art computer class

When you look at a railroad track, we know logically that the two tracks are parallel to each other and remain the same distance apart, but the farther ahead we look, the closer they appear to each other. What type of perspective is this?

???

Creating a rubbing will help you understand how texture is an effective skill for artists. List the steps you would take to create a rubbing.

Answer will vary but should resemble the following: 1) Place a sheet of drawing paper over an object 2) Secure it with tape to hold into place if necessary. 3) Using the side of a pencil or crayon, do a rubbing over the surface. 4) Press down hard enough to see an image appear.

Why were portraits important in early history? Using key terms from the lesson, describe the above self-portrait by Rembrandt.

Before photography and film, portraits provided a way to record a person's image. Rembrandt's self-portrait, or portrait of the painter himself, is a painting. It is a realist, frontal self-portrait, that relies strong contrasts between light and dark to show detail and emphasize the artists face. Each part is proportionate, so that no one feature is embellished, but instead compliment one another.

Above is an image of Paul Gauguin's Tahitian Landscape. Which of the following is not true about this piece?

Gauguin relied on geometric shapes to create mood and energy in his piece.

Explain the difference between the vanishing point and the vantage point.

In linear perspective, the vanishing point is the point at which the orthogonals intersect. The vantage point is the location where the viewer sees the landscape.

Define the following terms: - medium - technique - proportion

Medium: Material in which a work of art is produced. Technique: How a piece of art is made; the methods used. Proportion: Relation of one part to another, or of parts to the whole in respect to the size,height,width, and scale.

Explain what this painting by Antoine-Jean Gros is depicting and why it is considered an idealistic portrayal of a factual event.

Napoleon decided to quiet the fears of the healthy after the outbreak of the bubonic plague in Europe in 1799, by visiting the sick and dying. He had Gros paint him as a Christ-like figure healing the sick with his touch, but only two months after this event Napoleon ordered the remaining sick to be poisoned. He commissioned this painting and others to further his political career.

Which of the following is true about two point perspective?

Objects in the picture may not be perpendicular to the picture plan.

Define the term sfumato. Name the above fresco and its artist. Explain how the artist how the artist used sfumato in his/her piece.

Sfumato is an Italian term for graduations of light and shadow to produce a hazy effect. This painting is by Correggio called, Assumption of the Virgin. Inspired by Leonardo da Vinci's spotlighting effects of illumination of sfumato, Correggio used sfumato to create a dreamlike effect in his fresco. The light at the top appears to filter down through the clouds among the shadows and figures. Although the objects are defined and recognizable, there is still an overall haze and blend across the entire image.

Explain the differences between shade, shading, and shadow.

Shade refers to when an artist darkens a color by adding black. Shading is the act of showing a change from light to dark in an object by darkening areas that would have a shadow. Shadow is the area of dark created when an object blocks light.

In this piece entitled Modern Painting with Clef, by Roy Lichtenstein, which visual element of art was most used by the artist?

Shape

In the painting above by Leonardo da Vinci, where is the vanishing point?

The face and figure of Jesus (center figure).

Look at the above painting. Which of the following elements of the painting do not lead to the vanishing point, which extends between the dancing man and woman?

The height of the man and woman as compared to all the other people.

Describe two elements of the above painting that the artist included to create perspective?

The images in the background are smaller than those in the front. The landscape in the background leads to the center, along with the lines of the building. The man in the red cape has his arm out towards the center, with it and his sight line cast down, diagonally towards the center.

The above painting is Michelangelo Buonarroti's, Last Judgement. What is/was the source of inspiration for this famous painting? What does the painting depict?

The painting is a Christian based painting. It shows images of what is known as God's last judgment, which is found in the book of Revelations, in the Bible. The painting depicts what is predicted in the book of Revelations regarding God returning to earth to judge and punish all those who are not Christian.

Define the following terms: - vanishing point - orthogonals - picture plane

Vanishing point: In linear perspective, the point at which the orthogonal lines intersect. Orthogonals: The converging lines. Picture plane: The flat surface of a drawing, painting, or relief sculpture.

Define multiple point perspective. Is the image below an example of multiple point perspective? Why?

With multiple point perspective, each object has multiple, interacting lines in which there can be multiple vanishing points. The image is an example of multiple point perspective because it has three vanishing points (bottom, right-side, and left-side) that the converging lines of the objects lead the eye to.

Through Vincent van Gogh's use of varying brushstrokes in the above painting, he exemplifies what technique of texture?

impasto

Orthogonal lines are _____________

the converging lines that lead to one or more vanishing points.

In the lithograph above, M.C. Escher attempted to create ____________________

the illusion of multiple point, never ending perspective.

Multiple point perspective is a system of perspective in which __________________

there are a number of vanishing points, usually created by multiple objects.

In a picture, the objects decrease in size as they recede towards the ______________.

vanishing point

Why is the sculpture in the picture considered a piece of art? Use keywords and art terms from the lesson to answer the question.

