Art Appreciation Unit 5 Study Questions (Valerie Owen)
The architect must also consider how to orient a building to take advantage of what three things?
natural light, attractive views, prevailing wind patterns
How many World Heritage sites are on UNESCO's list?
nearly 1000
Describe the Temple of Athena Nike.
on the Acropolis, Ionic columns with tops adorned with spirals, delicate proportions
What is the advantage of the barrel vault?
opened up large and long public spaces in stone buildings
How long did it take to complete Jefferson's dream home called Monticello?
over 30 years
Define post and lintel.
posts or columns support horizontal lintels or cross beams
Name three architectural art forms that rival the drama of mountains and other natural wonders.
pyramids, fortresses, skyscrapers
Describe the Dome of the Rock.
set on a hill, octagonal shape, wooden, white and turquoise tiles with gold sparkles, decorated with patterns, mosaics, beautiful marble pillars
What material was used in place of iron?
steel
What never made the list of the Wonders of the World and why?
the Great Wall of China, because the Europeans had no knowledge of it
What is a facade?
the outward face of a building
In the interior of the Dome of the Rock, what is in the center on the floor?
the sacred rock from which Muhammad rose to heaven, encircled by a low decorative wall
Why are small windows beneficial in an adobe house?
the walls are what hold the structures up
What is the bearing wall method?
the walls support the weight of the roof and floors above
What is UNESCO's philosophy about the World Heritage sites?
they are irreplaceable sources of life and inspiration that belong to all peoples of the world, regardless of the territory on which they are located
Why did the regional government commission Gehry to design the museum?
they hoped the museum would help revitalize the city
What is the purpose of a building?
to be seen and functional
In today's architecture, why is a stone facing added to the front of steel buildings?
to echo the architecture of the past, with its associations of stability, permanence, and grandeur
Why were the pointed arches invented?
to let more light into cathedrals
What was the purpose of the Seed Cathedral?
to preserve threatened global plant life for future generations
True or false: Architecture is a three-dimensional art form.
true
True or false: Architecture is known as the Queen of the Arts, uniting and ruling over a kingdom of different media.
true
True or false: Architecture protects and encloses us from the hostile forces of the outer world.
true
True or false: Bilbao is one of the most visited museums in Spain.
true
True or false: In 1990 Kitzhi was named a UNESCO World Heritage site.
true
True or false: In the ancient world temples, palaces, monuments, and tombs were the most important art forms.
true
True or false: Money and labor used to create Monticello and the life Jefferson lived there was produced by slave labor.
true
True or false: Most buildings in the past were designed of intersecting geometric forms such as boxes, cubes, and half-spheres.
true
True or false: The American Republic is also called the Federal period in architecture.
true
True or false: The Cathedral of the Transfiguration of Kitzhi Island in Russia has twenty-two onion shaped cupolas.
true
True or false: The Eiffel Tower was built by an engineer and builder of bridges.
true
True or false: The Greene brothers are two California architects that designed the Gamble House.
true
True or false: The Parthenon has Corinthian columns both outside and inside the structure.
true
True or false: The Parthenon was a temple devoted to Athena the patron goddess of the city.
true
True or false: Zaha Hadid designed the Riverside Museum in Glasgow.
true
How is the round arch used and give an example?
used in the Colusseum in Rome, stone construction, allowed for wider spaces between columns
What is frame construction?
vertical wooden supports and horizontal wooden beams that buildings are built from
What are elevations?
views from the sides
What are perspectives?
views that give a three-dimensional impression of the new building in its setting
Name four different groups of people that used or took advantage of the Parthenon long after its original use.
Holy Roman Empire - Christian church, Islamic mosque, Ottoman Turks - gunpowder storage, Lord Elgin (British aristocrat) - shipped the statues to England
Who were the architects of the Parthenon>
Iktinos and Kallikrates
How big is Bilbao?
250,000 square feet
Cast iron was thought to be fire proof. Name two events that proved it wasn't.
Chicago Fire of 1871, burning of the Crystal Palace in 1936
Which one of the seven wonders still exists today?
Great Pyramid of Giza
Name the four artists/architects that worked on the design of Saint Peter's Basilica.
Donato Bramante, Michelangelo, Gianiorenzo Bennini, Carlo Maderno
What style of column was used in the Parthenon and why?
Doric, because it was simple and plain, and the Greeks found beauty in perfection of line, shape, and proportion, not excess decoration
Name the most famous structure ever built of iron.
Eiffel Tower
Name the seven Wonders of the World and their location.
