Art Appreciation Midterm

This artist proved that his system for creating depth was effective through an elaborate process that involved a painting with a hole, a mirror, and the Florence Baptistery. The viewer would look through the back of the painting of the Florence Baptistery while the mirror reflected it, then, when the mirror was removed, the viewer could see the actual building. Who was this artist and innovator?

Brunelleschi

The three kinds of unity are:

Compositional, Conceptual, Gestalt

Artists can use _______________ to organize the elements in a work and draw our attention to areas of emphasis and focal points.

Direction, Dramatic Contrasts, Line, Placement

A shape made of perfectly straight lines would probably be classified as ________ shape.

a geometric

The ancient Greeks designed the Parthenon according to the idealized rules of proportion for the human body, creating ________ design.

a harmonious

A shape on a flat picture surface that is defined by surrounding empty space is known as ______________________.

a positive shape

Physicists have explained that when we see a color, it is the portion of the light spectrum that a surface fails to ______________.

absorb

When we touch an object we experience a tactile sensation that artists refer to as ________ texture.

actual

This kind of motion is occurring when we see movement in real life.

actual motion

When using a series of squares that are exactly the same shape, implied depth can be achieved by ________.

alternating value, relative size, overlapping, relative position

A line that gives viewers the impression that they are seeing a line where there is not a continuous mark is _______________.

an implied line

________ volume is a space that is enclosed by materials that are not entirely solid.

an open

Colors that do not contrast strongly with each other, and which are similar in wavelength, are ________ colors.

analogous

Disney's Finding Nemo is an example of a series of computer-generated images played in rapid succession. This medium is called ________.

animation

When objects are far away they lack contrast, detail, and sharpness of focus because of the interference of air. Artists take advantage of this when they use the process called:

atmospheric perspective

Creating visual weight and counterweight is part of an artist's use of the element of ________ in creating a work of art.

balance

The African American artist Carrie Mae Weems is a photographer who often concentrates on personal, cultural, and racial identity in her work. In her Kitchen Table series (Fig. 2 & 3), she uses the principle of contrast by doing what?

balancing black against white

This type of relief, which takes its name from the French word for low, does not imply great depth.

bas-relief

When an artist wants to highlight the entire surface of his or her work, without regard for any particular area, this is called ______________.

broad emphasis

This method of applying value to a two-dimensional artwork in order to create the illusion of a three- dimensional solid form is called ________.

chiaroscuro

We generally associate a color with its purest, most intense state, or its highest level of ________.

chroma

An artist can use color to indicate depth. When a color is very pure and intense then it seems to be ___________.

closer

This is the most vivid element of art and design.

color

Colors that are on opposite sides of the color wheel are radically different in wavelength and are called ________.

complementary colors

This is the area that is visible when a viewer is staring at a fixed point in space.

cone of vision

The dark printed words on the page of a book are easily read because they are printed on a light ground. This is an example of the principle of ____________.

contrast

Most commercial color printing is achieved using three "true" primary colors and black. These primaries are __________________________.

cyan, magenta, yellow

Artists can create a sense of ________ by using light and dark values.

depth

Because it is three-dimensional, a form has these three spatial measurements: height, width, and _____________.

depth

By orienting lines so that they attract attention to a specific area of a work of art the artist is using ____________.

directional line

The positive and negative shapes in M. C. Escher's print Sky and Water I (Fig. 1) balance each other and are an example of ________.

figure ground reversal

This is the specific part in an area of emphasis to which the viewer's eye is drawn.

focal point

If an artist were to draw a figure whose arm was pointing directly toward the viewer, what technique would the artist have to use when drawing the outstretched arm?

foreshortening

When the rules of perspective are applied in order to represent unusual points of view, we call this: ________.

foreshortening

A two-dimensional object is called a shape, and a three-dimensional object is known as a ________.

form

In two-dimensional art, this is the area in which an artist creates their work.

format

A sculpture that can be viewed from more than one side and that occupies space in the same way as other real-life objects is called a ________ sculpture.