It is considered a form of art because art can take on different forms. It depends on the art taste of the artist. This sculpture has really good proportions.The red loops are pretty much balanced on the both sides. It isn't right heavy or something like that. The design is good too. the arrangement was well thought out.There is not much imagery to see. It's a red sculpture you can go under and examine. Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: The sculpture may be symbolic of something real (imagery). Each part of the sculpture is well proportioned to the others, which makes the piece agreeable to the eye (proportion). The semi-circles help direct the eyes from the bottom-center to up and out (composition). The sculpture has balance because if we were to see it from another view, its pieces would work harmoniously together (balance). From this angle, the sculpture is asymmetrical (design).

What is the most common purpose for composition in art?

It provides an understanding of, and agreement among, all the elements.

Art expresses many things in culture. How does this image of an American flag being placed at Iwo Jima after the most infamous battle in the Pacific during WWII, use symbolism to commemorate, document, and narrate an event in history?

It shows the soldiers working together to put up the american flag in Japanese soil. The soldiers raising the flag conveys emotions of patriotism. It documents the historic victory they received against the axis powers by putting up the flag. The flag is rather large which was so that many would be able to see it from afar. It narrates the struggles and happiness the soldiers felt to have finally finished the battle. It commemorates an important event. The flag works like a statue in this case. This photograph symbolizes the event by displaying the sorrow and pain of the soldiers atop the rubble and death of battle, while at the same time commemorating their courage and strength as they place an American flag at the scene of the battle. It serves as a reminder of their courage and the strength America has as a nation. It documents history for ever more and narrates the final scene of the battle.

Many cultures have incorporated texture in all of the following mediums, except which?

a. mosaic b. stained-glass c. sculpture d. *all of the above mediums use texture*

In order to create space, Escher created space by ____________________

a. varying the sizes of the objects to create and illusion of depth. b. curving the forms of certain objects, such as the bookshelf and ceiling, in order to create the 3-dimensional sphere of the mirror. c. leading the eye to a primary focal point (the man), and the rounding everything out. d. including all of the above aspects. D. ALL OF THE ABOVE

The art of using and understanding space involves _______________

a.varying the size of objects or subjects, so that some are smaller than others and the illusion of depth is created. b.showing a change from light to dark in an object by darkening areas that would have a shadow. c.placing part of one shape or form in front of another. d.all of the above D. ALL OF THE ABOVE

Which of the following is not a visual element of art?

angle

Depth is the _______________

apparent distance from front to back in a piece of artwork.

The bronze sculpture (left) was created by Constantin Brancusi and is called Bird in Space. The watercolor (right) was painted by James Audubon and is called Wild Turkey. Describe the message each artist wanted to convey to the observer.

Bird in Space: The artist wanted to convey the graceful qualities of the bird. He tried to show the movement of the bird by eliminating all the physical features. Wild Turkey: James Audubon took a realistic approach of his image of a bird. There is almost a scientific purpose seen in the detail and technique of his watercolor of the wild turkey. Audubon wanted to show that even though the painting is of a wild turkey, a less beautiful bird, there is still some beauty to his artwork.

Compare and contrast the above pieces, each of which is of a woman.

Both are painted and of women. Both look thoughtful, and perhaps sad. Contrast: One is dark and realistic (Mona Lisa), while the other is colorful and almost imaginary/dreamlike. The realistic painting (Mona Lisa - left) looks calm and yet sad, while the women on the right looks sad as well, but also more fearsome or worried. For the Mona Lisa on the left, the artists has added background images, while the painting on the right has an array of colors that do not create any specific image, but rather just compliment the women's image and the emotions she exhibits.

Texture can be the ____(1)____ of a design. With texture, lines and surfaces can be described as ____(2)____ and ____(3)____.

(1) line quality; (2) smooth; (3) rough

If you place a sheet of drawing paper over an object, securing it with tape to hold it in place, and color with the side of a pencil or crayon over the surface, what will you create?

A picture that has an implied texture of the actual texture of the object

By definition, what is "art"? What do you consider "art"?

Art is work created by a person that communicates a message or displays objects using different tools and techniques. Answers will vary, but should be specific for the opinion question.

Define line and describe the different types of lines used, including their benefits.

Line is defined as a path through space. Horizontal lines create a path from side to side, and provide the horizon for a two-dimensional piece of art. Vertical lines create a path up and down, and provide strength and permanence to a piece. Diagonal lines slant and help create a sense of motion. Curvilinear lines, or curved lines, slowly change direction. Spirals and circles begin with a curvilinear line. Zigzag lines are connected, usually diagonal lines, and can travel horizontally or vertically.

Throughout history, how have cultures used texture to create unique works of art? What types of mediums have been most commonly used?

Many cultures have used texture to instill a feeling or emotion in the observers, and also to convey a message. The most commonly used mediums are: mosaic, sculpture in the round, relief sculpture, and stain-glass.

Explain the difference between proportion and balance.

