Art appreciation final

flying buttress

consists of a strut or arch segment running from a freestanding pier to an outer wall

lost wax casting

technique for casting sculptures or other objects in metal

assemblage

technique of creating a sculpture by grouping or piecing together distinct elements

which of the following are examples of the nomadic dwelling involving fabric architecture ?

tents, yurts

transept

the arm of a cruciform church perpendicular to the nave

capital

the decorative sculpted block surmounting a column

rotunda

open, cylendrical, interior space, usually covered by a dome

kouros

"youth" or "boy" used for numerous sculptures of nude youth

corbeling

A construction technique, in which layers of flat stones are piled one upon the other, with each layer projecting slightly inward as the wall rises.

pendentive

A curving, triangular section that serves as a transition between a dome and the four walls of a rectangular building

lintel

A horizontal beam used to span an opening.

Daguerreotype

A light sensitive copper plate coated with silver iodide

narthex

A porch or vestibule of a church, entry way

Contrapposto

A pose that suggests the potential for movement, and thus life, in a standing human figure. Developed by sculptures in ancient Greece, contrapposto places the figures weight on one foot, setting off a series of adjustments to the hips and shoulders that produces an "S" curve.

portico

A projecting porch with a roof supported by columns, often marking the entrance to a building.

arcade

A series of arches supported by piers or columns.

auteur

French for "author". The word describes a film-maker

Hellenistic

Greek-like or based on greek culture

pop art

Imagery from popular, mass-produced culture; mundane; over familiar objects if daily life to give them new meanings

terra cotta

Italian for "baked earth." A ceramic ware, usually reddish, fired in the low temperature ranges and somewhat porous and fragile; earthenware.

Entablature

The horizontal structure supported by capitals and supporting in turn the pediment or roof.

entasis

The slight swelling or bulge built into the center of a column to make the column seem straight visually.

stained glass

The technique of creating images or decorations from precisely cut pieces of colored glass held together with strips of lead.

cornice

The uppermost element of an entablature

in whose lab was the 1st genuine motion pictures created in 1894?

Thomas Edison

dome

a convex, evenly curved roof; arch rotated at 360 degrees on its vertical axis; may be hemispherical

aisle

a passageway flanking a central area, in a basilica or cathedral aisles flank the nave

apse

a semicircular, protruding niche at one or both ends of the nave in a basilica

by what is the weight of a suspension bridge primarily supported

a series of steel cables

pier

a vertical support that holds up an arch or a vault

Which characteristics best describe synthetic resin as a sculptural matenical?

a wide range of colored pigment that can be added to incorporated the appearance of more traditional sculptural material can be mimicked

tensile strength

ability of a material to withstand tension and to span horizontal distances without continuous support from beneath

Cassidy Curtis uses the website Graffiti archeology to do what ?

allow visitors to view progressive photos of graffiti work

Land art

also known as earth art or earthwork

what is the one advantage of reinforced concrete construction ?

an ability to be molded into nearly any shape or form

assembling

an assembled structure

relief

anything that projects from a background

In the 1960s the link between design and manufacturing using computer technology was pioneered by which industries?

automotive, aeronautic, and electronics

Romanesque

based on ancient roman precedents, emphasizes round arch and barrel vault

what specific guide lines are used to control the appearances of business marketing material is a lay out and color

brand identity

what structural feature rein forces and supports the outward thrusts of arches from the outside?

butresses

what device was developed during the renaissance to harness the principles of light as observed by the mathematician alhazen ?

camera obscure

plastic

capable of being molded or shaped as clay; acrylic

mold

casting containing a shaped void in which liquid metal, clay, or other material may be cast

which features of this work rely on rows of stones that extend over each other until the opening is bridged?

corbelled domes

drum

cylindrical walls as a base for a dome

lay out

disposition of text and images on a paper or the overall design of typographic elements on a page, spread, or book.

what did the crystal palace in hyde park, London do?

established the success of cast iron as a building material

buttresses

exterior support that counteracts the outward thrusts of an arch dome or walls

high relief

figures project substantially from the background

what media are known to be the 1st to record and project moveable images ?

film and video

groin vault

formed by the intersection of two barrel vaults of equal size at right angles

which architect used digital design and fabrication to create works such as the Guggenheim museum bilbao?

frank Gehry

R. Buckminster Fuller developed the

geodesic dome

archaic

history of ancient Greece; leading characteristics of greek art that can be seen at earliest form

freize

horizontal band of a relief sculpture or painted decoration

suspension

horizontal element is supported from above by means of slender vertical cables attached to a thick main cable that describes a parabolic curve between two towers

cantilever

horizontal structure supported at one end only with the other projecting towards space

type face

in graphic design , a style of type

carving

in sculpture, a technique in which a mass of material such as stone or wood is shaped by cutting and or abrasion; a work made by this method

because the industrial revolution allowed for mass production ,the use of graphic design for commercial purposes?