Great Pyramid of Giza - Egypt; Hanging Gardens - Babylon; Statue of Zeus - Olympia, Greece; Temple of Artemis - Ephesus, Turkey; Mausoleum - Halicarnassus, Persia; Colossus of Rhodes - Rhodes, Greece; Lighthouse of Alexandria - Egypt
Which artist said "most of our cities built since the war (World War II) are bland. They are modernist and cold"?
Frank Gehry
Who did an early sketch of the iconic Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao?
Frank Gehry
Who was the architect of the Kaufman House or Fallingwater?
Frank Lloyd Wright
Where is the Dome of the Rock built?
Jerusalem - The Temple Mount
Who restored and reopened the TWA building? How is it going to be used?
JetBlue, it will be used as a hotel
Name the three religions that consider The Temple Mound sacred.
Judaism, Islam, Christianity
Who designed the Seagram Building?
Ludwig Mies van dere Rohe, Philip Johnson
Name three other sites on the list of the World Heritage to be preserved.
Machu Picchu - Peru; Venice, Italy; pyramids at Giza - Egypt
How did early man make shelters?
cave; tents from animal hide; huts from mud, sticks, grass, bamboo, bones, and other things
Give an example of post and lintel construction.
Parthenon
What sculptor created Athena?
Phidias
Who designed the Seed Cathedral?
Thomas Heatherwick
Give an example of a building where reinforced concrete was used.
Trans World Airlines (TWA) Terminal at Kennedy Airport in New York
Name three styles and their location of vernacular architecture in the US.
log cabins of the American frontier, Spanish-style haciendas of California, New England saltbox homes known as Cape Cods
What does UNESCO stand for?
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
Who called architecture "the most public of arts"?
Walter Gropius
Who was the first woman to win the Pritzker Architecture Prize?
Zaha Hadid
What is the Borobudur?
a Buddhist site, a stupa in Indonesia
What is Fallingwater made of?
a combination of sandstone, reinforced concrete, steel, and glass, utilizes the terrain around it
What is a plaza?
a courtyard or piazza
What is a colonnade?
a row of columns
Describe the design of the steel frame or cage construction.
an interior skeleton holds up the structure
What two qualities does it take to be an architect?
artist, engineer
What is vernacular architecture?
buildings built in a traditional local style without the assistance of a professional architect
How did Frank Lloyd Wright decide on the color of the concrete?
by looking at the back of a dry, fallen leaf found outside
What allowed Gehry to utilize metal construction, move beyond straight lines, right angles and freeing him to use voluptuous curves and unusual slants?
computer-aided design (CAD)
Define arcades.
covered walkways
How are groin vaults created?
crossing two barrel vaults at right angles
True or false: Saint Peter's Basilica was voted by the American Institute of Architects the best all-time work of American architecture.
false, Fallingwater was
True or false: The Green brothers designed the metal skeleton for the Statue of Liberty.
false, Gustave Eiffel did
True or false: Fallingwater is a reflection of the endurance of classical Greek and Roman architectural ideals.
false, Monticello is
True or false: Benjamin Latrobe preferred swooping lines and fluid spaces made possible by digital architectural design programs.
false, Zaha Hadid and Frank Gehry did
True or false: Architectural mosaics are said to be a universal art form.
false, just architecture is
True or false: Many examples of Greek mural paintings still exist today.
false, none of them do
True or false: Buildings of reinforced concrete can't be shaped organically as well as geometrically.
false, they can
True or false: The Romans favored the Ionic style of columns.
false, they favored the Corinthian style
What are floor plans?
flat views from above
What were the five talents of Thomas Jefferson?
he was a farmer, statesman, scholar, inventor, and architect
What does acropolis mean?
high place
Describe Bilbao.
it appears more like a huge abstract sculpture than a building, steel forms clad in titanium swell and flow in sensuous shapes that come to a dynamic and asymmetrical balance, heavy forms seem to blow in the wind
Why did the Angkor Archaeological Park of Cambodia have to restore the Hindu temple complex of Angkor Wat?
it had been overrun by vegetation
Describe the exterior of the Seagram Building.
it is made of amber-colored glass with bronze frames
What is adobe and who used it building their homes?
it is sun-dried brick made of clay mixed with straw, used by Native American tribes in the southwest
What is unique about the structure of Fallingwater?
it utilizes cantilevered construction, which makes the balconies of the house seem to float above the waterfall
To plan a successful building an architect must consider what four things?
local climate, available building materials, building site, surroundings