The difference between the two is not very pronounced in my eyes. Proportion is the relation of one part to another. For example, a sculpture is proportionate from top to bottom, it's eyes fit the head. Balance is an aesthetically pleasing equilibrium like the painting of the squares, One is physical and the other is mental. Proportion is the relative size of objects as compared to other parts of the piece. Balance is the arrangement of the elements within the piece that give it an aesthetically pleasing equilibrium for the observer.

Name the statue above. Explain three examples of symbolism used by the artist when designing this statue.

The statue is called Augustus of Primaporta. It was made in 20 B.C.E. and was found in Italy. One of the examples of symbolism is what the little cupid riding on the dolphin is trying to show. The dolphin is a symbol for the great victory Augustus had over Mark Anthony. The cupid symbolizes that he was descended from gods just like cupid is a descendant of Venus. The breastplate he is wearing symbolizes that he is backed up by gods. The statues is called Augustus of Primaporta, and dates back to early 1st century CE. First, Augustus is looking down, as though to indicate his power and prestige. The artist has put a staff in his hand, which symbolized importance and leadership during this time. There is a small cherub below him, to the left, which could signify holiness and power, or it could also represent the people's worship of their emperor. His clothes are ornate and heavy, which were worn by the elite of society.

Define the following terms: - tint - tone - shading

Tint: Adding white to a color to make it lighter. Tone: Refers to the light, color, and shade of an object. Shading: Showing a change from light to dark in an object by darkening areas that would have a shadow.

American photographer Edward Steichen purchased the sculpture Bird in Space while in Paris, France. What occurred when he tried to return to the United States with the sculpture? Include as many details as possible in your response.

Although he was asked at customs what the sculpture was, US customs claimed it was not art. They charged him an import duty and labeled it as "kitchen utensils and supplies." Steichen refused to pay the duty because it was a piece of art and pieces of art are not taxed. The case eventually went to the Supreme Court, where it was concluded that the sculpture was a piece of art and Steichen did not have to pay the import tax.

Define color and explain how color is used in the above picture titled Self-portrait with Flowers by Frida Kahlo?

Color is what the eye sees when light is reflected off a surface. This painting by Frida Kahlo uses color to convey mood. The colors are bright in the painting conveying a festive mood.

Define the following terms and use each in a sentence related to the topic. - curvilinear - form

Curvilinear: Lines that gradually change direction. Sentence: In his piece entitled, Tahitian Landscape, Paul Gauguin used diagonal and curvilinear lines to move our vision through the piece and helps reinforce the calmness of the mood. Form: The organization, placement or relationship of the basic elements in art, so as to produce a coherent, aesthetically pleasing image. Form gives height, width, and overall depth to artwork. Sentence: Also known as composition, the form of a work of art is significant to the other visual elements.

Above is a piece by Michelangelo, called The Holy Family. Explain the term modeling in art and why Michelangelo was considered a master of modeling.

Modeling is the act of using value to create the illusion of depth using shadow and shade. Michelangelo was a master of modeling in his paintings because of his skills as a sculptor. He understood how shapes looked and felt in three dimensions and was able to put this to work in paintings such as The Holy Family.

Explain the differences between one point perspective and two point perspective.

One point perspective in art occurs when all elements lead to one singular point, called the vanishing point. Two point perspective occurs when all elements the sides of the object lead to one of two vanishing points on the horizon. With multiple point perspective, each object has multiple, interacting lines in which there can be multiple vanishing points.

Define symbolic expression. Why are visual elements of art important to symbolic expression?

Symbolic expression is the act of representing an idea or message through the use of symbols. Visual elements are vital to symbolic expression because they allow an artist to create symbolism and incorporate creativity, which would otherwise be difficult or impossible.

Define symmetry and proportion. Why are they important to artistic design?

Symmetry is achieved when parts of an object are arranged along an imaginary center line. Proportion is the relation of one part to another, or of parts to the whole, in respect to size, height, width and scale. Symmetry provides balance and aesthetic appeal. Proportion provides depth, realistic imagery, definition for the individual parts.

Define the term tactility. Look at the sculpture shown above, how would you describe its tactility?

Tactility is the degree to which the surface of an object seems to have a particular feel. The sculpture's facial features, head, and hair/scarf appear smooth to the touch, while underneath the hair/scarf looks rough.

In the painting above, the artist has used two point perspective. What is the title of this piece?

The Night Café

How do artists create one or more vanishing points in their artwork?

The artist decides on a horizon or multiple horizons before beginning a piece of art. He/she then creates the elements of the pieces to include parallel lines that each lead the vanishing point or a designated vanishing point if there is more than one. All the objects appear to disappear (vanish) towards a vanishing point.

What type of perspective, giving the illusion of depth, is demonstrated by the sketch above? List the steps taken to create this drawing, making sure to include the reason for the line and the points on it, and how they are used to guide the drawing.

