art 112 lecture 11 exam #2

Jot down some notes on the style of this fresco. What aspects of the style are characteristic of art in the Renaissance?

-Triumphal Arch -Linear Perspective (new invention, created by Brunelleschi in the early 1400s; a system for for creating the illusion of 3D on a 2D plane; use of a perspective grid for creating a natural diminution of depicted forms in illusionistic space; the system is based on the optical fact that objects of the same size appear to get smaller at a constant rate as they get farther from the viewer) -Arch that lands on a little bit of molding -Arch framed by capitals -Up above, the architrave, frieze, and cornice

Describe how the various objects that appear in Campin's Merodé Triptych symbolize concepts connected to Mary's purity, the Incarnation, and the place of Christ in the doctrine of salvation:

1. Metal kettle, refers to virgin Mary as the vessel of who brought salvation and Jesus to life 2. Towel, symbol of purity, christ coming to wash away the sins of humanity 3. Flowers, two formed flowers and one yet to form, notion of the trinity, closed flower represents the son 4. Scroll, reference to new testament (Gods relation to Hebrews) and old testament (Jesus of Nazareth), reference to new testament having more influence 5. Blown out candle, reference to Christs arrival to the world, divine light replaces physical light 6. Beams of golden light with baby Jesus, on the cross to fulfill gods promise of salvation to humanity 7. Mouse traps, Jesus described as trap set by god

Botticelli's Birth of Venus was most likely owned by Lorenzo di Pier Francesco de' Medici. Lorenzo's private tutor was a scholar named Marsilio Ficino, who focused on the study of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato. This means that Ficino was: 1. A painter 2. A preacher 3. A humanist

A humanist

In the context of Renaissance culture what is a 'humanist'? 1. A person who makes art for a living 2. A person who devotes themselves to spreading religious ideas by preaching 3. A person who studies the literature and history of ancient Greece and Rome

A person who studies the literature and history of ancient Greece and Rome

Girolamo Savonarola was: 1. A Florentine banker 2. A Neo-Platonist philosopher 3. A preacher

A preacher

Where was this painting (Jan van Eyck, Ghent Altarpiece) originally located? 1. In the home of a member of a wealthy family 2. Above an altar in the cathedral of the city of Ghent 3. In the city hall of Ghent

Above an altar in the cathedral of the city of Ghent

The opposite of 'realism' is: 1. Naturalism 2. Abstraction 3. Idealism

Abstraction

This painting (Jan van Eyck, Ghent Altarpiece) served as: 1. An image used for private devotion 2. An altarpiece in a church

An altarpiece in a church

This painting (Robert Campin, Annunciation, Merodé Triptych) served as: 1. An image used for private devotion 2. An altarpiece in a church 3. A decoration for the government headquarters of Ghent(Robert Campin, Annunciation, Merodé Triptych)

An image used for private devotion

An inscription on the base of the marble statue: 1. Dedicates the statue to the Medici family 2. Dedicates the statue to a monastery in exchange for the prayers of the monks 3. Asks God for help in protecting the Florentine Republic from its enemies

Asks God for help in protecting the Florentine Republic from its enemies

The perspectival technique used here (Jan van Eyck, Ghent Altarpiece) to create an effect of depth and distance by making part of the landscape lighter and more blue in color is called: 1. Atmospheric perspective 2. Diminution 3. Linear perspective

Atmospheric perspective

What characteristic did Florence and Flanders have in common, which helps explain the burst of artistic innovation in both places in the 1400s? 1. Both were located on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, and were therefore near to the archeological remains of Rome 2. Both were extremely wealthy thanks to their leadership in the European banking industry

Both were extremely wealthy thanks to their leadership in the European banking industry

Which of the following is true about the relationship between Campin's Annunciation and Sandro Botticelli's Annunciation? 1. Campinb's has a predella, while Botticelli's does not 2. Campin's painting employs linear perspective, while Botticelli's does not 3. Botticelli's painting is more idealized, while Campin's displays touches of realism

Botticelli's painting is more idealized, while Campin's displays touches of realism

The perspectival technique that was used for the first time in this painting (Masaccio, The Holy Trinity with the Virgin, St. John and Two Donors) was invented by: 1. Masaccio 2. Alberti 3. Brunelleschi

Brunelleschi

When Botticelli became a follower of Girolamo Savonarola, he: 1. Gave Savonarola a painting of Venus, shown nude 2. Burned nude paintings that he had made, out of fear that they were sinful 3. Helped to condemn Savonarola to death

Burned nude paintings that he had made, out of fear that they were sinful

What aspects of the style of Botticelli's painting are characteristic of Vasari's second age of art, also known as the Early Renaissance? 1. The naturalism of the figures 2. The use of linear perspective 3. Classical design elements 4. All of the above

Classical design elements

The muscular build or body type of the figure of Christ in Masaccio's painting is a stylistic feature that shows the influence of: 1. Classical, Greco-Roman art 2. Gothic, High Medieval art

Classical, Greco-Roman art

Both of these statues (donatello david) were made by: 1. Alberti 2. Brunelleschi 3. Donatello

