Art appreciation final
flying buttress
consists of a strut or arch segment running from a freestanding pier to an outer wall
lost wax casting
technique for casting sculptures or other objects in metal
assemblage
technique of creating a sculpture by grouping or piecing together distinct elements
which of the following are examples of the nomadic dwelling involving fabric architecture ?
tents, yurts
transept
the arm of a cruciform church perpendicular to the nave
capital
the decorative sculpted block surmounting a column
rotunda
open, cylendrical, interior space, usually covered by a dome
kouros
"youth" or "boy" used for numerous sculptures of nude youth
corbeling
A construction technique, in which layers of flat stones are piled one upon the other, with each layer projecting slightly inward as the wall rises.
pendentive
A curving, triangular section that serves as a transition between a dome and the four walls of a rectangular building
lintel
A horizontal beam used to span an opening.
Daguerreotype
A light sensitive copper plate coated with silver iodide
narthex
A porch or vestibule of a church, entry way
Contrapposto
A pose that suggests the potential for movement, and thus life, in a standing human figure. Developed by sculptures in ancient Greece, contrapposto places the figures weight on one foot, setting off a series of adjustments to the hips and shoulders that produces an "S" curve.
portico
A projecting porch with a roof supported by columns, often marking the entrance to a building.
arcade
A series of arches supported by piers or columns.
auteur
French for "author". The word describes a film-maker
Hellenistic
Greek-like or based on greek culture
pop art
Imagery from popular, mass-produced culture; mundane; over familiar objects if daily life to give them new meanings
terra cotta
Italian for "baked earth." A ceramic ware, usually reddish, fired in the low temperature ranges and somewhat porous and fragile; earthenware.
Entablature
The horizontal structure supported by capitals and supporting in turn the pediment or roof.
entasis
The slight swelling or bulge built into the center of a column to make the column seem straight visually.
stained glass
The technique of creating images or decorations from precisely cut pieces of colored glass held together with strips of lead.
cornice
The uppermost element of an entablature
in whose lab was the 1st genuine motion pictures created in 1894?
Thomas Edison
dome
a convex, evenly curved roof; arch rotated at 360 degrees on its vertical axis; may be hemispherical
aisle
a passageway flanking a central area, in a basilica or cathedral aisles flank the nave
apse
a semicircular, protruding niche at one or both ends of the nave in a basilica
by what is the weight of a suspension bridge primarily supported
a series of steel cables
pier
a vertical support that holds up an arch or a vault
Which characteristics best describe synthetic resin as a sculptural matenical?
a wide range of colored pigment that can be added to incorporated the appearance of more traditional sculptural material can be mimicked
tensile strength
ability of a material to withstand tension and to span horizontal distances without continuous support from beneath
Cassidy Curtis uses the website Graffiti archeology to do what ?
allow visitors to view progressive photos of graffiti work
Land art
also known as earth art or earthwork
what is the one advantage of reinforced concrete construction ?
an ability to be molded into nearly any shape or form
assembling
an assembled structure
relief
anything that projects from a background
In the 1960s the link between design and manufacturing using computer technology was pioneered by which industries?
automotive, aeronautic, and electronics
Romanesque
based on ancient roman precedents, emphasizes round arch and barrel vault
what specific guide lines are used to control the appearances of business marketing material is a lay out and color
brand identity
what structural feature rein forces and supports the outward thrusts of arches from the outside?
butresses
what device was developed during the renaissance to harness the principles of light as observed by the mathematician alhazen ?
camera obscure
plastic
capable of being molded or shaped as clay; acrylic
mold
casting containing a shaped void in which liquid metal, clay, or other material may be cast
which features of this work rely on rows of stones that extend over each other until the opening is bridged?
corbelled domes
drum
cylindrical walls as a base for a dome
lay out
disposition of text and images on a paper or the overall design of typographic elements on a page, spread, or book.
what did the crystal palace in hyde park, London do?
established the success of cast iron as a building material
buttresses
exterior support that counteracts the outward thrusts of an arch dome or walls
high relief
figures project substantially from the background
what media are known to be the 1st to record and project moveable images ?
film and video
groin vault
formed by the intersection of two barrel vaults of equal size at right angles
which architect used digital design and fabrication to create works such as the Guggenheim museum bilbao?
frank Gehry
R. Buckminster Fuller developed the
geodesic dome
archaic
history of ancient Greece; leading characteristics of greek art that can be seen at earliest form
freize
horizontal band of a relief sculpture or painted decoration
suspension
horizontal element is supported from above by means of slender vertical cables attached to a thick main cable that describes a parabolic curve between two towers
cantilever
horizontal structure supported at one end only with the other projecting towards space
type face
in graphic design , a style of type
carving
in sculpture, a technique in which a mass of material such as stone or wood is shaped by cutting and or abrasion; a work made by this method
because the industrial revolution allowed for mass production ,the use of graphic design for commercial purposes?