The drawing is an example of two point perspective, used to give a drawing the illusion of depth. Answers will vary, but should include the following points: 1) Begin with a horizontal line called the horizon line and mark a point on each side that will serve as the vanishing points. 2) Start by drawing the first vertical line of the first object. Then sketch in temporary lines as a guide, connecting the ends of the line to the vanishing points, to make sure the lines of the object will converge towards the vanishing points. 3) Complete the rest of the lines of the object, making sure they all converge towards the vanishing points. 4) Continue to add each object, using the above principles. 5) It is also helpful to add shading or shadow to increase depth and clarify perspective.

Name this painting and its artist. What type of perspective has the artist created? Explain how you came to your conclusion.

The painting is called The Night Café, by Vincent van Gogh. Answer will vary but may include the following: Van Gogh has used two point perspective to create depth and movement in this painting. One perspective, or vanishing point, lead off to the right-hand side, above the table, to the wall. The lines of the pool table and tables most prominently lead to the first vanishing point. The second vanishing point is on the left, and seems to travel up to the ceiling corner. Again the furniture lead our eye, as well as the lines on the floor.

Look closely at the painting above. What is the vantage point, or the point of focus? How do you know what the vantage point is? Think about the other parts of the piece and how they interact with the point of focus.

The vantage point is the man and woman dancing in the center. All the other figures in the painting are either looking at the man and woman, or their bodies are directed towards them. All the other people are close together, while the man and woman are spaced out and distanced from the other people. The angles of the furniture and room also lead the eye to the man and women.

Name the painting above and its artist. What type of perspective was created by the artist in this painting? Determine the vanishing point(s) and the elements in the painting that lead to it/them.

This painting is The Last Supper, by Leonardo da Vinci. It is an example of one point perspective. The vanishing point is Jesus' face (the man in the center of the table). All other individuals are either looking at him or motioning towards him.

Look closely at the images below. Which of the images shows two point perspective?

b

Examine this piece of art by Jean-Auguste-Dominque Ingres, entitled, Napoleon on his Imperial Throne. All of the following examples display Ingres' use of texture, except which?

c. The shine glaring off Napoleon's face

There was much _____________ used in the ancient writings, to produce a visual narrative of what had happened.

symbolism

Define symmetry. What does symmetry provide for artwork?

symmetry is like a reflection on a mirror. If it were cut in half it would be the same on both sides. In artwork, it provides an aesthetic feeling. It is clean and orderly. Symmetry is the aesthetic balance that is achieved when parts of an object are arranged from a real or imaginary line (vertical or horizontal) in the middle of the piece. Each part displayed on one side corresponds with each part on the other side. Symmetry allows the observer's eye to easily view the entire painting, provides balance to the artwork, and makes the elements all exist in agreement with one another. Symmetry can also help the artist convey a message, such as one of calmness.

Portraits were considered extremely important in early history because they were _____________

the only method for recording images of people.

Impasto is ______________

thickly applied paint that lets us see brushstrokes.

Cross-hatching provides an illusion of various ______(1)_______, while impasto provides an illusion of ______(2)_______.

d. (1) values; (2) depth

Artists use foreshortening and overlapping to create ___________ in a work of art.

depth

When we see something that exists in real life, there are many different ways to display imagery and importance using art. What the artist _____________ depends on what he/she wants to communicate.

emphasizes

The painting above is called The Holy Family, by ______(1)_______, who is considered a master of ______(2)_______.

(1) Michelangelo; (2) modeling

Explain the difference between a work of art intended for documentation and one intended for commemoration. How can a work of art, intended as a documentation, become also a piece of commemoration?

A work of art intended to document is going to provide evidence that an event occurred. A work of art intended to commemorate is going to call something to remembrance and serve as a memorial. A work of art can both document and commemorate something. For example, statues generally do so by showing realistically what type of person someone was and to serve as a memorial of their sacrifices. A piece of art intended for documentation is a historical, factual account of a person, place, or event. A piece of art intended for commemoration is also a documentation, however its main purpose is to serve as a form of remembrance, or a memorial, rather than a historical documentation. Sometimes as time passes, historical events and/or people become increasingly appreciated by current cultures and/or generations, and therefore a piece that was originally a documentation, can become a memorial or visual remembrance as well.

Explain the difference between positive space and negative space.

Positive space is the area the objects in a work of art occupy. Negative space is the empty space between the shapes or forms.

Who sculpted the above work of art entitled, Mademoiselle Pogany.

Constanin Brancusi

Explain the difference between cross-hatching and impasto in creating a sense of texture. Why would an artist select one over the other?

Cross-hatching is a technique used to create a sense of density through overlapping lines, and impasto is a technique used to create a sense of depth through thickly applied paint, often so one can see the brush strokes. An artist might select cross-hatching over impasto to create various values or degrees of lightness and darkness. An artist might select impasto over cross-hatching to emphasize depth or dimension to a painting.

In the above painting, what message was the artist, Antoine-Jean Gros, trying to spread?

He intended to show Napoleon as a Christ-like figure, healing the sick with his touch.

