is still art even if he didn't touch it, or make it himself. Which statement best summarizes Koon's response?
in the end, he is responsible for every aspect of his work; he simply created a system to create his work the same way he would have done
according to the narrators of the film you watched, which best describes the brushwork of the Renoir in this Moulin de la Galette?
loose brushwork that captured movement and fluctuating light
How does Manet use brushwork and paint in luncheon on the grass? the narrators of the film referenced which of the following in relationship to this painting?
manet let the viewer see the paint itself; he used different kinds of paint (loose, diluted, washes, clumps)
the artistic movement that opposed rococo was?
naturalism
What does avant-garde mean?
new and unusual or experimental ideas
which of the following statements in NOT true regarding performance art? -the definition of performance art is often contested -performance art is interdisciplinary -performance art is considered to be a type of performing art, like music, dance, and theatre -Marina Abramovich creates performance art, such as her 2010 work, The artist is present
performance art is considered to be a type of performing art, like music, dance, and theatre
what are the two different types of pop art?
pop art made in America for America and pop art made in Britain about America
which of the following eighteenth and nineteenth-century advancements in materials and mediums were mentioned in the readings for this module?
prefabricated watercolor cakes, oil paint tubes, photography, improved printing technologies
what does the term "Renaissance" mean? What type of art does it refer to?
rebirth the revival of art and literature under the influence of classical models in the 14th-16th centuries
according to the module, all of the statements below about rococo are true, except? -the term "rococo" was derived from the French word rocaille, which was a popular decorative garden design made with shells -Boffrand, a rococo designer, was influenced by the hall of Mirrors of Versailles -rococo began shortly after the death of Louis XIV in 1715 -rococo design is often described as being heavy and opulent, in contrast to the light and playful style of French Baroque
rococo design is often described as being heavy and opulent, in contrast to the light and playful style of French Baroque
in the artwork cut piece, what did artist Yoko Ono do?
she knelt on the stage with a pair of scissors in front of her and instructed the audience to cut off her clothing; thus making a commentary on gender, identity, and culture
What is foreshortening?
showing an object at a dramatically projecting or receding angle the technique of depicting an object or human body in a picture so as to produce an illusion of projection or extension in space.
The catholic church was hoping to do what with the imagery of the Italian baroque age?
solidify the pope's stewardship of the catholic church
the revolution with similar visual and ideological backgrounds to the French revolution was:
the American revolution
according to the film you watched, what point of view did artist want to use in Ten Thousand Waves and how did he achieve this?
the Chinese people seen through the goddess Mazu
What are the characteristics of Realism?
the accurate, detailed, unembellished depiction of nature or of contemporary life. Realism rejects imaginative idealization in favour of a close observation of outward appearances. As such, realism in its broad sense has comprised many artistic currents in different civilizations.
according to the film you watched, how was Donald Judd's Untitled made?
the boxes were made in a factory, and thus have a machine aesthetic
according to the film you watched on David's The lictors returning to Brutus the bodies of his sons, why did Brutus sentence his sons to death?
the committed treason by attempting to restore the monarch to Rome
the average populous of seventeenth and eighteenth century Europe could not fully comprehend written words and language, because:
the literacy rate averaged around 48% for males and 14% for females
what is one of the main differences between contemporary activist/protest art verses propagandistic art of the past?
the message of contemporary artists moves from the grassroots up, rather than from political authority down
according to the film you watched on conceptual art, what did the narrator say was probably the single most important art idea of the twentieth century?
the notion that anything could be a work of art
Manet
Édouard Manet was a French modernist painter. He was one of the first 19th-century artists to paint modern life, and a pivotal figure in the transition from Realism to Impressionism.
What is synesthesia?
the production of a sense impression relating to one sense or part of the body by stimulation of another sense or part of the body.
in the film on The death of Sardanapalus, the narrators assert that Delacroix turned "every classical rule on its head"? Which of the following points were mentioned in support of this statement?
the space is filled up; writhing movement, everything spills into our space
according tot he module, which statement best summarizes the goals of impressionism?
to capture light and color in the instant moment
Paul Gauguin
used the technique into flat shapes, which emphasized color, line and design. post impressionist
according to the film you watched, why do we see pinholes in Matisse's cutouts?
when they were first created, Matisse asked his studio assistants to arrange the compositions by tacking them to the walls with small pins
What is expressionism?
• Opposed to naturalism • Employs distortion and abstraction • Renders the subjective in a supposedly objective manner o Renders the internal (subjective/psyche) in an external fashion (art, film) o It is the use of mise-en-scene and cinematography 'to image' (as a verb) fantastic realities The idea that we can 'image' the unknown Like the majority of German art at this time, Expressionism was in part a struggle of identity—for individuals and country. lots of dark lighting