increased
which is not an advantage of balloon-frame contruction?
it can be built to conceivably infeinte heights
what does the use of the bracket set and the stepped truss system do in eastern architecture ?
it distributes the weight of the roof evenly across a series of columns
why do much ancient art that still exist in the 21st century made of terra cotta?
it was surprisingly durable
earth work
large in scale , made in a landscape using rocks and dirt
which are basic requirments for the photographic process ?
lens to focus and refract light an opening to admit light
low relief figures
projects minimally such as a coin
what sets include common community buildings?
schools, courthouses, libraries, and hospitals
louis borgeois's maman is an example of what kind of sculpture ?
sculpture in the round
doric order
shaft of the column may be smooth or fluted; does not have a base; the capital is rounded stone disk supporting a plain rectangular slab
volute
spiral, scroll like ornament such as capital of columns in iconic order
basilica
standard type of rectangular building with a large, open interior; used for judicial purposes as well as church
what type of skeleton and skin construction is shown?
steel frame
gothic
style of art and architecture that flourished in Europe
what is the draw back of load barring construction?
the inability to insert large openings such as windows or walls
architrave
the lowest band of the enableature
casting
the process of making a sculpture or some other object by pouring a liquid into a mold, letting it harden, and then releasing it; common items include bronze, plaster, clay, and synthetic resins
iconic order
the shaft is fluted and rests on a stepped base
nave
the taller space flanked by aisles
what is the purpose of green architecture ?
to create a healthier and less wasteful human habitat
Clerestory
topmost part of a wall, extending above flanking elements such as aisles, and set with windows to admit light
pediment
triangular element supported by the column of a portico, over a door or window
Thomson
used a hubble space telescope photo and manipulated it on an imaging software
substrata
uses comic book photos and layers them which creates a blurred effect
when deciding on the structural system for building _____ and ______ are the first considerations
weight ; tensile strength
logotype
word mark
coffer
A recessed, geometrical panel in a ceiling, often used in multiples as a decorative element.
post and lintel
A structural system based on two or more uprights supporting a horizontal crosspiece.
international style
A style that prevailed after World War II ; clean lines
Keystone
A wedge-shaped stone placed in the crown of an arch.
barrel vault
An arched masonry structure or roof that spans an interior space half round arched
hypostyle
An interior space filled with rows of columns that serve to support the roof.
symbol
an image or sign that represents something else, because of convention , association, and resemblance
Dada
an international art movement that emerged during WW1; did not make sense or provide comfort; anti-art that emphasized absurdity. irrationally , chance, whimsy, irony, childishness
bas relief
anything that projects from a background; sculpture in which figures are attached to a background and project from it to some degree
Geodesic Dome
architectural structure invented by fuller based on triangles arranged in to tetrahedrons
vault
armed masonry structure or roof that spans interior space
typography
arrangement and appearances of printed letter forms
installation
art form in which an entire room or similar space is treated as a work of art to be entered and experienced
the use of found objects as sculptural material is an example of what type of sculptural ten?
assembling
Hoch
combo of images and letters from printed sources to portray experience of a modern city with lots of people and machines ; similar to a collage
wordmark
logo that consists of text name of company, institution or product
earth art
made in a landscape from natural elements found here such as rocks and dirt
modeling
manipulating a plastic material such as clay or wax to create a form
classical
middle period of ancient Greece civilization; any art that emphasize rational order, balance, harmony, and restraint, especially if it models ancient Greece and Rome
bay
modular unit of space, generally cubic and generally defined by four supporting piers or columns
a circular opening at the top of a dome is called the
oculus
which development brought about the concept of photo journalism ( 1900)?
photomechanical reproduction
cable-staying
structural system in which a horizontal element is supported from above by means of cables that rise diagonally to attach to a vertical mast or tower
taking a block of marble and carving a human figure out of it is considered to be what kind of sculptural process ?
subtractive
Adobe
sun-dried brick made of clay mixed with straw
what does the keystone do?
supports the downward and outward thrust of the rounded aron
order
system of standardized types
Corinthian order
system of standerized types;three orders pertain: doric, iconic, Corinthian ; most distinguished by columns
in the round
work fully finished on all sides and standing free of a background
Barbra kruger combined which two aspects of graphic design to influence how viewers interpreted her work ?
world and image