Where has the artist used texture in their piece of art? Is it effective?

He wears a gold laurel-wreath crown, a delicate lace collar, a red velvet cape with ermine lining and a wide ermine collar, and elaborately embroidered shoes in gold. Beneath his throne is thick carpet containing the image of an eagle, which was the symbol of ancient Rome. We recognize and can imagine the feel of these materials because of that artist's skill in creating illusions of texture. The artist used his skills with texture to convey his imperial power.

Explain the difference between actual texture and implied texture. In art, where is actual texture most often found, and where is implied texture found?

If we were to touch an artwork, and it felt how it looked like it would feel, then it would have actual texture (real texture). If we were to touch an artwork, and its texture was different from what it appeared to the eye, then it would be considered to have implied texture (the illusion of texture). Actual texture occurs in both relief and in the round sculptures. Implied texture is found in most other forms of visual art (ex: painting, drawing, pastel, etc.).

Which is more effective in transmitting information about a bird, Brancusi's Bird in Space or John Audubon's Wild Turkey?

It depends on the information the artist wants to transmit. If the artist wants to show the graceful attributes and the motion of a bird, then Bird in Space would be most effective. If the artist wants to show the physical attributes of a bird as it is seen in daily life to most people, then Wild Turkey would be most effective.

How has texture proved essential to many cultural art forms?

It has been used to depict a message or a feeling.

This is a photograph of Saint Peter's Basilica. Which of the following is true about this structure?

The architect used vertical lines to emphasize the strength and permanence of the building and horizontal caps on the columns to keep the façade from escaping into the heavens and to help contain it as a piece of art.

What are the visual elements of art?

The visual elements of art include, line, color, texture, space, shape, and form.

Identify this structure. How did the architect use line when creating this structure?

This is Saint Peter's Basilica, located in the Vatican. The architect used vertical lines to emphasize the strength and permanence of the building and horizontal caps on the columns to keep the façade from escaping into the heavens and to help contain it as a piece of art.

Examine the painting above. Name the title and artist of this painting. Describe the event the painting portrays and the message it was intended to send.

This painting is called Washington Crossing the Delaware, by Emanuel Leutze. This painting describes the historic event when General George Washington led the American revolutionary troops across the Delaware River to fight in the Battle of Trenton. It was painted to show the bravery and fortitude of the American troops during the Revolutionary War, increase awareness of George Washington's prestige and leadership, and to remind Americans of their success in gaining independence from England.

True or False: The painting above is by Diego Rivera.

True

The degree to which the surface of an object seems to have a particular feel is referred to as an object's _____________.

c. tactility

___________ is the use of value to create the illusion of depth.

modeling

Objects in a composition occupy ____________.

positive space

A martyr is a person who is __________________

put to death or endures great suffering on behalf of their beliefs, principles, or a cause.

This painting by Correggio, Assumption of the Virgin, is an example of the art technique which involves the graduation of light and shadow to produce a hazy effect. What is the term used for this technique?

sfumato

_____________ is the area of dark created when an object blocks light.

shadow

Define the following terms and write one sentence for each: - propaganda - motif - political figure

Propaganda is sometimes created to help change the lens through which people view rulers or circumstances. An example is the painting of Napoleon visiting plague victims. He is portrayed like a god, helping them, but in reality he did not care about the victims. Motif is a recurring element in a work of art. A single or repeated design or color. A political figure example is Washington crossing the Delaware River. He was a politician drawn with good intentions.

Define the following terms: - space - depth - mass

Space: The distance or area between,around,above,below,and within objects. Depth: The apparent distance from front to back in a piece of artwork. Mass: The effect or degree of bulk,density, or weight a 3-dimensional form.

Name the artist and painting above. How has the artist used space effectively?

This painting is by Géricault called, The Raft of the Medusa. The artist has effectively used space by first creating a triangular shape with the raft and bodies of the men acting as the base. Everything in the painting then leads up to the man waving the flag (center, top-right). We also see shade and shadow among the people and the sails, which gives it depth and also helps to again direct our eyes. There is also an element of sfumato used by the artist in the sea and the ocean, in order to emphasize the raft in the forefront, and to create a sense of mystery and fear.

_____________ gradually change direction, while ____________ create a sense of motion.

(1) curvilinear lines; (2) diagonal lines

Mass is the ________(1)________, where as depth is the ________(2)________.

(1) effect or degree of bulk,density, or weight a 3-dimensional form; (2) apparent distance from front to back in a piece of artwork

Above is an image of King Tut's Gold Sarcophagus, which is an example of how the Egyptian commemorated the dead. Explain how Egyptian commemorate the wealthy and royal dead and why?