increased

which is not an advantage of balloon-frame contruction?

it can be built to conceivably infeinte heights

what does the use of the bracket set and the stepped truss system do in eastern architecture ?

it distributes the weight of the roof evenly across a series of columns

why do much ancient art that still exist in the 21st century made of terra cotta?

it was surprisingly durable

earth work

large in scale , made in a landscape using rocks and dirt

which are basic requirments for the photographic process ?

lens to focus and refract light an opening to admit light

low relief figures

projects minimally such as a coin

what sets include common community buildings?

schools, courthouses, libraries, and hospitals

louis borgeois's maman is an example of what kind of sculpture ?

sculpture in the round

doric order

shaft of the column may be smooth or fluted; does not have a base; the capital is rounded stone disk supporting a plain rectangular slab

volute

spiral, scroll like ornament such as capital of columns in iconic order

basilica

standard type of rectangular building with a large, open interior; used for judicial purposes as well as church

what type of skeleton and skin construction is shown?

steel frame

gothic

style of art and architecture that flourished in Europe

what is the draw back of load barring construction?

the inability to insert large openings such as windows or walls

architrave

the lowest band of the enableature

casting

the process of making a sculpture or some other object by pouring a liquid into a mold, letting it harden, and then releasing it; common items include bronze, plaster, clay, and synthetic resins

iconic order

the shaft is fluted and rests on a stepped base

nave

the taller space flanked by aisles

what is the purpose of green architecture ?

to create a healthier and less wasteful human habitat

Clerestory

topmost part of a wall, extending above flanking elements such as aisles, and set with windows to admit light

pediment

triangular element supported by the column of a portico, over a door or window

Thomson

used a hubble space telescope photo and manipulated it on an imaging software

substrata

uses comic book photos and layers them which creates a blurred effect

when deciding on the structural system for building _____ and ______ are the first considerations

weight ; tensile strength

logotype

word mark

coffer

A recessed, geometrical panel in a ceiling, often used in multiples as a decorative element.

post and lintel

A structural system based on two or more uprights supporting a horizontal crosspiece.

international style

A style that prevailed after World War II ; clean lines

Keystone

A wedge-shaped stone placed in the crown of an arch.

barrel vault

An arched masonry structure or roof that spans an interior space half round arched

hypostyle

An interior space filled with rows of columns that serve to support the roof.

symbol

an image or sign that represents something else, because of convention , association, and resemblance

Dada

an international art movement that emerged during WW1; did not make sense or provide comfort; anti-art that emphasized absurdity. irrationally , chance, whimsy, irony, childishness

bas relief

anything that projects from a background; sculpture in which figures are attached to a background and project from it to some degree

Geodesic Dome

architectural structure invented by fuller based on triangles arranged in to tetrahedrons

vault

armed masonry structure or roof that spans interior space

typography

arrangement and appearances of printed letter forms

installation

art form in which an entire room or similar space is treated as a work of art to be entered and experienced

the use of found objects as sculptural material is an example of what type of sculptural ten?

assembling

Hoch

combo of images and letters from printed sources to portray experience of a modern city with lots of people and machines ; similar to a collage

wordmark

logo that consists of text name of company, institution or product

earth art

made in a landscape from natural elements found here such as rocks and dirt

modeling

manipulating a plastic material such as clay or wax to create a form

classical

middle period of ancient Greece civilization; any art that emphasize rational order, balance, harmony, and restraint, especially if it models ancient Greece and Rome

bay

modular unit of space, generally cubic and generally defined by four supporting piers or columns

a circular opening at the top of a dome is called the

oculus

which development brought about the concept of photo journalism ( 1900)?

photomechanical reproduction

cable-staying

structural system in which a horizontal element is supported from above by means of cables that rise diagonally to attach to a vertical mast or tower

taking a block of marble and carving a human figure out of it is considered to be what kind of sculptural process ?

subtractive

Adobe

sun-dried brick made of clay mixed with straw

what does the keystone do?

supports the downward and outward thrust of the rounded aron

order

system of standardized types

Corinthian order

system of standerized types;three orders pertain: doric, iconic, Corinthian ; most distinguished by columns

in the round

work fully finished on all sides and standing free of a background

Barbra kruger combined which two aspects of graphic design to influence how viewers interpreted her work ?

world and image