Donatello

Thinking now about the significance (The third "S") of Botticelli's Birth of Venus, how might Lorenzo di Pier Francesco de' Medici's understanding of the painting been shaped by the letter that his tutor Marsilio Ficino gave him to read? 1. Ficino's letter would have encouraged Lorenzo to see the painting Platonically, as a manifestation of virtue made evident through the human body 2. ... to see the nudity in the painting as a morally wicked provocation to the sin of lust

Ficino's letter would have encouraged Lorenzo to see the painting Platonically, as a manifestation of virtue made evident through the human body

Jan van Eyck was from: 1. Germany 2. Italy 3. Flanders 4. France

Flanders

Based on what you know about Italian and Flemish art in the fifteenth-century, where are you most likely to find art that depicts the light reflecting off, or passing through, translucent materials like water, glass or gem stones? 1. In Italian art 2. In Flemish art

Flemish

Based on what you know about Italian and Flemish art in the fifteenth-century, where are you most likely to find art with an extremely high level of visual detail? 1. In Italian art 2. In Flemish art

Flemish

Based on what you know about Italian and Flemish art in the fifteenth-century, where are you most likely to find art with touches of realism? 1. In Italian art 2. In Flemish art

Flemish

Robert Campin was: 1. Flemish 2. French 3. Italian 4. English

Flemish

What does the reflection in that jewel tell us about van Eyck, and Flemish art more generally? 1. Flemish artists were interested in imitating the Classical style of the ancient Greeks and Romans 2. Flemish artists began using linear perspective before Italian artists did 3. Flemish artists were particularly interested in minute and subtle visual details, especially the effects of light

Flemish artists were particularly interested in minute and subtle visual details, especially the effects of light

Which of the following is NOT true about the relationship between 15th-century Italian and Flemish painting? 1. Flemish painting tends to be more idealized than Italian painting 2. Flemish artists began to use oil paint before Italians did 3. Flemish painting tends to contain more symbolism than Italian painting 4. Flemish painting is less influenced by Greco-Roman antiquity than Italian painting

Flemish painting tends to be more idealized than Italian painting

The style of the frame on Botticelli's Annunciation corresponds most closely to which style of architecture? 1. Egyptian 2. Greco-Roman 3. Gothic

Greco-Roman

When this painting (Robert Campin, Annunciation, Merodé Triptych) was made, the Italian invention of linear perspective: 1. Was being used by Flemish artists 2. Had not yet arrived in Flanders, and was not being used by Flemish artists

Had not yet arrived in Flanders, and was not being used by Flemish artists

Where are you most likely to find 'realism' in 15th-century European art? 1. In Italian art 2. In Flemish art

In Flemish Art

Where was this painting (Robert Campin, Annunciation, Merodé Triptych) originally located? 1. In the home of a member of a wealthy Flemish family 2. Above an altar in the cathedral of the city of Ghent 3. In the city hall of Ghent

In the home of a member of a wealthy Flemish family

The miracle of Jesus's conception, when "God became flesh", is called the: 1. Trinity 2. Immaculate Conception 3. Incarnation

Incarnation

What is it about the iconography of this painting (Sandro Botticelli, The Birth of Venus) that makes it Classical? 1. It depicts a goddess from Greco-Roman mythology 2. It depicts a figure in the contropposto pose, which is a characteristic of the Classical style 3. The painting would have provoked a hostile response from anti-nude critics

It depicts a figure in the contropposto pose, which is a characteristic of the Classical style

Compared to the marble statue, the bronze one is: 1. Later and more Gothic in style 2. Earlier and more Gothic in style 3. Later and more Greco-Roman in style 4. Earlier and more Greco-Roman in style

Later and more Greco-Roman in style

The perspectival technique that was used for the first time in this painting (Masaccio, The Holy Trinity with the Virgin, St. John and Two Donors) is called: 1. Atmospheric perspective 2. Diminution 3. Linear perspective

Linear perspective

Compare Donatello's marble David to his bronze David. What stylistic aspects of the bronze David show it to be a work of Renaissance art, and what stylistic aspects of the marble David show that it belongs to an earlier pre-Renaissance phase of art?

Marble: Gothic sway, gothic built face Bronze: Greco-roman bronze usage, classical ideal male nudity, arm bending not awkward, roman stance with contropostto posing, similar to Victorious Youth

Donatello lived in Florence at the same time of: 1. Masaccio and Brunelleschi 2. Giotto and Cimabue

Masaccio and Brunelleschi

An altarpiece is a work of art that is most closely related to which of the following aspects of Christian worship and ritual? 1. Mass 2. Baptism 3. Pilgrimage

Mass

The style of Christ's physiognomy in this painting (Masaccio, The Holy Trinity with the Virgin, St. John and Two Donors) represents a general trend in 15th-century Italian art toward increased: 1. Naturalism 2. Abstraction

Naturalism

This medium of this painting (Robert Campin, Annunciation, Merodé Triptych) is: 1. Fresco 2. Oil paint 3. Tempera paint

Oil Paint

This medium of this work (Jan van Eyck, Ghent Altarpiece) is: 1. Fresco 2. Oil paint 3. Tempera paint