Egyptian's commemorate the wealthy and royal dead by burying them with a few of their prized possessions. This was done because they believed the gods themselves would see the things as well as the person in the afterlife. That is why the greatness of the deceased was always exalted. It's like putting makeup on a person. You want to show the best of you to others. The Egyptians commemorated the wealthy and royal dead by mummifying their bodies, and placing them in sarcophaguses, which were often made or gold and other precious jewels. They placed them in tombs, which included paintings of their achievements. The purpose was to commemorate the greatness of the ruler buried and give glory to the Egyptian gods, as well as fulfill a functional purpose of documenting history and burying the body.

"Picasso was the gateway to true modern art. His painting Les Demoiselles d'Avignon is considered the birth of modern art, which influenced many of the other great modern painters. Art doesn't need to be perfectly and accurately represented images to be beautiful; art is intended to invoke a mood to the viewer." Do you agree with the author regarding Picasso, the painting, and the definition of art? Why or why not?

I personally like pieces of art that look real but I suppose this is true modern art because that is what one depicts with their own eyes. I agree with his statement on the definition of art because art is different for everyone and makes people feel different things. Picasso did influence an art revolution so I won't take that away from him.

The above piece is a lithograph by M.C. Escher. How has Escher used the concept of space effectively?

In the mirrored ball, the objects are varying sizes, which allows certain objects or subjects (ex: man) to appear closer and others farther away (window), creating depth and form. The artist also made some objects curved (ex: bookshelf and ceiling) and receding, in order to show the curvilinear lines of sphere of the mirror. The hand holding the ball, with its two fingers in the forefront, and its others behind, add to the 3-dimensional appearance.

This photograph, American Troops Landing on D-Day, was taken by a war correspondent during WWII. What do you notice about this picture? How does it make you feel when you see it?

In this photograph, I notice that it is an old photo. It is in black and white, first of all. Next thing I notice is the blurriness. Maybe the person taking the pictures is also running in water, and that is no easy task. Next, I notice that they are running in water to go to their posts (?) to start shooting the axis powers. This makes me feel like the soldiers did not let anything hold them back. They had such love for their country that they'd go through any terrain to defend win. i guess that would fill me with patriotism and happiness that we were winning.

Look closely at the painting above, entitled, El Vendedor de Alcatraces, by Diego Rivera. How did Rivera use the six visual elements to create this masterpiece? Provide one example for each visual element.

Line: Horizontal line of the tie/scarf; the vertical lines in the basket and with the flowers; the diagonal lines of the shawl; the curvilinear lines of the flowers and that of the woman; etc. Color: the darkness in the background to draw the eyes to the flowers and woman; the contrast in light between the woman and the flowers; etc. Texture: the shadowing on the basket, shawl, and flowers make them appear real if we could touch them; etc. Space: the grandness of the flowers; the small portions of the woman; the man standing behind the basket, the way the flowers appear overtop the woman's head and body; etc. Shape: the shape of the basket, the flowers, the flower centers, the body of the women, etc. Form: the depth created by the man behind the woman and the flowers; the height and presence of the flowers; the meekness and serenity of the woman; the way the eyes seems to start at the woman and then go up and cascade along the flower; etc.

Define the following terms: - medium - political power - portrait

Medium: Material of a work of art. Political power: An influence, usually political, or authority over others. Portrait: A likeness of someone,usually painted for purpose to memorialize the person.

This is a design by Leonardo da Vinci called, Old Man Contemplating the Flow of Water. What do you see when you look at this image? Why do you think the artist designed the image the way he did?

On one side we see a man deep in thought, while on the other side, his thoughts are projected. The man is sitting by a tree, which is often a symbol of wisdom in art. There is also a house or building in the background, so we can guess that the man is alone and away from the world's business. Based on the title, we also know that the man is suppose to be thinking about the flow of water, so the images on the right are most likely what he sees as water flowing. The words below the water, although we cannot read them, are perhaps his theories on water flow.

Why have most cultures throughout history used artistic works as a form of representation?

Most cultures have done that because it is a way to document important aspects of that culture and time period. It is a form of story telling and preserving traditions. Statues have been used for the longest time to commemorate their rulers and show what type of person they were. Tombs were used to commemorate the person being buried and things would be buried with the deceased for their afterlife. Artist works are often used to document or commemorate an event or important person. Art can convey both emotion and facts. Wars, troublesome times, and great rulers are often remembered through art.

Explain what you see in the image on the left, verses the image on the right. What a person sees when looking at the above two pictures depends on what concept?

Most people see either a vase-like object, or two faces. You may see one image in one picture, and the second image in the other, or you may see the same image in both, just one is black and one is white. It all depends on the concept of perception.

Explain the differences between myths and legends, visual metaphors, and beliefs. Why are they all forms of artistic inspiration?

Myths and legends are stories which are passed down, usually verbally, through generations within a culture. Visual metaphors can be from a dream or memory, and involve an association between two images or experiences. Beliefs are usually religious or spiritual, and help to explain the past, present, and future, as well as guide its followers' actions and intentions. Each is a form of artistic expression, because all can be effective modes of communication, which can be easily understood by people of all ages, classes, and literacy levels.

List and describe the five main inspirations for artists.