freestanding

An artist paints a scene with a large mountain, which lacks detail and is out of focus, and a tree, which is sharply defined and bright green. The viewer might assume that the mountain is ________ than the tree.

further away

This proportional system uses a ratio of 1:1.618.

golden section

The principles of design are a kind of ________ that artists apply to the elements of art.

grammer

The process of using a series of parallel lines set close to one another to differentiate planes of value in a work of art is called ________.

hatching

A flat work of art has two dimensions: ________ and width.

height

The chiaroscuro method uses five defined values: cast shadow, reflected light, core shadow, light, and ________.

highlight

The term used for referring to each of the basic colors of the spectrum is ________.

hue

This system, which derives its name from the Greek meaning "equal measure," uses diagonal parallel lines to communicate depth.

isometric perspective

This type of sculpture can move and change its visual form.

kinetic

One definition of this element is "a mark that connects two points."

line

This is the system for creating an illusion of depth using three basic components: horizon line, vanishing point, and convergence lines.

linear perspective

Our experience of objects in the natural world often leads us to assume that a large object will be heavy, but in fact this is not necessarily the case. This element of art is called ________.

mass

This term refers to the substance contained in an object, but it does not necessarily imply weight.

mass

The kind of scale used for objects that appear larger than they are in real life is called ________ scale.

monumental

The artist can more readily reflect the complexities of the real world by using more than one vanishing point. This is known as ________ perspective.

multipoint

A sculpture designed in the round can be viewed from ________.

nearly every angle

Forms that tend to be irregular, and similar to naturally occurring objects, are known as ________ forms

organic

The line that defines the edge of a shape is called the ________.

outline

In ancient Egypt, this part of the human body was used as a standard of measurement. Six of these equaled a cubit.

palm

This type of art can only exist in one place and time in history.

performance art

The size relationships between parts of an object, or its ____________, affects how a viewer will interpret it.

proportions

____________ balance is achieved when all elements in a work of art are equidistant from a central point and repeat in a symmetrical way from side to side and top to bottom.

radial

If you were to look at a t-shirt that absorbed the colors violet, blue, green, yellow, and orange, what color would the t-shirt appear to be?

red

The traditional "artist's" primary colors are ___________________________.

red, yellow, blue

A three-dimensional surface that is designed to be viewed from only one direction is known as a ________.

relief

A color that is lighter than its basic hue is known as a tint. A color that is darker than its basic hue is called a ________.

shade

This drawing medium utilizes a piece of silver wire set in a holder.

silver point

Rectangles based on the Golden Section can be nested inside each other to create an elegant ______________.

spiral

The opposite of emphasis is ________.

subordination

When ________ colors are mixed, they make a duller and darker color because more of the visible spectrum is absorbed

subtractive

By using ________ texture to contradict previous tactile experience, artists can invite viewers to reconsider the world around them.

subversive

______________ balance is achieved when both sides of a composition look exactly the same.

symmetrical

When a color is associated with hot or cold we refer to this as color ________.

temperature

Hatching and cross-hatching use two-dimensional lines to communicate ________ depth.

three-dimensional

These four visual elements of art—form, volume, mass, and texture—are present in ________ works of art.

three-dimensional

Because a form exists in "real" space, we can experience it not only visually, but also through our sense of ________.

touch

This type of perspective is used when an object is being viewed from an angle rather than from directly in front.

two-point

What element describes the imposition of order and harmony on a design?

unity

The lightness or darkness of a surface is the element of art called ________.

value

A series of different values that are grouped together is called a ________.

value range

One-point perspective does convey depth, but it has limited applications due to its reliance on a single _____________________.

vanishing point

This is a kind of visual diversity that can bring many different ideas, media, or elements together in one composition.

variety

When complementary colors are used next to each other in a composition, they produce a visual anomaly called simultaneous contrast. This visual effect makes the colors appear to ________ along the boundary where the two colors meet.

vibrate

This type of charcoal is commonly used as drawing material and is easy to erase.

vine

The elements of art form the basic ________ of art.

vocabulary

The element of art that defines the amount of space occupied by an object is ________.

volume

Color pencil is much like graphite pencil, but the lead is made from pigment and ________.

wax