Oil Paint

Both of these statues (donatello david) depict: 1. An Old Testament hero 2. A New Testament hero 3. A Roman god 4. A Greek athlete

Old Testament

Where was this painting (Sandro Botticelli, Annunciation) originally located? 1. In the home of a member of the Medici family 2. In the headquarters of the republican government of Florence 3. On the altar of a private side chapel in a Florentine church

On the altar of a private side chapel in a Florentine church

The subject of this painting (Sandro Botticelli, The Birth of Venus) was inspired by a painting from ancient Greece described in the writings of which author? 1. Plato 2. Aristotle 3. Pliny

Pliny

Many altarpieces have a horizontal strip along their lower edge that can contain inscriptions, narrative scenes or coats of arms. What is this strip called? 1. A predella 2. A giornata 3. A fresco

Predella

How might Lorenzo di Pier Francesco de' Medici's understanding of the painting could have been shaped by the excerpt from the sermon by Girolamo Savonarola that we read? 1. Savonarola's sermon would have encouraged Lorenzo to see the painting Platonically, as a manifestation of virtue made evident through the human body 2. Savonarola's sermon would have encouraged Lorenzo to see the nudity in the painting as a morally wicked provocation to the sin of lust

Savonarola's sermon would have encouraged Lorenzo to see the nudity in the painting as a morally wicked provocation to the sin of lust

The fact that Donatello's bronze David is a 'Renaissance' work is primarily shown by the bronze statue's: 1. Subject matter 2. Style

Style

The fact that this (Masaccio, The Holy Trinity with the Virgin, St. John and Two Donors) is a 'Renaissance' work is primarily shown by the work's: 1. Subject matter, because paintings depicting Jesus were not common before the Renaissance 2. Style, because classical architecture and idealized, athletic human anatomy were not common in Christian art before the Renaissance

Subject matter, because paintings depicting Jesus were not common before the Renaissance

Which of the following is a quality that can be perceived by touch, as well as by sight? 1. Texture 2. Color

Texture

Beginning in the Early Renaissance, it became popular for artists to "quote" famous works of art from antiquity. In the figure of Venus, Masaccio "quotes" the famous ancient Greek statue known as: 1. The Aphrodite of Knidos 2. The Laocoon 3. Discobolos

The Aphrodite of Knidos

Which of the following architectural structures is the architecture in this painting (Masaccio, The Holy Trinity with the Virgin, St. John and Two Donors) based on? 1. The Gothic pointed arch 2. The Classical temple front 3. The Classical triumphal arch

The Classical triumphal arch

The biblical figure David was seen as a symbol of liberty and religious piety by the people of: 1. The Florentine republic 2. The duchy of Milan 3. The duchy of Mantua

The Florentine republic

The bench the Virgin Mary sits on, and the niche with the kettle at the back of the room, exhibit the characteristic forms of which architectural style (Robert Campin, Annunciation, Merodé Triptych)? 1. The Classical style 2. The Gothic style

The Gothic Style

The original source for the story of the Annunciation is: 1. The Old Testament 2. The New Testament 3. Dante's Divine Comedy

The New Testament

The original location of Donatello's marble David was: 1. The exterior of Florence Cathedral 2. The headquarters of the republican government of Florence 3. The home of a member of the Medici family

The exterior of Florence Cathedral

What aspect of the bronze statue could have been perceived as a threat to Christian doctrine and values? 1. The figure's sensuous nude body 2. The statue's subject matter 3. The violence implied by the severed head of Goliath

The figure's sensuous nude body

The bronze statue has the distinction of being: 1. The first work of Renaissance art to return to the Greco-Roman style 2. The first freestanding nude statue since ancient times

The first freestanding nude statue since ancient times

The original location of this painting (Sandro Botticelli, The Birth of Venus) was: 1. The exterior of Florence Cathedral 2. The headquarters of the republican government of Florence 3. The home of a member of the Medici family

The home of a member of the Medici family

What are the arma Christi? 1. The object used to inflict physical pain on Christ at the time of the Crucifixion 2. A fountain symbolizing Christ as the source of eternal life

The object used to inflict physical pain on Christ at the time of the Crucifixion

The Medici family were: 1. A family of distinguished artists, who produced many of the most iconic works of the Early Italian Renaissance 2. The richest and most powerful banking family in the city of Florence during the 1400s

The richest and most powerful banking family in the city of Florence during the 1400s

To which of Giorgio Vasari's three 'ages' of Italian art does Sandro Botticelli belong? 1. The first age 2. The second age 3. The third age

The second age

What is reflected in the jewel worn by one of the angels in this painting (Jan van Eyck, Ghent Altarpiece)? 1. The face of God 2. The face of Mary 3. The window of the chapel in which the painting was located

The window of the chapel in which the painting was located

What is the Italian word meaning 'grace' or 'gracefulness' that Italian Renaissance authors used to describe the quality of fluid, balanced figure poses and compositions in art? 1. fresco 2. giornata 3. grazia

grazia

Flemish art tends to contain more complex iconography and symbolism by comparison to Italian art: 1. True 2. False

true