Nature: Elements of the natural world, such as vegetation, landforms, animals, and insects. Environment: The location where people or other living organisms live. Landscape: Inland scenery. Seascapes: Coastal scenery. People: Any human being or groups of human beings, whether man or women, adult or child

Define the terms overlapping and foreshortening. How has Andrea Mantegna used these two concepts to create the painting above entitled, The Lamentation over the Dead Christ?

Overlapping is when one part of a shape or form is placed in front of another, Foreshortening is a technique that make a form appear to move back in space. In Mantegna's piece, The Lamentation over the Dead Christ, he used overlapping to provide the depth to the room, and to show the image of Christ on top of the bed. By using foreshortening, the artist was able to make the body of Christ lay horizontal, and therefore receding into the background. This technique also allowed the other figures on the left to be positioned specifically by his waist, while his chest and head appear behind the figures. Mantegna created great depth using these techniques.

The way people view and understand an object or subject depends primarily on ___________.

Perception

In art, what is overlapping?

Placing part of one shape or form in front of another.

List and explain three reasons why people have used art to bring awareness and/or recognition.

Political motives. Sometimes politicians or people with power want to create propaganda to help change the lens through which people view rulers or circumstances. For example, Napoleon had a painting made of him visiting plague victims but afterwards, Napoleon ordered for the victims to be killed to avoid the spread of the plague. Social protest. Art can be used to express political and social protest. Picasso's abstract painting is an example. Equestrian portrait. This is a way to show power. It shows the horse submitting to the man; the man is in charge. It also hid the imperfections of people.

Define the following terms: - tapestry - monument - portrait

Tapestry is a heavy hand-woven textile used for depicting a story. In the time they were made, they were also used to keep homes warm by covering the walls. A monument is a memorial, a lasting remembrance, or evidence of an event. For example, there is a statue of Balto somewhere. It serves to remember how the dogs saved the lives of people who lived in a little town by sledding food to them. A portrait is a painting of a person. It can be used to capture the essence of a person and remember important people of a time period. Tapestry: A heavy hand-woven textile used for depicting a story. Monument: A memorial, a lasting remembrance, evidence. Most often a statue or other physical three-dimensional structure. Portrait: A likeness of someone,usually painted or sculpted.

Describe the Column of Trajan (above), including how it serves to both document and commemorate history.

The Column of Trajan serves the purpose to commemorate the deeds of the Roman armies in a more permanent form. Before then, they had celebrated by partying but a party didn't seem like enough to show their gratitude to the army. That is when the column was made. It documents the Trajan's wars in Dacia. The various battles are narrated all around the column. This column commemorated the emperor's reign, including holding his ashes at the base. The carvings found spiraling the column depict the events of the Dacian Wars, which are incredibly accurate according to scholars. The carving and the gilded statue of the emperor on top serve to document the past, as a history book does, and also to commemorate a great time in Roman History.

What does the above photograph commemorate and document?

The above photograph commemorates the reconstruction after the Civil War. It documents the horrible aftermath of the war. The buildings are destroyed and look nothing like they did before. Hopefully this teaches all of the future generations about the dangers of fighting your own country. This is a picture entitled, the Ruin's of Gallego Flour Mills, Richmond. It records an event and exists as an allegory of the costs of the Civil War. This was created as a document the hardships of the Civil War, but its purpose has also become to commemorate the Civil War so that we can remember the people who suffered and the reasons why the war occurred.

For the above visual narration, provide its title, medium, and both its historical and practical significance.

The above visual narration is called The Bayeux Tapestry. It is a tapestry therefore it is made out of linen fabric and embroidered with yarn. It is the most famous needlework known to this day. The tapestry depicts the King of Denmark's ruthless efforts to secure the crown. It is significant to remember the innocent lives lost. The tapestry gives us more proof of a past offence and helps us learn from it. Bayeux Tapestry Medium: embroidered with needle and thread on cloth Historical Significance: It tells the story of the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. Practical Significance: It was durable, portable, and served as an insulator in the winter.

The creative input of the artist and the meaning behind what was created is as important as the elements of art. Describe how the artist has used proportion and composition in this piece. In your opinion, what was the artist trying to convey to the observer?

The art piece looks wild but it's proportionate. The shapes are mostly a similar size. The competition is the arrangement. The artist arranged the shapes how they felt were best and it worked. I feel like he is trying to convey a messy brain/ Proportion: certain objects are smaller than others to create depth; the objects are all relatively small and proportionate to each other. Composition: bolder colors seem to leap off the page, whereas lighter colors appears to fall back; almost all the objects are vertically (or almost vertically) placed so the eye travels up and down when looking at the piece; there is balance of shape and color. Answer will vary for the artist's message but should be backed by reason.

In Van Gogh's Starry Night, he incorporated symbolic expression, using the visual elements of art, through all of the following actions, except which?

The artist has created the piece so that the negative space overpowers the positive space.

Identify and define the technique used by the artist to create the above portrait.

The artist has used cross-hatching to create this piece. Cross-hatching is a shading technique where a set of lines overlaps another set to give the illusion of various values.

List the following information in complete sentences: - artist - title of the artwork - the person/institute who commissioned it and why

The artist of this painting is Picasso. The name of the artwork is Guernica. The Spanish Republican government commissioned it to get the word out on what was happening in Guernica. Although, Picasso was not living in Spain, he was from there and the news devastated him and he began to work on it immediately. It shows all the horrors that were trying to be concealed.

What is texture? Identify this painting and its artist and explain how the artist has used texture to create this piece.

The visual or tactile characteristics of a surface (ex: smooth or rough), adding dimension to art. This painting is Marcel Duchamp's Nude Descending a Staircase No.2. The artist has used texture in a unique fashion, in that he has used line as a form of texture to created a two-dimensional piece. The subject in the painting appears to be moving quickly downwards in a diagonal pattern from top-right to bottom-left.

Identify the painting above and the artist who painted it. How has the artist specifically used texture in this piece?

This painting is entitled, The Shoes of van Gogh, by Vincent van Gogh. The artist used texture to create the illusion of depth by the use of light and dark. By varying the intensity by using a combination of brushstrokes, van Gogh created the illusion of texture.

What event/circumstance was the above artwork intended to show? What other message did its artist intend to convey to the world? Include the artwork's title and its artist in your response.

This painting, entitled Guernica, by Pablo Picasso, is suppose to be an abstract painting of the anguished experienced by those individuals who experienced the Nazi German bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War. Picasso wanted to convey the horrors of war to the world, and provide a symbol against war and fascism.

Name the piece above and its painter. How has the artist used symbolic expression in this painting? Include 3 examples/descriptions.

This piece is by Vincent van Gogh, called Starry Night. Van Gogh used created a horizon using horizontal lines; the cypress tree and mountains are vertical and almost seem to reach for the sky; the stars are interacting as one with the entire seen below, becoming a part of nature and the environment; both cypress trees are in the foreground so that our view point shifts and their symbolic expression is that of a different nature than the other objects seen in the painting; the house are smaller purposely, so that they are not viewed as important compared to the nature elements; the only building that is accentuated is the church, which symbolizes a spiritual connection with nature.

Name the work of art above and its artist. Which visual element of art did the artist rely on the most to create this piece ? Explain your answer.Name the work of art above and its artist. Which visual element of art did the artist rely on the most to create this piece ? Explain your answer.

This piece is called Study of a Women's Back, by Henri Matisse. The artist relied mostly on line to create this piece. Almost all art begins with line, which leads to the artist incorporating other visual elements. Although the piece does have other visual elements in their rawest forms, Matisse choose not to develop these, and instead concentrate on line.

Name the above painting and its artist. What was the purpose of equestrian portraits in history?

This portrait is by Diego Velazquez called Philip IV on Horseback. Equestrian portraits became common because it was believed that leaders looked especially powerful atop a large, powerful beast (horse). In addition, equestrian portraits were another way to show a leader's control, prominence, provide focus toward the leader being painted, and helped minimize any unattractive features that might be seen in frontals and profiles.

The above painting is of King Henry VIII. Which artist painted this portrait? List three interesting facts you notice about the painting.

This portrait of King Henry VIII was painted by Hans Holbein the Younger. Answers may vary, but should include at least 3 examples: King Henry VIII is taking up most of the canvas in order to display his power and importance; His expensive and heavy clothes indicate his wealth; the artists exaggerated his proportions in order to show his commanding presence and superiority; his facial expression is serious.

Look at the sculpture above. Does it most likely have implied texture or actual texture? What texture(s) does it appear to have? Include the name of the sculpture and artist in your response.

This sculpture is called the Horse, by Debra Butterfield. The sculpture has actual texture because the texture we see is what we will most like feel like. Students responses of texture may vary, but will most likely include the following terms/textures: roughness of the wood/sticks, roundness of the sticks and the parts of the horse, and sharpness of the sticks.

The Roman author Quintilian said, "Art was inspired by nature, a work of art differs from nature because an artist will transform nature into art." Examine the painting below by Katsushika Hokusai entitled, The Great Wave of Kanagawa. Explain how the artwork relates to Quintilian's famous quote, including the artist's technique(s) and inspiration(s).

Waves in their natural form, are not necessarily art, however Katsushika Hokusai has captured the fierceness of the waves and the glory of the ocean by painting a frozen image of a large wave just before it is about to crash down on the sea below. The artist used proportion to show the large wave as most prominent, displaying its power over the waves below. The artist created balance for the large wave on the left, by creating height in the sky, which is more likely clouds on the right. The white caps are emphasized by the artist's use of contrast between their light, and the darkness of rest of the sea. This makes the white caps appear claw-like, reaching out for the sea below with intention and strength. The artist's main inspiration was nature, specifically the sea.

Line is defined as a ____________________

a path through space.